English to Lahu Dictionary Manually compiled English to Lahu dictionary Felix Hanley 001 29-10-2016 29-10-2016 n.noun v.verb (vb) again k'awꞈ (vb) (vb) together teˇ geh (vb) 12 apostles awˬ laꞈ g'awˇ teˇ chi nyiˇ g'aˇ a little a ciˉ abandon baˬ ve vt ability to (vb) (vb) puiˉ ve able adv (vb) hpehꞈ ve adv (vb) g'a ve abortion yaˇ te shawˆ ve accept, to vt heuˆ ve accounts report hpu caˇ lanˉ Acts Tcuh yaˇ actually awˬ tehˬ k'oˆ k'o adultery haˉ chawˇ te ve afraid vt kawˆ ve after awˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ afterward awˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ age awˬ hk'awꞈ agree, to vt nyi ma cawˇ ve alcoholic tzuhˬ yeˇ caˆ ve all hk'a peu-eˬ also htawˇ also, aswell nehˉ always hk'aˬhtaˆ kaꞈ always (vb) (vb) tcuhˉ ve always (vb) (vb) tcuhˉ ve Amos Aˍmoˆ angel mvuhˇ naw ma tcuh yaˇ angry vt nyi ma g'eu ve animal to nuˇ to shaˆ animal classifier hkeh announce, to vt cawˍ nyiˍ-aˍ announcements cawˍ nyaˍ ve teˇ hpaˍ apostle awˬ laꞈ g'awˇ April Eˉhpeˬleˬ argue, to vt g'awˬ daꞈ ve arm laꞈ g'awˇ Armageddon Aˍ maˍ geˍ donˍ arrived at (vb) gaˬ ve as much as possible puiˉ te hpehꞈ ve hk'e ask, to vt na ve ask, to na nyi ve assembly uiˍ ve hpawnˬ daꞈ ve assignment aꞈ piˇ ve at this moment chi teˇ hkui August Awˇguˆ auxilary pioneer hpai o ni g'a ga heuˇ ve back hk'awꞈ nawˉ bad reputation awˬ meh luˬ ve banana aˉpawˇshiˍ baptism baˆ tiˆ saˬ iˉ k'aˆ tuˬ ve beans nawˆshiˍ because pa taw because cha ve because of that chi htaꞈ pa taw become (vb), to (vb) la ve become, to vt hpehꞈ la ve beef nuˇ shaˍ before awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ bible liꞈ hpu bible reading liꞈ hpu g'aw ve bible student liꞈ hpu henˇ ma bible student liꞈ hpu henˇ paˍ big uiˍ blame, to vt she piˇ ve blessing awˬ bon blood transfusion suhˍ keu ve body of elders uˉ peunˍ sheˇ hpaˇ awˬ moˍ book liꞈ book classifier liꞈ both (clf) nyiˇ (clf) (clf) brave vt nyi ma uiˍ ve bring, to vt yuˬ la ve brothers awˇ viˇ awˇ nyi but yaꞈ hk'aˇ buy, to vt vuiˬ ve can (allowed) (vb) (vb) hpehꞈ ve can (have ability) (vb) (vb) g'a ve capable of completing (vb) (vb) gaˬ ve care vt haꞈ shaˉ ve carrot kaˇ laˇ g'awˇ ma chapter kaˇ naˉ uiˍ chicken g'aˆ shaˍ christian hkriꞈ yaˇ Chronicles Raˍsaˍvanˍ circuit hkriꞈ yaˇ awˬ moˍ hk'a peu-e circuit assembly nyiˇ nyi hpawnˬ daꞈ ve circuit overseer hkriꞈ yaˇ awˬ moˍ hk'a peu-e hpawnˬ daꞈ ve classifier for humans g'aˇ clear (like glass) vt kehˬ ve close awˬ paˇ Collossians Kawˇlawˇsehˇ come, to vt la ve complete vt biˇ ve confident vt nyi ma uiˍ ve congregation hkriꞈ yaˇ awˬ moˍ congregation book study hkriꞈ yaˇ awˬ moˍ awˬ hk'aw lo henˇ ve consider, to vt shawˍ nyi ve contribution tanˇ ve contribution box tanˇ kuiˬ ta k'oˬ Corinthians Kawˇrenˍhtuˆ crime tiˇ pehˍ ve cucumber aˉhpehˇ Daniel Daˍyeˍlaˆ day awˬ nyi December Diˬseˇbaˬ demonstrate te maˍ ve depression jo suhˍ ehˍhpehꞈ hpehꞈ chehˇ ve destruction luˬ ve sheˆ ve Deuteronomy Bon maˍ ve different vt peun ve difficult haˍ ve dig, to duˇ ve disciple awˬ laꞈ g'awˇ discipline jawꞈ maˍ ve discouraged nyi ma luˬ ve discuss, to chaˬ nyi ve discuss, to jehˬ ve discussion chaˬ nyi tehˆ nyi ve disease naˬ beuˬ district assembly shehˆ nyi hpawnˬ daꞈ ve don't (vb) taˇ (vb) drama liꞈ hpu awˬ co-e hkaˇ suhˍ te ve drug addict awˬ yeˇ caˆ shehˍ hpaˇ each (clf) teˇ (clf) peuˬ teˇ (clf) ear naˍ paw early teˇ naꞈ early naꞈ naꞈ suhˆ suhˆ early naꞈ early Christians awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ htaˇ ve hkriꞈ yaˇ awˬ moˍ earthquake miˬ hiˆ ve Ecclesiastes Cuˇ yiˍ piˇ ve eight (8) hiˉ elder uˉpeunˬ shehˍ hpaˇ encourage, to awˬg'aˇ piˇ ve end awˬ leh meuˇ endeavour, to coˇ caˇ ve energetically do (vb) g'aˇ hteꞈ (vb) enough (vb) (vb) lawꞈ ve enter, to loꞈ ve entire hk'a peu-eˬ Ephesians Eˇfeˇsuꞈ Esther Iˉsaˍtaˆ even though htawˇ even, too nehˉ ever (vb) (vb) jaw ve everlasting life co co taiˍ taiˍ ve a shaꞈ every (clf) teˇ (clf) le le Exodus Tawˆ k'ai ve expand, to uiˍ la ve experience hpuˇ jaw ve awˬ lawn k'ao ve eye mehˆ shiˍ eye mehˆ shiˍ Ezekiel Yeˍsaˍkeˍlaˆ Ezra Eˇzaˍraˆ face mehˆ hpfuhˇ false religion maˇ heˆ heˆ ve bon liˇ family yehˬ k'a father awˬ pa February Feˍbaˬvaˬriˬ field ti mi field service meeting bon maˍ ve awꞈ hk'aˇ awˬ pon hpawˬ daꞈ veˬ find, to ca ve finger laꞈ naw fire aˬ miˍ first awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ first awˉ lawˉ first awˉ lawˉ fish ngaˇ shaˍ five (5) ngaˇ follow (vb), to g'aꞈ (vb) follow example henˇ yaˬ tuˬ awˬ hk'aˇ suh g'aˬ te ve follow, to g'aꞈ ve food shortage caˇ tuˬ haˍ ve for awˬ pon forever co co taiˍ taiˍ four (4) awˇ free a hk'e leˇ Friday shinˉ peuˬ ngaˇ nyi front g'uˇ suhˍ fruits iˉ shiˍ full time minister awˬ yanˇ biˇ ve kanˉ te shehˍ hpaˇ full biˇ ve Galatians Gaˍlaˍtiˆ general classifier maˬ Genesis Awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ gift laꞈ shawn glass la keh go, to k'ai ve good news daꞈ ve sha tanˇ good news ha lehˬ ve bon hkawˇ gospel ha lehˬ ve bon hkawˇ government laˇ htaˇ banˇ government laˇ htaˇ banˇ grandmother a pi grape a pehˉmeuˇshiˍ grateful shu ve awˬ bon htaꞈ shiˍ puiˉ ve greedy lawˇ hpaꞈ uiˍ ve group awˬ moˍ group classifier moˍ gentry, to uiˍ la ve gentry, to (in number) maˇ la ve Habakkuk Haˍbaˍkuˆ habit awˬ liˇ Haggai Haˆgehˇ hair uˉ hkeh mvuh hand laꞈ sheh happen hpehꞈ la ve he yawˇ head oˉ k'oˍ heart (figurative) nyi ma heart (physical) nyi ma shiˍ heaven mvuhˇ naw ma Hebrews Heˍbrehˇ help, to ga ve him, her yawˇ hinder, to htaw ve hinder, to hehꞈ hkehnˉ ve hole miˬ k'oˍ holy spirit daꞈve kehˬ ve Awˬ ha hpu homosexuality hawˇ hk'aˆ chawˇ hawˇ hk´aˆ zuhꞈ ve Hosea Hawˇseˍ householder yehˬ shehˍ hpaˇ how hk'aˬ hke how do hk'aˬ hke te how many hk'aˬ nyiˇ how much hk'aˬ ma humble nyi ma nuˇ nehˬ ve if k'o if that's the case hk'e k'o illustration tawˇ pa haˉ important awˬ lawn uiˍ in awˬ hk'aw lo in order to tuˬ initiative bon taˍ maˍ jawˬ ve international assembly laiˇ mvuhˇ miˬ hpawnˬ daꞈ ve interview yi leh k'aoˍ tcuh ve awˬ lawn te maˍ laˇ ve intestines awˬ g'uˬ tehˆ introduce maˆ shiˍ daꞈ jaw ve shiˍ daꞈ tuˬ te piˇ ve investigate, to chaˬ nyi ve Isaiah Iˉsaˍyaˆ issue awˬ lawn James Yaˍkoˆ January Jaˬnaˬvaˬriˬ Jehovah Yaˍhoˉvaꞈ G'uiˬ sha Jeremiah Yeˍraˍmiˆ Jesus Yeˍsuˆ Job Yawˇbaˆ Joel Yawˇlaˆ John Yoˇhanˬ Jonah Yoˇnaˆ Joshua Yawˇsuˆ Jude Yuˇdaꞈ judgement suhˉ jehˬ ve Judges Suhˉ jehˬ ve July Juˬlaiˬ June Junˬ kettle tu k'aw kingdom mvuhˇ mi Kings Jawˇ mawˇ knee hkui tcuhˉ k'u know, to shiˍ ve knowledge cuˇ yiˍ Lamentations Dawˇ haˍ ve language awˬ hkawˇ last awˬ leh last awˬ leh last [week] ponˬ la ve [teˇ shinˉ] last [year] ponˬ la ve [teˇ hk'awꞈ] last days awˬ lehˬ meuˇ law awˬ liˇ tawˇ hkawˇ law uˉ pa te learn, to henˇ ve learn, to henˇ ve jawˬ ve leave someone behind, to cheˬ taˉ ve leg hkui g'awˇ Leviticus Oˉ k'oˍ pui ve library liꞈ bawehˇ life a shaꞈ like, as hk'e live, to teꞈ ve live, to chehˇ ve long zuhˬ ve long ago aˉ suhˆ htaˇ long time zuhˬ ve look, to nyi ve loud sound awˬ hkawˇ bvuhˬ ve love, to haꞈ ve Luke Luˉkaꞈ liꞈ Luke Luˉkaꞈ Malachi Maˍlaˍhkiˆ mango maˉ mo shiˍ many (clf) laiˉ (clf) March Maˆchiˬ Mark Maˍkuˆ Matthew Maꞈhtehˍ May Meˬ maybe hehˉ me ngaˬ medical directive saˍ laꞈ g'onˍ hpaw beˇ maˍ laˇ ve liꞈ medicine naˆ tsuhˇ meek nyi ma nuˇ nehˬ ve meet, to hpuˇ ve meet, to hpuˇ daꞈ ve meeting hpawˍ daꞈ Micah Miˆhkaˍ microphone mai hk'a fo minister kanˉ te paˍ ministerial servant kanˉ g'a ga shehˉ hpaˇ Monday shinˉ peuˬ teˇ nyi money hpu month ha pa more (vb) (vb) chaweh mouth mawꞈ k'aw mushroom mvuhˬ must (vb) g'a (vb) Nahum Naˍhunˍ nail (finger) laꞈ shiˍ k'uˉ name awˬ meh neck k'awˍ peˍ need to (vb) (vb) cawˇ ve need, to loˍ ve negative attitude haiˬ ve hpawˇ lo nyi ve Nehemiah Neˍhaˍmiˆ new awˬ suhˉ new earth miˬ guiˬ awˬ suhˉ new heaven mvuh nawˇ awˬ suhˉ news hkaoˬ next (clf) awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ teˇ (clf) next week shawˉ teˇ shinˉ nine (9) k'awˇ no maˇ heˆ nose naˍ hk'awˇ November Noˬveˇbaˬ now... chi teˇ hkui Numbers Heh puiˉ hk'aw Obediah Awˇbaˍdiˆ obey, to na yuˬ ve October Awˇtoˇbaˬ offer, to tanˇ ve often (vb) teˇ hkui teˇ hkui (vb) one (1) teˇ one hundred (100) teˇ ha one hundred thousand (100000) teˇ shehnˉ one million (1000000) teˇ lanˬ one thousand (1000) teˇ hinˉ onto awˬ hk'oˆ lo opportunity a khwaˬ orange maˉ cuˉ shiˍ other, another awˬ kaˍ awˬ nu ought to (vb) cawˇ ve outline awˬ lawn overseer nyi haꞈ shaˉ shehˍ hpaˇ paradise hko paradise on earth miˬ guiˬ hk'oˆ ve hko parents awˬ pa awˬ e pay, to keu ve person chaw person classifier g'aˇ Peter Peˍtruˆ pharisee hpaˍriˍsehˇ Philemon Hpiˇleˍmonˍ Philippians Hpiˇliˇpiˆ pioneer hpai o ni place classifier kaˬ plant classifier cehˬ please (vb) awˬ bon te leh (vb) plural teˇ hpaˍ pollution awˬ paˇ awˬ kui canˬ ve awꞈ ceuˬ htaꞈ te luˬ ve pork vaꞈ shaˍ positive attitude daꞈ ve hpawˇ lo nyi ve potato yaꞈyiˉshiˍ pour out, to ngeuˍ baˬ ve pour, to ngeuˍ ve power kanˇ paˆ pray, to bon law ve prayer bon law hkawˇ preaching penˬ k'ai ve prepare, to gu ve presentation te maˍ laˇ ve price awˬ hkanˉ priest paw hkuˇ problem pan haˉ produce fruit, to awˬ suhˍ nawꞈ la ve promise ka tiꞈ prophecy tcuh kaˍ paˍ tawˇ hkanˇ Proverbs Tawˇ naˉ ve provide, to gu taˍ laˇ ve Psalms Chiˇ mvuh ve public talk hpawnˍ daꞈ ve teˇ g'aˇ leh laˬ hpehꞈ ve publisher bon maˍ shehˍ hpaˇ punish, to ciˍ yanˍ ve question, to na nyi ve radish g'awˇ ma hpu read, to g'aw ve reader g'aw shehˍ hpaˇ reason awˬ lawn reciprocal (vb) (vb) daꞈ ve regular pioneer hk'aˬ htaˆ kaꞈ hpai o ni te ve religion bon liˇ remaining awˬ leuˉ report kanˉ hto ve report (field service) kanˉ hto yuˬ keu respond, to tawˇ yaw hk'awꞈ piˇ ve responsibility awˬ vuiˬ responsibility, to give awˬ vuiˬ pfuhˍ ve responsibility, to take awˬ vuiˬ pfuhˇ ve return visit ca k'awꞈ guiˇ ve Revelation Hpeuꞈ maˬ ve review maˇ nyi nyi te leh hk'awꞈ ve righteous hteˇ ve cawˇ ve Romans Roˉmaꞈ rope aˉ hkeh round thing classifier shiˍ ruined luˬ ve rulership uˉ peunˍ ve Ruth Ruˉhtaˆ same hk'a shuˍ Samuel Saˍmo-eˍlaˆ Satan neˇ haiˬ Saˍtanˍ Saturday shinˉ peuˬ hkawꞈ nyi say, to k 'oˆ ve search, to ca ve section classifier tawn see, to mawˬ ve self awˬ to self a shu yawˇ awˬ to send, to feu ve September Sehˆteˇbaˬ service kanˇ te ve service meeting kanˉ te tuˬ hpawˍ daꞈ seven (7) suhˍ shake, to hiˆ ve she yawˇ shirt aˉ poꞈ should (vb) (vb) cawˇ ve shoulder laꞈ k'aˉ show example daꞈ ve henˇ youˬ tuˬ te taˉ ve sign of last days awˬ lehˬ meuˇ ve awˬ heˆ similar suhˍ daꞈ ve sin venˇ baˆ six (6) hkawꞈ so hk'e te leh some teˇ hpaˍ hpaˍ song liꞈ hkawˇ Song of Solomon Sawˉlaꞈmonˍ k'a muiˬ sound awˬ hkawˇ special assembly teˇ nyi hpawnˬ daꞈ ve special pioneer shu htaꞈ maˇ shuˍ hpai o ni spirit of world miˬ guiˬ ve awˬ han start (vb), to tanˬ (vb) ve start, to tanˬ ve starvation meuꞈ ve kaˆ ve stomach awˬ feuˉ k'oˍ stress hpehꞈ bawˬ ve study, to henˇ ve succeed, to awˬ hpeꞈ laˬ ve Sunday shinˉ nyi symbolic awˬ heˆ hpehꞈ ve table hpeu lawˇ take and (vb) yuˬ (vb) ve take, to heuˆ ve talk bon maˍ hkawˇ taxes hpaˇ shiˉ teach, to maˍ ve tell & explain vt hto maˍ ve tempt, to beˬ ve ten (10) teˇ chi ten thousand (10000) teˇ meunˍ territory kanˉ hk'aˇ awˬ ti thank you awˬ bon uiˍ jaˇ that oˇ ve them yawˇ hui theme awˬ lawn lonˉ there oˇ kaˬ therefore hk'e htaꞈ pa taw these chi teˇ hpaˍ Thessalonians Hteˇsaˍlawˇniˆ think, to dawˇ ve this chi ve this [week] chi [teˇ shinˉ] three (3) shehˆ throat hk'awꞈ hk'aw Thursday shinˉ peuˬ awˇ nyi time, instance pawˆ Timothy Tiˆmoˉseˍ tired heuˬ ve Titus Tiˇtuˆ to start (vb) tanˬ (vb) ve together teˇ geh together (vb) hpoˆ (vb) tomorentry shawˉ pawˍ tonight yaꞈ puiˉ haˉ too htawˇ tools awˬ hk'eun tooth tceuhˬ trick, to beˬ ve true religion awˬ tehˬ ve bon liˇ true worship awˬ tehˬ uˉ k'oˍ pui ve truth awˬ tehˬ awˬ na try to (vb) (vb) nyi ve try to (vb) (vb) lawˇ ve try, to coˇ caˇ ve Tuesday shinˉ peuˬ nyiˇ nyi two (2) nyiˇ types classifier ceuˬ unbaptised publisher baˆ tiˆ saˬ maˇ hkanˍ htaˇ bon maˍ ve universal issue awˬ lawn hk'a peu-e until (up to) hk'a gaˬ until (vb) (vb) ceh ceh us ngaˬ hui use, to yehˇ ve vegetables g'awˇcaˉ verse kaˇ naˉ ehˉ violence hehnˇ ve awˬ ceuˬ visit, to ca guiˇ ve volunteer nyi ma pfuhˇ ve waist cawꞈ cehˍ nyi wait, to law ve want to (vb) (vb) gaˇ ve war bawꞈ daꞈ warn, to shaˍ tiꞈ ve watermelon teh hkaˉ shiˍ way awˬ hk'aˇ suh way to (vb) (vb) hk'aˇ Wednesday shinˉ peuˬ shehˆ nyi week awˬ shinˉ welcome, to haꞈ yuˬ ve what aˬ ma what aˬ htoꞈ ma when htaˇ where hk'aˬ kaꞈ le who a shu why aˬ htoꞈ ma pa taw wicked things haiˬ ve awˬ ceuˬ wickedness haiˬ ve will a loˍ wisdom cuˇ yiˍ wood suhˆ words tawˇ hkawˇ work kanˉ worried nyi ma haw ve written announcement cawˍ nyiˍ-aˍ liꞈ year awˬ hk'awꞈ yesterday aˉ nyi you nawˬ you (plural) nawˬ hui Zechariah Zaˍhkaˍriˆ Zephaniah Zeˍhpaˍniˆ both (clf) nyiˇ (clf clf) history, folklore ประวัติศาสตร์ raˍsaˍvanˍ, praꞈva saꞈ, kaˇ puiˇ kaˇ lao archaeologist miˬ duˇ paˍ historian raˍsaˍvanˍ bvuhꞈ paˍ 20th century 19 ha hk'awꞈ teˇ hpaˍ science viˆhta ya saꞈ polytheism g'uiˬ sha maˇ maˇ cawˬ ve monotheism moˍnoˍhtiˍiˆ atheists ehˉtiˍiˆ religion hpaˍ shaˍ educational level cuˇ yiˍ awˬ htaiꞈ to strengthen awˬ g'aˇ cawˬ la piˇ ve culture chaw liˇ vaˇ liˇ question na nyi hkawˇ a needˉ loˍ kuiˬ trustworthiness yonˍ hpehꞈ ve position, stance awˬ htaiꞈ latin laˍtinˍ could you provide...ˉ peꞈ laˇ deacon bon kawanˇ concordances liꞈ hpu ca kuiˬ liꞈ daw word study book; encyclopediaˉ tawˇ hkawˇ tcuhˉ kuiˬ yuˬ taˍ ve liꞈ bible commentary liꞈ hpu awˬ lawn bvuhꞈ taˍ ve liꞈ dictionary tcuhˉ kuiˬ hpeuꞈ ve liꞈ curriculum maˍ tuˬ ve liꞈ teˇ hpaˍ library liꞈ g'aw kuiˬ bawehˇ address chehˇ kuiˬ awˬ ti abbreviate ngeh piˇ natives, aborigines awˉ lawˉ chehˇ ve chaw abstain maˇ yuˬ to quote from, to cite yuˬ tawˆ ve accelerate heˆ heˆ te ve advance, go forward awˬ g'uˇ suh k'ai ve to take turns teˇ g'aˇ peuˬ teˇ g'aˇ pa ve to bleed awˬ suhˍ tawˆ la ve capital city เมืองเริ่มแรก venˇ awˬ hkuiˉ peuˬ comic พูดเล่น k'oˆ guiˇ ve support, cooperate อยู่ฝ่ายเขา yawˇ ve hpawˇ chehˇ ve skillfully; accurately พอดี hk'a cawˇ to the end สิ้นสุด hk'a leh sufficiently พอดี hk'a lawꞈ continue to do accordingly ทำตาม g'aꞈ te k'ai ve don't have to have ไม่จำเป็นต้องมี cawˬ tuˬ maˇ loˍ poor people คนยากคนจน haˍ yaˇ g'awˇ yaˇ fall into hands เข้าในมือหมด laꞈ sheh hk'aw lo geh peuˬ ve each go their own way กระจัดกระจาย pehˉ tiˉ pehˉ shan firmly zuh-ehꞈ most people ส่วนมาก g'aˇ-awˍ ve problems ปัญหา hpehꞈ haˍ ve awˬ ceuˬ to constantly encounter เจอแล้วเจออีก teˇ maˬ peuˬ teˇ maˬ g'a hpuˇ ve traitor / traitoress คนทรยศ chaw hpfuhˆ paˍ | ma living room ที่นั่งเล่น chaw mui guiˇ kuiˬ human soul chaw ha vaˇ ha xxxxx human flesh คนรวย chaw sha population ราษฎร chaw shenˍ to take a census นับจำนวนประชากร chaw shenˍ g'aw ve humanity มนุษย์ chaw yaˇ vaˇ yaˇ smart person คนฉลาด chaw laˆ anthropologist นักมนุษยวิทยา chaw liˇ henˇ paˍ giant ยักษ์ chaw lonˉ ma norms of behavior, way of life ปฎิบัติตัว, วิถีชีวิต chaw law (vaˇ law) overpopulated / overcrowded ประชากรเพิ่ม chaw lawˇ la ve cross a bridge coˬ chaw ve ข้ามสะพาน chop ฟัน chaw ve (adj. intensifier, quite a lot) chaweh (maˇ chaweh) usually (rl) maˇ chaw ve awˍ sweet chawˉehˬ หวาน widow; divorced man or woman mehˇ chawˇ paˍ | ma พ่อม่ายแม่ม่าย fate hpaˆ saˆ naˆ xxxxxx pity, empathize (used near death) k'aw mehˇ ve สงสารที่สุด intelligent (quick-minded) uˉ nawꞈ nehˆ vaiˇ ve สมองไว put bad motive towards others tuˉ piˇ ve, tuˉ laˇ ve ใส่ร้าย good morning tu la oˬ laˇ อรูณสวัสดิ์ where do you come from nawˬ hkaˬ lo tu la le มาจากไหน all the way to (adv expression) hk'a tiˍ ehˬ จนสุดทาง as for me ngaˬ tiˉ k'o สำหรับฉัน police taꞈ noꞈ ตำรวจ address chehˇ ti ที่อยู่ challenge (i'm not challenging you.) taꞈ ve (nawˬ htaꞈ taꞈ ve maˇ heˆ) go to court suhˉ taꞈ ve be tired of + vb, mai wai leew vb & maˇ taˬ-oˬ enough (have you had enough riceˉ) taˬ ve (awˍ taˬ-oˬ laˇ) achievements, accomplishments taˇ heˆ taˇ ca not ready yet (to vb) vb & maˇ tanˇ sheˍ ไม่ว่าง for your sake nawˬ uˉ nawˬ tan ทำแทน a sharp tongue tawˇ juiˇ jaˇ ประชด stay still jui chehˇ ve ย้ายที่ practice ฝึก jawˬ ve practice writing liꞈ bvuhꞈ jawˬ ve topple over and fall a paˍ e ve i want this one! ngaˬ chi teˇ maˬ heuˆ a! ฉันจะเอาอันนี้ i'm going now. k'ai a shaˍ. ลาก่อน i'll do it by myself. ngaˬ teˇ g'aˇ tiˉ te a ฉันจะทำเอง try and (vb), plan to (vb) vb & a te try and (vb) vb & a nyi if one sets one's mind to vb+ing a laˇ k'o first, at first a k'awˉ ต้นลูกใหน ordinary, average a hk'e leˇ (ve chaw) ฟรี, เปล่าๆ for nothing a hk'e leˇ (hpu a hk'e leˇ yehˇ ve) ฟรี, เปล่าๆ spider a guˬ na gaˉ แมงมุม frost, ice a ngeu น้ำแข็ง enmity a canˇ ศัตรู have a feud w/each other a canˇ cawˬ daꞈ ve เป็นศัตรูกัน be better a ciˉ daꞈ ve ดีกว่า be much better a ciˉ daꞈ jaˇ ve ดีกว่ามาก a much better crossbow a ciˉ daꞈ jaˇ ve hkaˆ ธนูที่ดีกว่ามาก be much fatter than the villagers hkaˆ yaˇ a kehˉ a ciˉ chu jaˇ ve คนในหมู่บ้านที่อ้วนกว่ามาก please (teach me) a ciˉ (maˍ laˇ a) นิดหน่อย the fact is... a ciˉ k'o เกือบ not (vb) at all didn't put any money in at all a ciˉ kaꞈ maˇ (vb) phu a ciˉ kaꞈ maˇ keu a great deal of a ciˉ ceh maˇ heˆ ไม่ใช่แค่นิดหน่อย come very close to (vb)-ing maˇ (vb) a ciˉ tiˉ cha o เกือบ something fake a tuˆ ปลอม headman a dawˇ germ a naˬ shehˍ ma เชื้อโรค last year a nyi hk'awꞈ ปีที่แล้ว last night a nyi teˇ haˉ คืนวันก่อน don't worry, never mind a neˍ! ...(haˉ hkiˉ tuˬ maˇ cawˬ) ตกใจ something small, small quantity a piˉ nehˉ (ve vaꞈ) เด็กทารก days of our ancestors awˬ puˍ a pi co-e สมัยปู่ย่าตายาย (take) responsibility for a maˆ (hkanˍ ve) รับประกัน govt. minister a maꞈ lonˉ ข้าราชการ, ขุนนางใหญ่ give an order a miˆ piˇ ve ให้อนุญาต profit a me aꞈ taxes a moˇ (keu ve) ภาษี earn a living a shaꞈ hu ve เลี้ยงชีวิต which one of you two is olderˉ nawˬ huiˉ maˬ hk'aˬ ve teˇ g'aˇ a ciˉ a shaꞈ uiˍ ve le สองคนนี้ ใครอายุมากกว่ากัน anyone a shu kaꞈ ใครก็ตาม like everyone elsea a shu hk'a shuˍ place no importance on a yeˬ maˇ taˍ ไม่เอาเรื่อง, ไม่ถือสา please speak slowly/gently/softly a yehˉ yehˉ yaw a ค่อยๆ พูด for the future's sake a yehˉ yehˉ awˬ pon investment a laˇ กำไร lose investment a laˇ shonˇ ve ขาดทุน flag a lanˉ arrive early a lawˉ gaˬ la ve มาถึงก่อน practice, rehearse a lawˉ gu te teh ve เตรือมก่อน outdoors aˉ kaꞈ (yehˬ) ห้องน้ำ diarrhea ท้องเสีย aˉ kaꞈ lo ve housework aˉ hk'aw kanˉ งานบ้าน string, thread aˉ hkeh เชือก rope, strap aˉ caˆ เชือก chopstick aˉ cu ka ตะเกียบ pick axe aˉ ceˇ ขวาน whirlwind (tornadoˉ) aˉ caw le (lonˉ) หมุน stick aˉ taˬ ไม้เรียว small knife aˉ hteꞈ มีดเล็ก a knife can't whittle it's own handle aˉ hteꞈ tuˇ aˉ hteꞈ tiˬ maˇ g'a machete aˉ htaw ดาบ be awed, reverent aˉ naˬ โรค chew gum aˉ nawˇ behˇ ve เคี้ยวหมากฝรั่ง shade, shadow aˉ g'uiˬ ha เงา a swing aˉ yu peˬ ชิงช้า long life, longevity aˉ yuꞈ co paˇ a suprising thing anˇ tuˬ ve awˬ ceuˬ สิ่งประหลาด do you know what i'm sayingˉ ngaˬ k'oˆ ve nawˬ shiˍ aˬ laˇ สิ่งที่ฉันพูดคุณรู้ใหม no matter what aˬ htoꞈ ma awˬ ceuˬ htawˇ อะไรก็ตาม youngster aˬ neˬ tell a story a ponˍ k'awˍ ve a train aˬ miˍ lawˬ รถไฟ warm by the fire aˬ miˍ lehˬ ve ผิงไฟ or else aˬ muˬ เดี๋ยว don't lend this to him, or else he might ruin it chi yawˇ aꞈ taˇ ngaˍ piˇ, aˬ muˬ yawˇ te luˬ puiˉ aꞈ อย่าให้เขายืมเดี๋ยวเขาทำเสีย in a moment aˬ muˬ teˇ hkui เดี๋ยว almost, nearly aˬ laˬ hk'e ประมาณ about, approximately aˬ laˬ laˬ เกือบ oh no, aˬ loˬ poˬ htoˇ คำอุทาน entrust someone with something chiˇ aꞈ ve ยกให้ at the very least i awˍ ve htawˇ (10 g'aˇ laˬ tuˬ yoˬ hehˉ) อย่างน้อย get smaller and smaller i k'ai ve น้อยไป shrink, decrease i la ve น้อยลง put in only a little keu i ve ใส่น้อย an island iˉ kaˆ awˬ kaˍ lo cawˬ ve miˬ guiˬ เกาะกลางแม่น้ำ water pipe, hose iˉ kaˆ caˆ ลำธาร wash with water iˉ kaˆ chuiˇ ve ล้างด้วยน้ำ waterproof iˉ kaˆ htanˍ ve น้ำไม่รั่ว be damp iˉ kaˆ nu ve น้ำเน่าเสีย be wet iˉ kaˆ nehˆ ve เปียกน้ำ water bill iˉ kaˆ hpuˇ ฟองน้ำ dive into the water iˉ kaˆ buiˬ ve ดำน้ำ warm water iˉ kaˆ lehˬ น้ำอุ่น ride a horse iˉ mvuhˇ ciˇ ve ขี่ม้า blister, to มือพอง u ve get a blister on the hand laꞈ sheh u ve beginning of the year teˇ hk'awꞈ uˉ ตลอดปี unexpectantly, extemporaneously maˇ jawˬ maˇ hkehˆ ไม่ทันตั้งตัว for your sake; substitute for you nawˬ uˉ nawˬ tan ตัวแทน comb one's hair uˉ hkeh pui ve หวีผม braid the hair uˉ hkeh hpehˇ ve ปล่อยผม to give an example uˉ paˍ maˍ te maˍ ve ยกอุทาหรณ์ can you give me another exampleˉ uˉ paˍ maˍ awˬ suhˉ teˇ maˬ te maˍ laˇ hpehꞈ laˇ ยกตัวอย่างใหม่ได้ใหม a towel uˇ nyiˉ hpaˉ ceꞈ ผ้าโพกหัว send away peu-e ve ส่งออกไป overhear kaˇ e ve ได้ยิน cry out a warning kuˬ ve e ve ตะโกน interrogative eˬ (a shu eˬ) อุทาน(เห็นด้วย) have a contest, friendly competition en daꞈ ve แข่งขัน shampoo oˉ k'oˍ tsuhˇ tuˬ ve naꞈ tsuhˇ แชมพู cut one's hair oˉ k'oˍ noˆ ve ตัดผม save oneself oˉ k'oˍ ponˬ ve (puiˍ poiˇ ve) a spout (teakettle) oˉ k'oˍ meuˇ ปลาย hard headed oˉ k'oˍ heh ve หัวแข็ง blond hair oˉ k'oˍ shiˉ-ehˬ ผมสีเหลิอง skull oˉ koˆ กะโหลก from today on yaꞈ nyi tanˬ oˇ k'ai ve วันนี้เป็นต้นไป before next week oˇ teˇ shinˉ maˇ gaˬ sheˍ htaˇ ก่อนสัปดาห์นั้น yonder, overthere oˇ paˉ ฝั่งโน้น that much oˇ ma เท่านั้น that size oˇ hui ขณะนั้น that guy oˇ ve hpaˇ ของคนนั้น conceited, braggart yawˇ hk'aˇ yawˇ oꞈ ve on a large scale, in a big way uiˍ lonˉ o the biggest rice cake uiˍ lonˉ o ve awˍ hpuꞈ swiftly, intensely geꞈ e รวดเร็ว midwife ehˉ paw piˇ shehˍ ma ผู้ทำคลอด, หมอตำแย to have an abortion, miscarry ehˉ shawˆ ve แท็งลูก artificial satellite ha pa ehˉ ดวงจัทร์เสี้ยว ice cream ehˇsiˍkiˇmiˇ right away, at once teˇ pawˆ lehˬ ต่อไป make straight hteˇ-ehˬ te ve ซื่อตรง become red nyiˉ ehˬ hpehꞈ ve กลายเป็นสีแดง see clearly ba ehˬ mawˬ ve เห็นแสงสว่าง eat one's fill hk'a bvuhˆ ehˬ caˇ ve กินให้อิ่ม do properly hk'a dehꞈ ehˬ te ve ตั้งใจทำ get enough hk'a lawꞈ ehˬ heuˆ ve เอาแต่พอดี x-ray ehˆ seu leˇ (htawˬ ve) it's right, i tell you. cawˇ ve yoˬ ehꞈ neˍ ถูกแล้วแหละ look up in front of you! nawˬ na awˍ nyi ehꞈ grumble under one's breath ehꞈ lehꞈ ehꞈ lehꞈ te ve พูดในลำคอ make excuses awˉ ve อ้าง pull gun trigger nga le awˉ ve ไกรปืน bend something into a curve awˉ k'euˬ ve yoke for water buffalo awˉ k'aˍ ehˉ k'awehꞈ แอก leech awˉ k'aˍ veꞈ ปลิง leader, trailblazer awˉ lawˉ peuˍ paˍ ผู้นำหน้า square, rectangle awˇ ceˍ awˇ naˍ กรอบสี่เหลี่ยม(ความรู้) phillips head screwdriver awˇ ceˍ awˇ naˍ ve awˬ veꞈ suhˉ tuˬ น็อตสี่เหลี่ยม cube awˇ ceˍ awˇ fa สี่เหลี่ยมลูกบาศก์ doctrine, code of behavior awˬ liˇ awˬ k'a fork awˬ k'aˉ peh branch awˬ k'aˉ lehꞈ แตกหน่อ naked awˬ k'u nyi เปลือย something empty awˬ k'oˉ k'awehˇ ทำให้ว่างเปล่า hole awˬ k'oˍ ถือ per ve (teˇ ha pa ve nyiˇ pawˆ) shell (of egg) awˬ k'oˆ ด้าน(ไม่เกิด) a narrow path awˬ k'aw ehˉ ขวดเล็ก spend the night hpawˇ haˉ ve the middle (of the village) (hk'aˆ) awˬ k'aw ji ตรงกลาง horizontal, going clockwise awˬ k'oˉ lawˉ to vb sideways awˬ k'oˉ lawˉ te & vb (tell me) all the details awˬ k'awꞈ awˬ hk'eh (hto laˇ meh) เส้นหงิกงอ water channel g'uiˬ hk'aˇ ร่องน้ำชลประทาน to make a plan awˬ hk'aˇ gu ve วางแผน to be straightforward, be clear (of words) awˬ hk'aˇ hteˇ ve เส้นครง never teˇ pawˆ-ehˍ kaꞈ (maˇ k'ai jaw) ไม่เคยเลย holiday chehˇ nyi วันหยุดพัก to (vb) intensely feu (vb) ve ส่ง, ฝาก(สิ่งของ) protect, a protection htanˍ tuˬ ve โล่ to suspect, be suspicious htanˍ ve กำบัง work full time htaˇ kaˆ ve to limit of endurance, as much as one can stand hk'a jehˇ เต็มที่ branch (society) awˬ tcuhˉ pui ท่อน safe and happy place (red lahu) ti poˍ ti sha scientist mvuhˇ law miˬ law henˇ paˍ ดาลาศาสคร์ to entertain, put at ease ha lehˬ ha k'a te piˇ ve เต้มใจทำ do things properly ha leh paw ve ไม่มีที่ติ polite suggestion (just eat first.) (vb) ha (caˇ ha sheˍ.) embarrassing, disgraceful (how...!) ha caˬ ha laiˇ (aˬ) above, over; greater than awˬ hk'oˇ นอกจาก upstairs awˬ hk'oˇ teˇ htaiˍ ชั้นบน he is greater than all these people chaw chi hk'a peu-eˬ awˬ hk'oˇ ui' jaˇ ve ใหญ่กว่าใคร upwards of, more than (amount) tanˬ leh awˬ hk'oˇ taˆ-e ve i don't want to do it unless (i get) at least 1000 baht. teˇ hinˉ baꞈ tanˬ leh awˬ hk'oˇ taˆ e ve maˇ heˆ k'o, maˇ te gaˇ o k'oˆ ma ถ้าไม่มากกว่าหนี่งพันบาทไม่อยากทำ besides this; in addition to this chi awˬ hk'oˇ นอกจากนี้ even more importantly chi awˬ hk'oˇ htaꞈ htawˇ นอกจากนี้ there are two matters in addition to this. chi awˬ hk'oˇ awˬ lawn nyiˇ lawn k'awꞈ cawˬ shawˍ นอกจากนี้แล้วยังมีอีกสองเรื่อง point where something ends; edge, opening, mouth awˬ hk'oˇ meuˇ ปลายๆ rim of a glass kawˆ awˬ hk'oˇ meuˇ ปาก, ริม, ขอบขัน mouth of a cave haˉ k'oˍ hk'oˇ meuˇ ปากถ้ำ edge of a house yehˬ awˬ hk'oˇ meuˇ หลังคาบ้าน trench awˬ hk'oꞈ รอยบุ๋ม, บุบ feces; waste matter awˬ hk'ehˇ ของเสีย, มูล step; layer; stage in life or career awˬ hk'ehꞈ ขั้นตอน he reached the utmost stage of success on earth. miˬ guiˬ hk'oˆ paw sha kuiˬ awˬ leh meuˇ teˇ hk'ehꞈ gaˬ ve ceˇ เขาบอกว่าแผ่นดินโลกนี้เป็นที่รวยสุดๆ inside, the center awˬ hk'aw ข้างใน underground, in the ground miˬ guiˬ awˬ hk'aw ข้างในโลก inside and outside awˬ hk'aw awˬ baˬ ข้างในช้างนอก it's inside out. awˬ hk'aw kaꞈ awˬ baˬ hpehꞈ sheˍ ve กลับด้าน(ข้างในเป้นข้างนอก) add more to something k'awꞈ htehˍ piˇ ve เพิ่มเติม, แถม on one's way; enroute yaꞈ k'aw awˬ hk'aw lo ในถนน during the trip to bangkok koˇhteˆ k'ai ve yaꞈ k'aw awˬ hk'aw lo ในทางที่ไปกรุงเทพ a hole; an opening awˬ hk'aw รู to be hollow awˬ hk'aw k'oˍ ve รู้กว้าง innards of an animal awˬ hk'aw hk'awˇ เครื่องใน classifier for cloth hk'awˇ ปู(แผ่, ขยายที่พื้น) a strip of cloth awˬ hk'awˇ ma ตะเข็บ a young person awˬ hk'awꞈ i sheˍ ve chaw คนที่อายุน้อย an old person awˬ hk'awꞈ uiˍ-oˬ ve chaw คนที่อายุมาก future generations awˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ teˇ caꞈ naꞈ ชาติก่อน to be late awˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ leh ve มาสาย warm-heartedˉ nyi ma lehˍ ve ใจอุ่น tool; instrument; materials awˬ hkeun เครื่อง, อวัยวะ a ring; circumference of something awˬ hkaweh a bone; the bones awˬ kaˉ ku กระดูก the middle, between awˬ kaˍ กลาง person in the middle, middle-man awˬ kaˍ ve teˇ g'aˇ คนที่อยู่กลาง an island iˉ kaˆ awˬ kaˍ lo cawˬ ve miˬ guiˬ เกาะกลางน้ำ a middle-sized (n) awˬ kaˍ-ehˬ ve (n) ขนาดกลาง the middle awˬ kaˍ ji ตรงกลาง leave a space, interval awˬ kaˍ yaˉ ve ขยับตรงกลาง leave spaces in writing awˬ kaˍ yaˉ leh bvuhꞈ ve ขยับเขียนตรงกลาง mediate between awˬ kaˍ lehˉ jehˬ hawˍ piˇ ve ผู้ไกล่เกลี่ย a proper appearance, physical appearance awˬ kiˇ โก้, หรู to be a showoff awˬ kiˇ uiˍ ve อวดหล่อ, อวดสวย have poise and confidence awˬ kiˇ cawˬ ve มีความโก้หรู be good-looking, attractive awˬ kiˇ yaˍ ve หล่อ, เท่ dried fish ngaˇ ku ปลาแห้ง one's whole body awˬ ku awˬ caˆ fake, artificial awˬ kehˆ ปลอม transvestite, homosexual awˬ kehˆ ma ผู้หญิงปลอม, กระเทย (sleep) sideways awˬ kehˇ lehˇ (te zuhꞈ ve) customs and practices awˬ hiꞈ awˬ kawˇ snake venom vuiˬ kawˬ place below, south or west awˬ kui hpawˇ ทีใกล้ nearby place awˬ kui awˬ paˇ ใกล้ be brave awˬ kui cawˬ ve ดี(อวัยวะภายใน) a scar awˬ kuiˉ รอย, แผลเป็น the first person, most senior awˬ kawˬ teˇ g'aˇ คนแรก in the beginning awˬ kawˬ htaˇ เริ่มแรก fingerprints laꞈ naw hkaˉ นิ้วติด(นิ้วล็อก) framework (of a house) (yehˬ) awˬ hkaˆ ku โครงสร้าง(ของบ้าน) decorate something; make body neat and clean awˬ hkiˇ shawˍ ve (awˬ kiˇ) แต่งตัว adorn oneself; take great effort to improve appearance awˬ hkiˇ awˬ nganˇ te ve แต่งตัว cord, string awˬ hkeh ตัว, เส้น animal horn awˬ hkaw เขาสัตว์ buffalo horn awˬ k'aˍ hkaw เขาวัว sound awˬ hkawˇ เสียง to hear a sound awˬ hkawˇ kaˇ ve ได้ยินเสียง faint sound awˬ hkawˇ ngehˉ ve เสียงแหลม a sound (tape) recorder awˬ hkawˇ keu tuˬ ที่ใส่เสียง to make a noise sounded out (gossip) awˬ hkawˇ bvuhˬ ve เสียงดัง echo awˬ hkawˇ ho-e ve เสียงสะท้อน there's no echo here. choˬ kaꞈ awˬ hkawˇ maˇ ho ที่นี่ไม่สะท้อนเสียง what a nice voice! awˬ hkawˇ daꞈ jaˇ เสียงไพเราะ in brief, to make a long story short awˬ hkawˇ a ciˉ ciˉ k'oˆ k'o คำสรุปความ head entry, title awˬ hkawˇ awˬ lonˉ ma หัวข้อ recite the words awˬ hkawˇ k'awˍ ve talk too much, talkative awˬ hkawˇ maˇ ve พูดมาก one word; syllable awˬ hkawˇ teˇ maˬ เสียงแรก, คำแรก one sentence, clause awˬ hkawˇ teˇ cawˆ เสียงหนึ่งประโยค high and low pitch hkawˇ mvuh hkawˇ nehˬ เครื่องหมายเสียงสูง-ต่ำ mid tone awˬ hkawˇ awˬ k'awˉ ji เสียงกลาง collect tax awˬ hkawˍ g'awˆ ve เก็บภาษี flavor, good taste awˬ hkui รสชาติ good sense (what they're saying makes no sense.) awˬ hkui (yawˇ hui k'oˆ chehˇ ve awˬ hkui maˇ cawˬ) ไม่มีรสชาติ leg, foot, track, footprint awˬ hkui ขา, เท้า follow tracks awˬ hkui chaw ve รสหวาน human footprints chaw awˬ hkui รอยเท้าคน pillar, post awˬ hkui daw ตอ, หลัก the foot of, base of awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ เสา foot of a mountain hk'aw hkuiˉ puiˍ เนินเขา, เชิงเขา lay a foundation awˬ hkuiˉ pui teh ve วางแผน, เริ่ม foreward, beginning of book liꞈ awˬ hkuiˉ pui ตัวหนังสือแรก prefix awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ hkawˇ คำเริ่มต้น, บทนำ capital city, principal town venˇ awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ เมืองหลวง fertile ground miˬ hkuiˇ ดินดี son's wife, daughter-in-law awˬ hkuiˇ ma ลูกสะใภ้ a stripe, a pattern awˬ gaꞈ ลาย dried fish ngaˇ awˬ goˇ hkehˆ ปลาแห้ง raised bruises, welts awˬ gawˇ awˬ leˆ รอยตี, รอยพกช้ำ have a bumpy surface awˬ gawˇ awˬ gawˇ lawˇ k'ai ve โน, บวม(รอยเฆี่ยน) skin (of person); hide (of animal) awˬ guiˬ k'uˉ ผิวหนัง circumcise awˬ guiˬ meuˇ shoˍ baˬ ve ทำสุหนัต root awˬ geu ราก fishing net awˬ geuꞈ แห act responsibly awˬ ngaw te ve พอใช้ได้ a married couple, a pair of parents awˬ ca คู่ a string awˬ caˆ เส้น have a vasectomy hawˉ hk'aˆ awˬ caˆ tawˆ ve ทำหมันชาย continuously, without a break awˬ caˆ maˇ chehˆ ไม่ขาดสาย he keeps work uniterruptedly. awˬ caˆ maˇ chehˆ leh kanˉ te chehˬ ve have muscle cramps awˬ caˆ g'awˬ ve ตะคิว to be stiff and sore awˬ caˆ sui naˬ ve เหมื่อยตัว machine awˬ caꞈ เครื่องจักร, various things awˬ caꞈ awˬ ceuˬ ชนิด name awˬ ci awˬ meh ชื่อ tooth awˬ ciˬ ฟัน a group awˬ moˍ awˬ cuˇ กลุ่ม an arrow awˬ ce manservant, maidservant awˬ ceˬ paˍ, awˬ ceˬ ma ทาสชายทาสหญิง a corner, angle awˬ ceˍ มุม triangle shehˆ ceˍ shehˆ naˬ สามเหลี่ยม seek a mate awˬ ceh ca ve หาคู่ opposite words, paired words awˬ ceh hkawˇ twin yaˇ cehˬ k'a ฝาแฝด plant awˬ cehˬ ไม้ยืนต้น a ring, circle, circuit awˬ caw หมุน around the house yehˬ awˬ caw บ้านหมุน make something revolve, spin awˬ caw te hpuˆ ve หมุนกลับ marrow awˬ caw paw ไขกระดูก spinal cord cawꞈ tcuhˉ g'awˇ awˬ hk'aw ve awˬ caw paw กระดูกไขข้อ wrinkles awˬ cawˉ tehˆ ยับยู้ยี่ make a broken, dotted line maiˉ na awˬ cawˆ awˬ cawˆ juˆ ve a joint, section awˬ tcuhˉ ข้อต่อ joints and ligaments awˬ tcuhˉ awˬ caˆ เส้นเอ็น dislocate a joint awˬ tcuhˉ jiˆ ve ข้อเคลื่อน have joint pain, arthritis awˬ tcuhˉ naˬ ve ปวดข้อ boundary, border awˬ tcuhˉ kaˍ เขตแดน headquarters awˬ tcuhˉ pui สำนักงานใหญ่ raw food, something raw awˬ tcuhˇ ดิบ have a permanent place to live awˬ ti awˬ tcuhˆ cawˬ ve มีหลักมีฐาน a permanent place to live chehˇ kuiˬ awˬ ti awˬ tcuhˆ ที่อยู่ถาวร to breed awˬ ceuˬ te ve ทำพันธุ์ how many generations of your lineage do you knowˉ nawˬ awˬ ceuˬ awˬ hk'aˇ hk'a nyiˇ co-e shiˍ ve le คุณรู้จักรบรรพบุรุษกี่ชั่วอายุ is there anything you want to askˉ na nyi gaˇ ve awˬ ceuˬ cawˬ laˇ มีอะไรอยากถามใหม he can eat anything at all. yawˇ awˬ ceuˬ teˇ ceuˬ le le caˇ hpehꞈ ve เขากินได้ทุกสิ่งทุกอย่าง this one, this thing, demonstrative interjection eg “okay now, hey, look here...” awˬ chi fat (on body) awˬ chu ไขมัน, อ้วน has no flavor awˬ cheh maˇ cawˬ ไม่มีรสชาติ be spicy, well-spiced awˬ cheh cheh ve รสจัด one's fellow villagers hk'aˆ chawˇ lawˬ paˆ เพื่อนบ้าน hey, friend! awˬ chawˇ nawˬ aˬ lungs awˬ chuiˇ ปอด edge, border, boundary awˬ jaˇ ริม all around the village hk'aˆ jaˇ hk'aˆ ji รอบหมู่บ้าน a cubit awˬ jaˆ มาตราวัด(ศอก) a drop awˬ jaˆ (iˉ kaˆ teˇ jaˆ) หยด(น้ำ) urine (bladder) awˬ juiˇ (hpoˇ) ปัสวะ substitute, replacement, symbol awˬ tan ตัวแทน assume someone else's responsibilities awˬ tan hkanˍ ve รับประกัน a stripe awˬ ta father's older brother, uncle awˬ taˉ te ลุง what grade have you reached in schoolˉ nawˬ awˬ tanˇ hk'aˇ nyiˇ tanˇ gaˬ oˬ le คุณเรียนอยู่ชั้นอะไร flower stem, stalk awˬ veˆ taˬ ก้านดอกไม้ boundry (cross) awˬ taꞈ (hkanˍ ve) apprentice awˬ taꞈ pehnˇ ลูกน้อง no basis awˬ ti maˇ cawˬ ไม่มีที่ site for a house yehˬ te kuiˬ awˬ ti สถานที่สร้างบ้าน be alive awˬ teꞈ teꞈ ve มีชีวิตอยู่ capture alive awˬ teꞈ teꞈ yuˬ g'a ve จับเป็น (whole) body awˬ to (awˬ ma) ตัว, ร่างกาย we ourselves ngaˬ hui ve awˬ to ตัวของเรา to (vb) personally (ngaˬ) awˬ to k'ai leh (v) ไปแต่ตัว to be in stacks awˬ toˆ awˬ toˆ hpehꞈ ve เป็นชั้นๆ to seek the truth awˬ tehˬ ca ve หาจริงจัง really awˬ tehˬ tehˬ (lehˬ) จริงๆ the truth awˬ tehˬ ma ความจริง seam (of a garment) awˬ tehˬ luˇ ตะเข็บ a short person chaw tehꞈ nehˉ คนเตี้ย in sections; at intervals awˬ tawn awˬ tawn เป็นวรรค, เป็นตอน cut bamboo into sections vaˇ awˬ tawn tawn nehˉ tawˆ ve ตัดไม้ไผ่เป็นท่อนๆ castration awˬ tawnˇ ทำหมัน castration chaw awˬ tawnˇ ขันที to the bottom of one's heart nyi ma awˬ tawˬ hk'a gaˬ สุดหัวใจ the bottom side awˬ tawˬ hpawˇ ด้านล่าง a step, stair awˬ tawˬ nawˆ สัน poison (ous) awˬ tawꞈ ma (cawˬ ve) พิษ ownership papers, registration awˬ htanˉ to protect with a shield awˬ htanˍ htanˍ ve ปกป้องโดยใช้โล่ surface awˬ htaꞈ ข้างบน be superior to others shu awˬ htaꞈ hk'eh ve package, something wrapped up awˬ htiˆ ห่อข้าว righteously, in a moral way awˬ hteˇ awˬ seu story (of a building) awˬ htehꞈ nehꞈ ชั้นอาคาร something wild, grows wild awˬ hteunˍ เถื่อน wild red raspberry a lawˇ nyiˉ hteunˍ a layer, level awˬ htaiˍ ชั้น line up, form a queue awˬ htewˉ te ve เข้าแถว someone callous to his evil ways, no conscience awˬ daˍ nawꞈ ve chaw ด้าน(ไม่มีความรู้สึก, นิสัยไม่ดี) grandchild awˬ duˬ หลาน barrel of a rifle ngaˆ awˬ dehˍ rocket sho dehˍ lonˉ กระบอกเหล็กใหญ่ waterpipe iˉ kaˆ dehˍ กระบอกน้ำ swarm awˬ dawˇ pui กร้าม straight ahead, north, upper part awˬ na (hpawˇ) ทิศเหนือ, ด้านบน be upside down awˬ na kaꞈ awˬ hawˉ hpehꞈ sheˍ ve กลับหัวกลับหาง nose awˬ naˍ hk'awˇ pitch black, utter darkness awˬ naˆ awˬ k'ehˉ it's a good day. there's a good day for it. yaꞈ nyi awˬ nyi daꞈ-aˬ วันนี้อากาศดี younger relatives awˬ nyi awˬ naˉ น้องๆ naked awˬ nyi k'u rib awˬ nyi kuˇ กระดูกซี่โครง other friends awˬ nu ve awˬ chawˇ เพื่อนอื่น hereafter chi awˬ nu จากนี้ไป other ones, different ones awˬ nu awˬ na อื่นๆ (the mountain) after next awˬ nu paˉ (teˇ hk'aw) ถัดไป the month after next awˬ nu paˉ teˇ ha pa เดือนต่อไป niece awˬ nuˍ ma finger, toe awˬ naw สีเชียว when it's little it wears green; when it's big it wears red. what is itˉ a chili pepper. i htaˇ k'o, awˬ naw veuꞈ ve= ui la k'o awˬ nyi veuꞈ ve, aˬ ma le. aˉ hpehꞈ shiˍ เมื่อเล็กใส่สีเชียวเมื่อใหญ่ใส่สีแดง คืออะไร พริก. stepfather awˬ pa caˉ พ่อเลี้ยง if parents have it, children will have it generation after generation awˬ pa awˬ e cawˬ k'o, awˬ yaˇ htawˇ teˇ caˉ peuˬ teˇ caˉ cawˬ tuˬ ve yoˬ. ถ้ามีพ่อแม่ ลูกก็มีลูกต่อๆ ไป a side, political party awˬ paˉ ฝ่าย(การเมือง) near (the house) yehˬ (awˬ paˇ) ใกล้บ้าน a place nearby awˬ paˇ awˬ kui รอบข้าง neighbors awˬ paˇ awˬ kui chehˇ ve chaw คนทที่อยู่รอบข้าง friend, neighbor awˬ chawˇ awˬ paˆ เพื่อนกัน do something compulsively, unable to stop awˬ paꞈ taꞈ maˇ cawˬ, awˬ moꞈ maˇ cawˬ (grandmother), mother-in-law awˬ pi (lonˉ) ย่า,เ ยาย be talkative, blabbermouth awˬ pi caˆ zuhˬ ve พูดยืดยาว something old; ancient awˬ piˍ (awˬ shaˍ) เก่า to be back to one's old self awˬ piˍ piˍ hk'e k'awꞈ hpehꞈ ve เหมือนอันเดิม share, portion awˬ pun ส่วน larva, germ awˬ puˇ ma เชื้อโรค a pom-pom on garment awˬ puˬ lu teˇ shiˍ (grandfather), father-in-law awˬ puˍ (lonˉ) ปู่ ancestors, grandparents awˬ puˍ awˬ pi ปู่ตายาย this stink is very strong. awˬ peꞈ chi nuˬ jaˇ กลิ่นนี้เหม็นมาก to have a pleasant odor awˬ peꞈ hawˉ ve กลิ่นหอม receptacle, container awˬ po กล่อง,รังผึ้ง,บ่อปลา (after nouns) for n, for n's sake awˬ pon สำหรับ, เพื่อ for the future's sake a yehˉ yehˉ awˬ pon สำหรับ ช้าๆ it's very good for the body. awˬ to awˬ pon daꞈ jaˇ เพื่อสุขภาพดี have you finished for todayˉ yaꞈ nyi awˬ pon peuˬ oˬ laˇ จบสำหรับวันนี้ great-great-grandchild awˬ ponˍ มื้อ an alcoholic tzuhˬ ponˍ ขี้เหล้า a verse, stanza of song, poem awˬ puꞈ บรรทัด,บท ear naˍ paw หู on many occasions awˬ pawˆ maˇ chaweh หลายครั้ง make a knot awˬ pui te ve over three years shehˆ hk'awꞈ hpaˆ สามปีกว่า something additional, supplementary thing awˬ hpaˆ awˬ leuˉ เกินหรือกว่า something white awˬ hpu หัว พืช foam, bubbles awˬ hpuˇ ราคา how much is thisˉ chi ve awˬ hpfuhˇ hk'aˍ ma le อันนี้ราคาเท่าไร to be low-priced, cheap awˬ hpfuhˇ i ve ราคาต่ำ to bet, gamble, wager awˬ hpfuhˇ keu daꞈ ve ประมูล to discount, lower price awˬ hpfuhˇ yawnˇ ve ลดราคา monthly salary ha pa hpfuhˇ เงินดือน outside, elsewhere (outsider) awˬ baˬ hpawˇ (chaw) คนนอก not be a full baht's worth awˬ baꞈ maˇ biˇ ve ไม่เต็มบาท a leopard laˇ bvuhꞈ เสือดาว advantage, benefit, luck awˬ bon ประโยชน์, พร be of not further use/benefit awˬ bon maˇ kaꞈ cawˬ good fortune awˬ bon awˬ hk'awˍ nice to see you. thank you awˬ bon uiˍ jaˇ ขอบคุณมาก seek a blessing awˬ bon ca ve หาโชค body hair, fur awˬ mvuh ขน lose hair, hair falls out awˬ mvuh piˬ ve ขนล่วง moss awˬ mvuh lu ขน the whole skeleton, every bone teˇ to ve awˬ mvuhꞈ ku โคลงกระดุก a bone awˬ mvuhꞈ kaˉ ku teˇ maˬ กระดุกหนึ่งซี่ to smell of filth awˬ meˇ nuˬ ve ตัวเหม็น have a bad reputation awˬ meꞈ awˬ hponˇ maˇ daꞈ ชื่อเสียงไม่ดี a party of people, group awˬ moˍ กลุ่ม call someone by name awˬ meh htaꞈ kuˬ ve ชื่อเสียงเลื่องลือ to name awˬ meh meh ve ตั้งชื่อ a notable personality awˬ meh cawˬ paˍ ผู้มีชื่อ lose face, lose reputation awˬ meh luˬ ve เสียชื่อ disgrace someone, ruin reputation awˬ meh luˬ tuˬ te ve ทำลายชื่อเสียง something cooked awˬ meh ชื่อ a tail awˬ mehˍ tu หาง back part, rear awˬ mehˍ hpawˇ ส่วนหลัง, ส่วนท้าย dot, point awˬ mehˆ จุด to spell awˬ mehˆ pawnˇ ve สะกดตัวอักษร a letter liꞈ mehˆ ตัวหนังสือ, จดหมาย exclamation mark anˇ ve awˬ mehˆ เครื่องหมายอุทาน colon mark awˬ lawn maˍ piˇ tuˬ ve awˬ mehˆ เครื่องหมายโคล่อน(ˇ) period, full stop hk'aˬ lawn chi lawn peuˬ ve awˬ mehˆ ฟูลสต็อฟ(.) hyphen caˉ daꞈ kuiˬ ve awˬ mehˆ ไฮเฟ็น(-) parentheses pawˍ kuiˬ juˆ maˍ ve awˬ mehˆ วงเล็บ() semi-colon g'a jehˇ kuiˬ ve awˬ mehˆ เซมิโคลอน(ˬ) comma shaˉ g'awˬ kuiˬ ve awˬ mehˆ คอมมา(,) quotation marks shu hkawˇ yuˬ yaw htaˇ awˬ kaˍ tawˍ ve awˬ mehˆ เครื่องหมายคำถาม(ˉ) profit awˬ mehꞈ be suitable, right for the situation awˬ mawꞈ cawˇ ve พอดี it's exactly one cubit long zuhˬ ve awˬ mawꞈ teˇ jaˆ hk'e te ve yoˬ ยาวประมาณหนึ่งศอก powder awˬ meu ละเอียด, ผง point of a knife aˉ htaw awˬ meuˇ ปลายมีด a tame animal shaˍ awˬ meuˇ ปศุสัตว์ think something through gradually awˬ meuˇ awˬ meuˇ dawˇ pawnˍ la ve คิดออกทีละนิด myriads, thousands upon thousands awˬ meunˍ awˬ hinˉ เป็นพันเป็นหมื่น a mark, a line awˬ maiˉ ทำเครี่องหมาย form, image, picture awˬ han รูปภาพ map miˬ guiˬ awˬ han แผนที่ to perform a play, drama awˬ han te maˍ ve ละคร a movie awˬ han teꞈ ภาพยนต์ a theater awˬ han teꞈ yehˬ take a picture awˬ han htawˍ ve ถ่ายรูป a camera awˬ han htawˍ tuˬ กล้องถ่ายรูป draw lots, pick token awˬ han hkaˆ ve จับฉลากรูปภาพ have a vision awˬ han hk'aw mawˬ ve เห็นในรูปภาพ personality, character awˬ hiꞈ awˬ hk'aˇ customs and practices awˬ hiꞈ awˬ hk'awˇ sign, omen, symbol awˬ heˆ สัญลักณ์ question mark na nyi hk'awˇ ve awˬ heˆ เครื่องหมายคำถาม(ˉ) eat together in a big group teˇ geh awˬ ho caˇ ve กินด้วยกัน leader awˬ hoˉ หัวหน้า first thing obtained, firstfruits awˬ hoˉ maˉ superficially, only in appearance awˬ hoꞈ awˬ han tiˉ ลักษณะเดียวเท่านั้น strength, energy, vital force awˬ hehnˇ awˬ shaˉ กำลังวังชา a heavy weight, strength, energy, a brace awˬ hehnˇ เรื่ยวแรง to have to carry a heavy weight awˬ hehnˇ g'a pfuhˇ ve แบกภาระหนัก under, lower part awˬ hawˉ ข้างใต้ six or seven days at most hk'awꞈ nyi suhˍ nyi chi awˬ hawˉ awˍ หลังจากหกเจ็ดวัน south (of chiang mai), west (ceˇmayˬ) awˬ hawˉ paˉ (เชียงใหม่)ใต้ what does this one weighˉ chi lehˬ awˬ hawˇ hk'aˬ ma le นี้หนักเท่าใหร่ wax, beeswax awˬ hawˍ ไข(ทำเทียน) a swarm of insects or vermin awˬ hawˍ dawˇ ฝูง, กลุ่ม(ผึ้งมาเป็นฝูง) a swarm of mosquitoes puiˉ awˬ hawˍ dawˇ ฝูงยุง how many rai of land do you haveˉ awˬ hai hk'aˬ nyiˇ hai cawˬ le ไร่มีกี่ไร่ a scar awˬ haiˇ แผลเป็น evil awˬ haiˬ ชั่ว, รุนแรง grandchild awˬ hawehˍ เหลน grandchildren and great-grandchildren awˬ hawehˍ awˬ haˆ หลานเหลน strength, power, labor, manpower awˬ g'aˇ กำลังวังชา strong, energetic awˬ g'aˇ uiˍ ve มีกำลังมาก do exercises awˬ g'aˇ caw ve ออกกำลังกาย exercises awˬ g'aˇ caw tuˬ ที่ออกกำลังกาย apply all one's strength to something awˬ g'aˇ zuhˇ ve a gearshift, clutch pedal awˬ g'aˇ pa tuˬ เปลี่ยนเกียร์ give encouragement awˬ g'aˇ peꞈ laˇ ve เสริมกำลัง exhausted awˬ g'aˇ peuˬ ve หมดแรง tired, exhausted awˬ g'aˬ heuˬ ve เหนื่อย receive encouragement awˬ g'aˇ yuˬ ve รับกำลัง exert strength awˬ g'aˇ yuˬ tawˆ ve แสดงพลัง in front of (the house), forwards (yehˬ) awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ ข้างหน้า face-to-face, facing one another awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ hpfuhˆ tawˍ daꞈ ve leader, one who takes the lead awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ peuˍ paˍ ผู้นำหน้า in the past awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ htaˇ ก่อนน้ before this, before now chi awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ htaˇ ก่อนหน้านี้ arrive in advance awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ gaˬ la ve มาถึงก่อน after this, from now on awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ k'o to proceed awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ te ve ทำก่อน in the future awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ hpawˇ ข้วงหน้า next week awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ ve teˇ shinˉ สปดาห์แรก future still before us, that which is ordained cawˬ taˍ ve awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ อนาคตที่มี guts awˬ g'uˬ intestines awˬ g'uˬ tehꞈ ลำใส้ small intestine awˬ g'uˬ tehꞈ ehˉ ลำใส้เล็ก appendix ("extra intestine") awˬ g'uˬ tehꞈ awˬ lawehˉ large intestine awˬ g'uˬ tehꞈ lonˉ ลำใส้ใหญ่ melt, become a liquid awˬ g'uiˬ hpehꞈ ve เป็นน้ำ light, luster awˬ g'euˆ แสงสว่าง radiate light, shed light upon awˬ g'euˆ pfuhˬ ve สว่าง,แสงจ้า be in the shade mvuhˇ nui g'euˆ baˬ kuiˬ แสงอาทิตย์ air, breath, gas, steam awˬ shaˉ ไอน้ำ, อากาศ to breath, take a breath awˬ shaˉ g'awˬ ve หายใจ wind blows gently awˬ shaˉ hpeuˇ hpeuˇ k'ai ve ลมพัดแผ่วๆ to bathe in sauna awˬ shaˉ muiˬ ve ลมควัน(อบควัน) good smell awˬ shaˉ daꞈ ve กลิ่นดี, หอม smell bad, stink awˬ shaˉ nuˬ ve กลิ่นเหม็น, เหม็น liquor to be strong, 'have kick' awˬ shaˉ bvuhˆ ve เมากลิ่น meat, fleah awˬ shaˍ เนี้อ a muscle awˬ shaˍ diˬ กล้ามเนื้อ skin chapped awˬ shaˍ peꞈ ve ผิวแตก have a healthy look awˬ shaˍ laꞈ nyi daꞈ ve nephew awˬ shaˍ paˍ หลานชาย something yellow, orange, brown, gold awˬ shi เหลือง favor, blessing, inheritence awˬ shinˉ มรดก heir awˬ shinˉ g'a caˇ ve chaw ผู้รับมรดก pronunciation awˬ shiˉ paˉ color awˬ shiˉ สี classifier for round objects shiˍ ลูก(ผลไม้) a rash awˬ shiˍ ผลไม้ this vegetable grows wild, no one plants it. g'aw caˉ chi awˬ sheˉ yoˬ, chaw maˇ ti ผักนี้โตตามธรรมชาติไม่มีคนปลูก rod, shaft, screw awˬ sheh สลัก axle, large shaft awˬ sheh lonˉ สลักใหญ่ liver awˬ sheh ตับ man's, woman's body awˬ sheh hpaˇ, awˬ sheh ma เจ้าของชาย,หญิง owner, performer of an action awˬ shehˍ hpaˇ ผู้เป็นเจ้าของ household head yehˬ shehˍ hpaˇ เจ้าของบ้าน germ, microbe a naˬ shehˍ ma เชื้อโรค scales awˬ shehˆ เกล็ด(ของสัตว์) a new house yehˬ awˬ suhˉ บ้านใหม่ to restore something, renew awˬ suhˉ k'awꞈ gu te ve ทำใหม่, แก้ไข next week awˬ suhˉ teˇ shinˉ สัปดาห์ถัดไป another one awˬ suhˉ teˇ maˬ อันใหม่ another house yehˬ awˬ suhˉ teˇ yehˬ บ้านหลังใหม่ blood awˬ suhˍ เลือด be in good health awˬ suhˍ awˬ shaˍ daꞈ ve เลือดลมดี be related by blood awˬ suhˍ awˬ shaˍ k'aw daꞈ ve เลือดลมดีชึ้น physically, materially awˬ suhˍ awˬ shaˍ hpawˇ ด้านเนื้อหนัง vein, artery awˬ suhˍ caˆ เส้นเลือด an injection awˬ suhˍ caˆ juˆ ve ฉีดเข้าเส้นเลือด blood circulates awˬ suhˍ caw k'ai ve เลือดหมุนเวียน have high blood pressure awˬ suhˍ taˆ hehnˇ ve ความดันสูง to spill blood awˬ suhˍ sheˆ ve ตกเลือด, เสียเลือด a color awˬ sheuˉ สี youngest daughter awˬ yaˇ miˇ leh ลูกสาว son (respectful) awˬ yaˇ hpo from time to time awˬ yanˇ awˬ yanˇ k'o เป็นช่วงๆ while there's still time awˬ yanˇ cawˬ shawˍ htaˇ เมื่อคำนวนเวลา delay, postpone awˬ yanˇ jiˆ ve เลื่อนเวลา set a time, make an appointment, fix a time awˬ yanˇ tiˍ taˍ ve กำหนดเวลา at the same time, simultaneously, meanwhile awˬ yanˇ teˇ yanˇ tiˉ awˬ hk'aw lo ในเวลาเดียวกัน temporarily teˇ hkui teˇ yanˇ tiˉ ชั่วคราว spend time, devote time to awˬ yanˇ peuˬ ve หมดเวลา at the wrong time awˬ yanˇ maˇ heˆ htaˇ ไม่ใช่เวลา late awˬ yanˇ leh ve สาย baby (animal) awˬ yehˇ ehˉ ลูกเล็ก vowel liꞈ awˬ yehˇ สระ plant seed awˬ yawˇ ti ve ปลูกเมล็ดพันธุ์ to be in heat awˬ yawˇ เมล็ดพันะ make a racket, comossion awˬ yawˆ yawˆ ve surface, face awˬ fa cube awˬ fa awˬ fa la stomach awˬ fuiˉ k'oˍ กระเพาะอาหาร a trap for animals awˬ va กับดัก great-great-great-grandchild awˬ vaˇ หล่อน(ลูกของเหลน) older sibling, cousin awˬ viˉ พี่ real relatives awˬ viˉ awˬ nyi tehˬ tehˬ พี่น้อง(พ่อแม่เดียวกัน) a fool, doesn't look for sharp/blunt edge awˬ viˇ awˬ nawˬ maˇ ca ve chaw คนไม่คิดหน้าไม่คิดหลัง flower awˬ veˆ ดอก screwdriver awˬ veꞈ suhˉ tuˬ ไขควง a screw awˬ vehꞈ สลักเกลียว a load, burden, guilt awˬ vuiˬ ภาระ lay responsibility on someone awˬ vuiˬ pfuhˍ ve มอบเหมาย take responsibility awˬ vuiˬ pfuhˇ ve รับผิดชอบ a million awˬ lanˬ ล้าน a kidney awˬ laˇ shiˍ ไต helper, apprentice, disciple awˬ laꞈ g'awˇ สาวก rule, law, custom, tradition awˬ liˇ กฎหมาย a custom of the elders, tradition chaw mawˇ awˬ liˇ ประเพณี woman's period ha pa awˬ liˇ, yaˇ miˇ awˬ liˇ ประจำเดือน(ระดู) doctrine, laws, code of behavior awˬ liˇ awˬ k'a กฏ, คำสั่งสอน foreign customs, other's laws shu liˇ shu k'a ประเพณีของคนอื่น teachings, precepts awˬ liˇ awˬ k'a hkawˇ behavior, code of conduct awˬ liˇ awˬ hk'aˇ ความประพฤติ correct someone's behavior, discipline awˬ liˇ awˬ hk'aˇ gu piˇ ve แก้ไขความประพฤติ,อบรมวินัย a new policy, law awˬ liˇ awˬ suhˉ กฏหมายใหม่ culture, way of life awˬ liˇ awˬ law วัฒนธรรม menstruate, period awˬ liˇ chuiˇ ve illegal, improper awˬ liˇ htaꞈ maˇ cawˇ ผิดกฏหมาย reasonable, make sense awˬ liˇ hawˍ ve break a rule awˬ liˇ yaꞈ ve ผิดกฎหมาย observe a rule awˬ liˇ yehˇ ve ใช้กฎหมาย cigarette, cigar shuˉ leꞈ บุหรี่ a dozen awˬ lonˉ โหล the majority, main thing awˬ lonˉ ma หัวเรื่อง usually, generally awˬ lonˉ ma awˍ generally speaking awˬ lonˉ ma k'oˆ k'o awˍ i know about it in general, the gist of it. awˬ lonˉ ma lehˬ shiˍ-aˬ รู้หัวเรื่อง a giant chaw lonˉ ma ยักษ์ womb, uterus awˬ lawˬ the last time awˬ leh teˇ yanˇ ช่วงสุดท้าย, สมัยสุดท้าย to the end awˬ leh hk'a gaˬ ถึงที่สุด, ถึงอวสาน infinite, endless awˬ leh maˇ cawˬ ไม่สิ้นสุด the very last one awˬ leh leh ปลายๆ it's a very sad subject haˍ jaˇ ve awˬ lawn yoˬ. เรื่องยาก political news, current events mvuhˇ miˬ awˬ lawn ข่าวการเมือง situation, state of affairs awˬ lawn awˬ hk'aˇ สถานการณ์, เรื่องราว it's because, the reason is... awˬ lawn k'o, awˬ lawn k'oˆ k'o เพราะว่า to be to one's liking, interests awˬ lawn cawˇ ve เรื่องที่ถูกต้อง something additional awˬ hpaˆ awˬ leuˉ ส่วนเกิน wastebasket mawˇ awˬ leuˉ g'awˆ keu tuˬ ถังขยะ a second helping of curry awˬ chiˇ awˬ lawehˉ กับข้าว appendix awˬ g'uˬ tehˆ awˬ leuˉ ใส้ติ่ง fail a test liꞈ na maˇ awnˬ สอบตก pass an exam, promoted henˇ awnˬ ve เรียนจบ be promoted one grade teˇ tanˇ henˇ awnˬ ve จบป.หนึ่ง dinner mvuhˇ hpehꞈ awˍ อาหารเย็น breakfast mvuhˇ shawˉ awˍ อาหารเช้า lunch sha g'uˇ awˍ อาหารเที่ยง rice noodles awˬ hkeh เส้นก๋วยเตี๋ยว feed someone awˍ caˍ ve ให้อาหาร invite someone to a meal awˬ kuˬ caˍ ve เชิญมากินข้าว soup awˬ chiˇ g'uiˬ น้ำแกง, ต้มจืด kitchen awˍ te caˇ kuiˬ ห้องครัว cooked rice awˍ meh ข้าวสุก be hungry awˍ meuꞈ ve หิว fried rice awˍ hu ve ข้าวผัด weakly (adverb) hk'a awˍ ehˬ at the house yehˬ awˍ another place awˬ kanˍ awˬ nu awˍ for example... uˉ paˍ maˍ te k'o awˍ ตัวอย่าง so..., then..., thereupon... hk'e te leh awˍ hk'e ดังนั้น as for today, today now... yaꞈ nyi awˍ hk'e leh วันนี้ก็... big, large, great uiˍ ve ใหญ่ be strong awˬ g'aˇ uiˍ ve แข็งแรง proud (neg.), courageous nyi ma uiˍ ve มั่นใจ, ใจป้ำ, กล้าหาญ have a big belly, pregnant g'oˇ peˬ uiˍ ve ท้องใหญ่ older sister's husband, senior brother-in-law awˬ maˉ paˍ uiˍ เขยใหญ่ important person, official chaw uiˍ คนใหญ่ ask for a promotion, advancement lawˬ uiˍ ve a place where important people are, important place uiˉ kuiˬ grow fast uiˍ sha mvuh sha ve โตเร็ว the most high uiˍ shehˍ mvuh shehˍ hpaˇ ผู้สูงสุด to progress, advance in life uiˍ la mvuh la ve เติบโต the biggest (n) uiˍ lonˉ o ve (n) คนใหญ่นั้น eat a lot, big eater caˇ uiˍ ve กินจุ, ตะกละ cry out in warning kuˬ ve euˇ ve to pour out euˬ (baˬ) ve เทออก, เททิ้ง to pour into euˬ keu ve เทใส่ to hiccup euˆ muiˬ ve to burp euꞈ euꞈ te ve sing in harmony k'a hawˍ daꞈ ve ร้องประสานเสียง sing k'a ve ร้องเพลง sing for someone k'a maˍ laˇ ve ร้องให้ฟัง to sing, recite a poem k'a muiˬ ve การร้องเพลง play with a toy k'aˉ lu k'a ve เล่นของเล่น to play with, play around k'a guiˇ ve เอามาเล่น fall (natural phenomena) or by accident k'a ve เล่น snow falls vaˇ meu-eh k'a ve หิมะตก falls heavily k'a teuˇ ve ท่วม fall into a hole miˬ k'oˍ k'a ve ตกหลุม sleep well, soundly zuhꞈ k'a ve a double finger laꞈ naw k'a นิ้วที่งอกเกิน seek a household, ask in marriage yehˬ ca k'a ca หาครอบครัว descendants yaˇ k'a duˬ k'a สืบสกุล slit a chicken's throat g'aˆ k'awˍ k'aˉ hpehˇ ve เชือดคอไก่ choke on food caˇ tuˬ k'aˉ ve อาหารติดคอ harbor a grudge, resentment dawˇ k'aˉ ve ขุ่นเคือง car stuck (in mud) loˆ k'aˉ ve when you work don't leave things in a mess. kanˉ te k'o, k'aˉ li thaw li taˇ te เมื่อทำงานอย่าให้กระจัดกระจาย (two) branches of a tree suhˆ k'aˉ (nyiˇ k'aˉ) กิ่งไม้ adam's apple, larynx k'aˉ chuˇ cehˬ ต้นไม้มีหนาม be relieved, load off of chest, relief k'aˇ ehˍ lawˬ ehˍ k'ai ve ปลดเปลื้อง, บรรเทาความเจ็บปวด told you so k'aˇ caꞈ, cawˇ caꞈ สมน้ำหน้า to dance traditional circle dance k'aˍ hk'eˆ ve เต้นรำ an expert dancer k'aˍ hk'eˆ paˍ ผู้เต้นรำ dig k'aˍ ve โง่ jerk, a fool caˬ k'aˍ paˍ คนใบ้ a fool, a mute chaw k'aˍ paˍ คนโง่ (ending) alwaysˉˉˉ -kaˍ-aˬ banana aˉ pawˇ k'u กล้วย spoon luˉ k'u ช้อน (sleep) naked k'u nyi (te zuhꞈ ve) เปลือย hug, embrace behˇ k'uˉ ve กอด place to hang something, hook, peg k'uˉ kuiˬ ที่เกาะ dangling, hanging k'uˉ deu aˍ ve ห้อย, โหน hang something up k'uˉ ve hawehˇ ve skin awˬ guiˬ k'uˉ หนัง clf for books, pages k'uˉ, k'oˆ แผ่น, เล่ม one page liꞈ mehˆ hpfuhˇ teˇ k'oˆ หนึ่งหน้า one sheet of paper htawˇ g'euˆ teˇ k'oˆ หนึ่งแผ่น as for me..., as far as i'm concerned... ngaˬ tiˉ k'o... แค่ฉัน... as for these bunch of dogs... hpuiˇ chi teˇ g'uiˬ k'o... หมาพวกนี้ as for the subject, the thing is... awˬ lawn k'o lehˬ... เพราะว่า.. step over ngaˉ k'oˇ ve ข้าม hand something up to yuˬ k'oˇ ve ส่งต่อๆไป give back, return, hand over to yuˬ k'oˬ ve ส่งให้ deliver mail liꞈ yuˬ k'oˬ ve ส่งจดหมาย mailman liꞈ yuˬ k'oˬ paˍ บุรุษไปรษณีย์ someone who delivers water iˉ kaꞈ yuˬ k'oˍ paˍ ผู้ส่งน้ำ drive out, drive away, expel g'aꞈ k'oˬ ve ขับไล่ see someone off, 'send' someone shiˍ k'oˬ ve พาไปส่ง container, hollow object k'oˍ a tube awˬ dehˉ k'oˍ ท่อ, กระบอก stomach awˬ fuiˉ k'oˍ กระเพาะอาหาร coffin k'awˇ k'oˍ โรงศพ bell co lo k'oˍ, ju lu k'oˍ ระฆัง drum cehˬ k'oˍ กลอง box ta k'oˍ กล่อง hole in ground miˬ k'oˍ หลุม boat haw loˆ k'oˍ เรือ clf for clusters (of grapes) k'oˍ (a pehˉ meuˇ teˇ k'oˍ) พวง say, tell k'oˆ ve พูด, บอก no matter whether (n) or (n) (n) maˇ k'oˆ... (n) maˇ k'oˆ เช่น, หรือ tell k'oˆ laˇ ve, k'oˆ piˇ ve บอกให้ if speaking about... , as for .... ... k'oˆ k'o ถ้าพูดแล้ว something to say, room for comment, criticism k'oˆ kuiˬ ที่พูด irreprehensible, no complaint possible, nthg left to be said k'oˆ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ ไม่มีที่ติ it's a tremendous pleasure ha lehˬ tuˬ k'oˆ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ ยินดีไม่มีที่ติ a place called (n) (n) k'oˆ kuiˬ สถานที่พูด to mean k'oˆ gaˇ ve ความหมาย what i mean is this. ngaˬ k'oˆ gaˇ ve awˍ, chi hk'e yoˬ. ที่ฉันพูดนี้หมายความว่า to joke, tease k'oˆ guiˇ ve พูดเล่น a joker, a wise guy k'oˆ guiˇ paˍ ผู้พูดเล่น to mock someone, ridicule k'oˆ guiˇ g'uiˬ guiˇ เยาะเย้ย speak to one another, converse k'oˆ daꞈ ve พูดกัน speak out of turn, exaggerate k'oˆ ponˬ k'oˆ leuˉ พูดเกินจริง don't kill my idea! ngaˬ ve dawˇ hk'aˇ taˇ k'oˆ pehˍ mehˍ อย่าฆ่าความคิดของฉัน to explain k'oˆ maˍ piˇ ve, k'oˆ maˍ laˇ ve สอนให้ to say the wrong thing, mispronounce k'oˆ yaꞈ ve พูดผิด in a country called yunnan yuˇnanˇ k'oˆ ve mvuhˇ miˬ awˍ ในเมืองที่ประเทศยูนาน please don't do it! (taˇ te) k'oˆ-neˍ อย่าทำสิ hey, (that's my hat)! (ngaˬ ve uˉ tcuhˍ) k'oˆ ma นี่น่า however, nevertheless k'oˆ yaꞈ hk'aˇ ถึงแม้ that's why! like i said! ...k'oˆ yoˬ ehꞈ นั่นแหละ fine! ok! (daꞈ) k'oˆ leꞈ ดี, ได้ notebook tawˇ taˍ tuˬ ve liꞈ k'oˆ สมุดโน๊ต go home aˉ hk'aw k'oꞈ-e ve กลับบ้าน run back home g'uiˇ k'oꞈ-e ve วิ่งกลับบ้าน to pick k'ehˉ ve ขุดคุ้ย smile at someone k'ehˉ suhˍ te piˇ ve ยิ้มหวาน smile k'ehˉ-ehˬ te ve ยิ้ม be unlucky k'ehˇ ve rotten luck k'ehˇ jaˇ be wide k'ehˬ ve กว้าง this road is very wide yaꞈ k'aw chi k'ehˬ jaˇ ทางนี้กว้างมาก widen hk'a k'ehˬ k'ehˬ te ve ทำกว้างๆ the sun goes down mvuhˇ nyi k'ehˬ ve ตะวันตกดิน take off clothing, strip k'ehˆ ve ถอด dismantle something, remove a part k'ehˆ tawˆ ve ถอดออก come loose, apart k'ehˆ tawˆ-e ve หลุด shoot and miss bawˆ k'ehˆ ve ยิงเฉียดๆ just miss catching something, not able to hold on to yuˬ k'ehˆ ve หลุด be bald oˉ k'oˍ k'ehꞈ ve หัวถลอก die, expire k'aw cheˆ ve สิ้นลม, ตาย he's still hanging onto life. k'aw maˇ cheˆ sheˍ ยังไม่สิ้นลม to be serious, sincere (nyi ma) k'aw ve ปวดร้าว bad blood between, continual bad terms with each other awˬ suhˍ maˇ k'aw daꞈ เลือดไม่เข้ากัน happy relationship together nyi ma k'aw daꞈ ve สัมพันธภาพดี empathize, pity someone k'aw mehˇ ve สะเทือนใจ sunburned, exposed to sun mvuhˇ cha k'aw ve ตากแดด dry something in the sun mvuhˇ cha k'aw huˉ ve ตากแห้ง daytime, afternoon mvuhˇ lawꞈ k'aw กลางวัน palm of the hand laꞈ taw k'aw ฝ่ามือ the middle k'aw ji ตรงกลาง throne k'aw jaw ที่นั่น cinnamon k'aw hpeh the middle of the village hk'aˆ k'aw ji กลางหมู่บ้าน nine k'awˇ เก้า ninety k'awˇ chi เก้าสิบ nine hundred k'awˇ ha เก้าร้อย nine things k'awˇ maˬ เก้าอย่าง we desire eternal life. k'awˇ lawˬ k'awˇ tiꞈ cawˬ gaˇ to cultivate, prepare for agriculture k'awˇ ve ถาง clear the land for a road yaꞈ k'aw k'awˇ ve ถางถนน dig up, clear away plants from land k'awˇ baˬ ve ถางทิ้ง this box is empty. ta k'oˍ chi teˇ maˬ k'awˇ ve yoˬ. กล่องนี้ว่างเปล่า loose, go slack k'awˇ e ve หลวม comfortable for the body (clothes) awˬ to k'awˇ ve ตัวเปล่า loosely k'awˇ-ehˬ neck, neck-like part k'awˍ (peˍ) คอ neck of rifle naˆ k'awˍ back of the neck k'awˍ awˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ paˉ ด้านหลังคอ strangle, hang someone to death k'awˍ nyiˉ pehˍ ve บีบคอตาย give a child a ride on one's neck k'awˍ peˍ yaˇ hkuiˆ tcuh ve necktie k'awˍ peˍ caˆ สร้อยคอ necklace k'awˍ peˍ g'awˇ กระดูกคอ the rice is well-cooked now! awˍ k'awˍoˬ law ข้าวสุกแล้ว you're really crooked! nawˬ k'awꞈ jaˇ คุณคดมาก bend in a road yaꞈ k'aw k'awꞈ ทางโค้ง all over the village hk'aˆ k'awꞈ hk'aˆ le ทั่วหมู่บ้าน all over the room bawehˇ k'awꞈ bawehˇ le ทั่วห้อง all over awˬ k'awꞈ awˬ le ทั่วร่างกาย one trip, clf ('tiew') k'ai ve teˇ k'awꞈ ไปรอบแรก crooked, bent k'awꞈ-ehˬ งอ bend something, make crooked k'awꞈ-ehˬ te ve ก้ม he's sleeping all twisted up. k'awꞈ kuiˉ-ehˬ te zuhꞈ chehˇ ve นอนตัวงอ return, come back k'awꞈ la ve กลับมา move back, retreat jiˆ k'awꞈ ve ถอยกลับ coming and going, to and fro toˇ toˇ k'awꞈ k'awꞈ ve pace back and forth toˇ toˇ k'awꞈ k'awꞈ te ve ไปไปมามา run back home guiˇ k'awꞈ-e ve วิ่งกลับไป (vb) once again teˇ pawˆ k'awꞈ (vb) repeat, say again k'awꞈ k'oˆ ve พูดอีก reborn (buddhist) k'awꞈ keuˆ ve เกิดอีก to repair, mend something k'awꞈ gu te ve แก้ไขอีก to restore in proper position k'awꞈ gu teh ve จัดเตรีอมอีก be reconciled, make peace k'awꞈ cawˇ daꞈ hui daꞈ ve กลับคืนดีกัน redo, do again k'awꞈ te ve ทำอีก rebuild, revise k'awꞈ gu te ve แก้ไขอีก resurrected, come back to life, recover from serious illness k'awꞈ teꞈ tu la ve กลับเป็นขึ้นมา get better (health), be healed, recover k'awꞈ na la ve มาถามอีก rewrite, revise k'awꞈ gu bvuhꞈ ve แก้ไข answer someone, reply k'awꞈ yaw hk'awꞈ ve ตอบ send back k'awꞈ peu ve ส่งไปอีก avenge, retaliate k'awꞈ te hkawꞈ ve แก้แค้น to rebel, revolt, turn against k'awꞈ hpfuhˆ ve กบฏอีก love in return k'awꞈ haꞈ ve รักอีกครั้ง if you don't want to give me that field, i'll take the one below everybody else's instead. oˇ ve ti mi ngaˬ aꞈ maˇ piˇ gaˇ k'o, ngaˬ shu awˬ mehˍ mi ve aꞈ k'awꞈ heuˆ a. of no more use awˬ bon maˇ k'awꞈ cawˬ ไม่มีประโยชน์อีก untie, unfasten, undo k'awꞈ k'ehˆ ve หลุดอีกแล้ว be even faster and more skillful k'awꞈ hpeuˬ k'awꞈ vaiˇ ve to rinse something k'awꞈ hawˍ ve ร้องให้อีกแล้ว bent, slanted k'euˬ-ehˬ เอียง chin paˇ k'euˆ leuˆ คาง go away! get out of here! haˆ k'ai รีบไป where are you goingˉ (greeting) hk'awˬ k'ai le ไปใหน where have you beenˉ hk'awˬ ca k'ai k'awꞈ la ve le ไปใหนมา goodbye! i'm going! k'ai a shaˍ (mehˍ) ไปก่อนนะ take it easy, goodbye! a yehˉ yehˉ k'ai mehˍ ค่อยๆไปนะ send off, dispatch k'ai peu ve ส่งไป go a long way, go far k'ai vuiˇ ve ไปไกล go back and forth k'ai k'ai laˬ laˬ te ve ไปๆมาๆ to become (adv), (to become straight) (adv) k'ai ve, (hteˇ-ehˬ k'ai ve) ตรงไป to turn out a certain way (turn out perfectly) (cawˇ lawꞈ-ehˬ) k'ai geꞈ-e ve พอดีเลย walk along juˇ k'ai ve เดินไป lead someone along shiˍ k'ai ve พาไป take away yuˬ k'ai ve เอาไป keep on doing it, don't stop! te k'ai sheˍ, taˇ jehˇ ทำไปเถิดหย่าหยุด tell, relate, discuss k'awˍ ve tell a story aˬ ponˍ k'awˍ ve discuss something serious k'oˆ daꞈ k'awˍ daꞈ ve translate k'awˍ tawˆ ve explain, describe something to someone k'awˍ maˍ piˇ ve shrimp k'oˍ kawehꞈ กุ้ง fish hook biˆ kawehꞈ เบ็ดตกปลา corner of a room bawehˇ kawehꞈ anchor sho k'uˉ kawehꞈ ขอเกี่ยว to sow rice hk'a ve ปลูก plant and sow, do the planting ti ve hk'a ve ปลูก wheat, barley zui hk'a\ ปลูกข้าวบาเลย์ clf for grains, one grain of rice (caˬ hk'a teˇ) hk'a ข้าวหนึ่งเม็ด all the things he wants to know yawˇ hk'a shiˍ gaˇ ve awˬ ceuˬ สิ่งที่เขาอยากรู้ nobody gets to do everything he intends or whatever he wants. a shu teˇ g'aˇ le le yawˇ hk'a dawˇ ve hk'e leˇ, hk'a te gaˇ ve hk'e leˇ, g'a te ve maˇ heˆ he smiles at whoever he meets. yawˇ hk'a mawˬ daꞈ ve teˇ g'aˇ le le htaꞈ g'uiˬ ve ยิ้มให้ทุกดนที่เขาพบ until hk'a gaˬ ถึง keep going until you get there. oˇ awˍ hk'a gaˬ k'ai ให้ไปถึงโน่นเลยนะ count to ten teˇ chi hk'a gaˬ g'aw ve นับถึงสิบ for two weeks nyiˇ shinˉ hk'a gaˬ ถึงสองสัปดาห์ go up to the door yehˇ miˉ hk'a gaˬ k'ai ve ให้ไปถึงประตู everywhere, everyplace hk'a gaˬ suh ถึงทุกที่ together hk'a geh ด้วยกัน if we go together, there's nothing to be afraid of hk'a geh k'ai k'o, kawˆ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ ถ้าไปด้วยกันไม่ต้องกลัวเลย easily hk'a ngai ง่ายๆ with the greatest of ease hk'a ngai ngai tiˉ ง่ายๆ things easy to do hk'a nga ngai ve awˬ ceu สิ่งง่ายๆ exactly hk'a caˆ-ehˍ พอดี skillfully, well, accurately; almost hk'a cawˇ-ehˍ พอดี it's neither too long or short, it's just right zuhˬ ve ngeh ve maˇ heˆ, hk'a cawehˇ ve yoˬ พอดี, ไม่สั้นไม่ยาวเกินไป i can almost speak lahu now. laˇhuˍ hkawˇ hk'a cawehˇ yoˬ hpehꞈ la oˬ. rather well, fairly well hk'a cawˇ cawˇ (ehˍ) พอดี he can dance fairly well yawˇ hk'a cawˇ cawˇ k'aˍ hk'ehꞈ puiˉ ve เขาสามารถเต้นรำพอใช้ได้ with might, to the utmost hk'a jaˇ-ehˍ สุดแรง with all one's might, as much as one can stand hk'a jehˇ-ehˍ สุดกำลัง eat one's fill hk'a jehˇ-ehˍ caˇ ve กินเต็มที่ nice and flat; evenly, perfectly lined up hk'a tawˍ-ehˍ เสมอภาค draw the lines parallel! awˬ hk'aˇ hk'a tawˍ-ehˍ bvuhꞈ mehˍ เขียนให้ชัดเจน make them all the same length hk'a suh-ehˍ tawˍ-ehˍ te mehˍ ทำให้เสมอกัน, ไม่ลำเอียง sticking out plainly, in full view hk'a tawˍ lehˆ-ehˍ ชัดเจน properly, thoroughly hk'a dehꞈ-ehˍ ดีๆ indeed, in fact, actually hk'a dehꞈ k'oˆ k'o พูดดีๆ until it's all wet hk'a nehˆ ให้เปียก all; everything; completely hk'a peu-eˬ ทั้งหมด all of this chi hk'a peu-eˬ ทั้งหมดนี้ all of his money yawˇ ve hpu hk'a peu-eˬ เงินทั้งหมดของเขา all the livelong day teˇ nyi mvuhˇ hk'a hpeuꞈ htawˇ ทั้งวัน, เช้าถึงเย็น abundantly hk'a biˇ-ehˍ เต็ม all full, chock full of hk'a biˇ biˇ เต็ม, สมบูรณ์ to be full of money hpu hk'a biˇ biˇ cawˬ ve เงินครบ full and plenty hk'a biˇ hk'a lawꞈ เต็มพอดี until one is satisfied hk'a bvuhˆ-ehˍ อิ่มเต็มที eat one's fill, until full hk'a bvuhˆ caˇ ve กินเต็มที่ until it's all covered hk'a beh-ehˍ ปิดคลุม cover it up completely hk'a beh-ehˍ beh mehˍ ปิดมิดชิด equally, in the same amount, to the same extent hk'a ma-ehˍ เท่ากัน to the same height, equally tall hk'a mvuh ehˍ สูงเท่ากัน indulge in all kinds of outrageous behavior hk'a mvuhˇ hk'a na te ve ลวนลาม completely (red lahu) hk'a hoˍ as strongly as possible, as loud as one can hk'a hehnˇ hehnˇ as far as, until it reaches hk'a g'a-ehˍ reach out until you get it! hk'a g'a yuˬ จับให้ได้ easily, with no problems hk'a sha sha-ehˍ ง่ายๆ in the same way, manner hk'a shuˍ-ehˍ เหมือนกัน this and that are the same. chi leh oˇ ve lehˬ hk'a shuˍ-ehˍ yoˬ. นี้กับนั้น เหมือนกัน not be the same hk'a shuˍ maˇ heˆ ไม่เหมือนกัน like everybody else a shu hk'a shuˍ เหมือนใคร in just the same way hk'a shuˍ shuˍ เหมือนๆ กัน the holy spirit does not have a body like human beings. awˬ ha hpu chi lehˬ chaw yaˇ hk'a shuˍ shuˍ awˬ to cawˬ ve maˇ heˆ. พระวิญญาณไม่ใช่มีร่างกายเหมือนกับมนุษย์ so that one knows hk'a shiˍ เท่าที่รู้ teach us so that we may know all hidden things! faˉ taˍve awˬ ceuˬ hk'a shiˍ shiˍ hto maˍ laˇ mehˍ. สอนเราให้รู้ทุกสิ่งที่ลึกลับ the same length, equally long hk'a zuh-ehˍ ครบปี, ตลอดปี until death hk'a suh-ehˍ ยาวเท่ากัน be satisfied, be agreed on something nyi hk'aˇ hk'a suh-ehˍ te ve ทำให้พอใจ satisfy someone, placate someone nyi hk'aˇ hk'a suh-ehˍ te tcuh ve ให้ทำจนพอใจ stay as long as possible hk'a zuh chehˇ ve อยู่ครบ as long as possible (time) hk'a zuh ครบปี, ตลอดปี the same distance, just as far hk'a fui-ehˍ ใกล้-ไกลเท่าๆ กัน go the same distance hk'a fui fui k'ai ve ไปใกลเท่ากัน (to buy) everything one needs hk'a loˍ hk'a hawˆ-ehˍ (vuiˬ ve) ทุกสิ่งทุกอย่างที่จำเป็นต้องมี sufficiently, enough hk'a lawꞈ พอดี get enough hk'a lawꞈ heuˆ ve ได้เพียงพอ intensifying particle, used where non-visual perception is at issue hk'a paˆ ได้ยิน, รู้ลึก the dogs have shut up all of a sudden! hpuiˇ gawˬ-ehˍ hk'a paˆ vaˬ หมาเงียบไปแล้ว i hear something! hk'a paˆ neˍ ได้ยินอยู่นะ say outrageous things, reviling people hk'a mvuhˇ hk'a na yaw ve พูดเรื่อยเปลื่อย blaspheme against god g'uiˬ sha htaꞈ hk'a mvuhˇ hk'a na yaw ve หมิ่นประมาทพระเจ้า (earth) fireplace hk'aˇ ciˇ ที่ตั้งเตาไฟ baskets in general, various kinds of baskets hk'aˉ puˍ hk'aˉ lu กระพา, กระทาย ditch, channel for water g'uiˬ hk'aˇ ร่องน้ำชลประทาน a tooth-mark tcuhˬ hk'aˇ รอยฟันกัด viewpoint, opinion nyi hk'aˇ come to an agreement nyi hk'aˇ suh ve พอใจ follow the way of jesus yeˍsuˆ hk'aˇ g'aꞈ ve ติดตามพระเยซู you yourself, by yourself nawˬ hk'aˇ nawˬ ตัวคุณเอง he himself, by himself yawˇ hk'aˇ yawˇ ตัวเขาเอง everybody does it for himself a shu yawˇ hk'aˇ yawˇ te ve ทำตัวเอง way of doing te hk'aˇ ประพฤติ the way of chopping chaw hk'aˇ รอยตัด way of thinking, viewpoint, opinion dawˇ hk'aˇ ความคิด, ทัศนะ we must have the same way of thinking, acting, doing dawˇ hk'aˇ tanˍ hk'aˇ te hk'aˇ teˇ hk'aˇ tiˉ g'a cawˬ ve yoˬ. ต้องทำตามความคิดการกระทำอันเดียวกัน has been heard near and far (famous) vuiˇ kuiˬ neˇ kuiˬ lo g'a kaˇ jaw ve ได้ยินทั้งใกล้และไกล bitter hk'aˇ ve ขม, เค็ม be too salty aˉ lehꞈ hk'aˇ ve เกลือเค็ม very bitter hk'aˇ kuiˉ ehˬ ขมมาก bitter medicine naˆ tcuhˇ hk'aˇ ยาขม be active, diligent hk'aˇ ve เก่ง be a diligent worker kanˉ te hk'aˇ ve ทำงานเก่ง he's a good hunter yawˇ shaˍ bawˆ hk'aˇ aˬ เขาล่าสัตว์เก่ง a linguist, good at studying languages tawˇ hkawˇ jawˬ hk'aˇ paˍ ผู้เชี่ยวชาญภาษา cry out, groan, complain hk'anˇ ve บ่น groan in pain naˬ hk'anˇ ve คร่ำครวญ beg and beseech; beseech with loud cries hk'anˇ ve lawˬ ve อ้อนวอน tracks, trail hk'aˇ suh ติดตาม along the trail yaꞈ k'aw hk'aˇ suh ไปตามถนน to follow (n) (n) hk'aˇ suh k'ai, hk'aˇ suh g'aꞈ ve ติดตาม which hk'aˬ ve อันใหน whereˉ hk'aˬ awˍ which knife do you want to useˉ hk'aˬ ve aˉ htaw yehˇ gaˇ ve le อยากใช้มีดเล่มใหน what's (n) likeˉ (n) hk'aˬ k'ai ve le\ ไปไหน you may eat any of the fruit. hk'aˬ ve iˉ shiˍ htawˇ caˇ hpehꞈ-aw. ผลไม้ลูกไหนก็กินได้ any lahu would probably let you do that. hk'aˬ ve laˇhuˍ yaˇ maˇ k'oˆ nawˬ aꞈ te tcuh laˇ hehˉ whichever (n), any (n) (n) hk'aˬ ve (# and clf) maˇ k'oˆ on which sideˉ hk'aˬ ve teˇ paˉ ด้านใหน everywhere hk'aˬ kaˬ chi kaˬ ทุกที่ทุกทาง everybody hk'aˬ to chi to ทุกผู้ทุกคน always hk'aˬ htaˆ chi htaˆ ทุกเมื่อ lahu people from all around laˇhuˍ yaˇ hk'aˬ hpawˇ chi hpawˇ ลาฮูจากทุกสารทิศ each and every person hk'aˬ g'aˇ chi g'aˇ ทุกคน every household hk'aˬ g'oꞈ chi g'oꞈ ทุกบ้าน everywhere hk'aˬ lo chi lo ทุกที่ there aren't that many hk'aˬ ma oˇ ma maˇ cawˬ ไม่มีเท่า it's not all that far. hk'aˬ vuiˇ oˇ vuiˇ maˇ cawˬ ไม่ไกลเท่า how are thingsˉ hk'aˬ hk'e le อย่างไร how did you do it hk'aˬ hk'e te ve le ทำอย่างไร what happenedˉ how did it goˉ hk'aˬ hk'e k'ai le เกิดอะไรขึ้น what's going onˉ hk'aˬ hk'e hpehꞈ ve le เป็นอย่างไร what did you sayˉ hk'aˬ hk'e k'oˆ ve le พูดอย่างไร how do you say this in lahuˉ chi laˇhuˍ hkawˇ hk'aˬ hk'e k'oˆ ve le นี้ ในภาษาลาฮูพูดอย่างไร what will we have to doˉ ngaˬ hui hk'aˬ hk'e g'a te tuˬ ve le\ พวกเราจะทำอย่างไร where shall we spend the nightˉ hk'aˬ hk'e awˍ haˉ e tuˬ le ไปค้างคืนที่ไหน what kind of house is itˉ hk'aˬ hk'e ve yehˬ le บ้านหลังไหน for example, if one says 'how' hk'aˬ hk'e k'oˆ k'o, ถ้าจะพูดไปแล้ว no matter what hk'aˬ hk'e kaꞈ อย่างไรก็ตาม there was nothing to be done. hk'aˬ hk'e kaꞈ te maˇ hpehꞈ-oˬ อย่างไรก็ทำไม่ได้แล้ว how very!, to what an extent! hk'aˬ hk'e ceh ceh ขนาดไหน (v) as much as one can hk'aˬ hk'e ceh g'a chi hk'e ceh (v) ได้เท่าไหร่ก็เท่านั้น howˉ having done howˉ hk'aˬ hk'e te (leh) ทำอย่างไร at any rate, in any case hk'aˬ hk'e te htawˇ, hk'aˬ hk'e hpehꞈ htawˇ อย่างไรก็ตาม, ถึงแม้ whenˉ hk'aˬ htaˆ เมื่อไหร่ some day or other; on what dayˉ hk'aˬ htaˆ teˇ nyi วันไหน at any time hk'aˬ htaˆ teˇ yanˇ เวลาไหน i may die at any time. hk'aˬ htaˆ teˇ yanˇ suh tuˬ naˍ a จะตายเมื่อไหร่ always hk'aˬ htaˆ kaꞈ เสมอ always, forever hk'aˬ htaˆ chi htaˆ ประจำ how many hk'aˬ nyiˇ how many times, how often hk'aˬ nyiˇ pawˆ กี่ครั้ง what time is itˉ hk'aˬ nyiˇ naˍliˍ gaˬ oˬ le กี่โมงแล้ว how big is itˉ hk'aˬ hui le ใหญ่เท่าไหร่ no matter how much hk'aˬ ma chi ma เท่านี้เท่านั้น how very good it is hk'aˬ ma daꞈ jaˇ ve le ดีสักเท่าไหร่ not (v) so much, not (v) very much hk'aˬ ma (v) maˇ heˆ ไม่มาก a lot, much, so much hk'aˬ ma ma เท่าไหร่ don't eat so much! hk'aˬ ma ma taˇ caˇ อย่ากินมาก rather a lot a ciˉ hk'aˬ ma ma not (v) very much hk'aˬ ma ma maˇ (v) he doesn't have all that much money. yawˇ hpu cawˬ ve hk'aˬ ma ma maˇ heˆ เขามีเงินไม่มาก how highˉ hk'aˬ mvuh สูงเท่าไหร่ all countries, each and every country hk'aˬ mvuhˇ chi miˬ ทุกประเทศ, ทุกเมือง how long (time) hk'aˬ maw นานเท่าไหร่ how long (space or time) hk'aˬ zuhˬ ยาวเท่ากัน how wide hk'aˬ fe กว้างเท่าไหร่ how far (is it)ˉ hk'aˬ fui, hk'aˬ fui vuiˇ le ไกลเท่ากันใหม whereˉ hk'aˬ lo ที่ไหน where do you liveˉ hk'aˬ lo chehˇ ve le อยู่ที่ไหน kind of fish trap hk'anˍ khmu tribe hk'aˬmoˆ village hk'aˆ หมู่บ้าน two villages hk'aˆ nyiˇ hk'aˆ สองหมู่บ้าน both sides of the village hk'aˆ nyiˇ hpawˇ สองด้านของหมู่บ้าน upper part of the village hk'aˆ uˉ hpawˇ ทิศเหนือของหมู่บ้าน troubles in the village hk'aˆ hkiˉ lawˬ hkiˉ one's fellow villagers hk'aˆ chawˇ lawˬ paˆ เพื่อนบ้าน all around the village hk'aˆ jaˇ hk'aˆ ji รอบหมู่บ้าน go to the edge of village, go to defecate hk'aˆ jaˇ k'ai ve ไปนอกหมู่บ้าน set up a village hk'aˆ taˍ ve village spirit hk'aˆ neˇ ผีหมู่บ้าน billage divides, breaks up hk'aˆ hpaˆ daꞈ ve แยกหมู่บ้าน lower part of the village hk'aˆ mi hpawˇ ใต้หมู่บ้าน live in a hamlet, separate from main village hk'aˆ hai village headman hk'aˆ sheh ผู้ใหญ่บ้าน village headman's wife hk'aˆ sheh ma ภรรยาผู้ใหญ่บ้าน village protectors (against bandits, etc.) hk'aˆ shaw paˍ ยามหมู่บ้าน villager hk'aˆ yaˇ ลูกบ้าน village custom hk'aˆ liˇ กฎหมู่บ้าน give small gift to headman when moving into village hk'aˆ liˇ keu ve ธรรมเนียมหมู่บ้าน large village hk'aˆ lonˉ หมู่บ้านใหญ่ assistant headman hk'aˆ leh ผู้ช่วยผู้ใหญ่บ้าน expensive, costly hk'aˆ แพง that's really expensive! hk'aˆ jaˇ neˍ! แพงจัง be expensive in price awˬ hpfuhˇ hk'aˆ ve ราคาแพง be a drought mvuhˇ hk'aˆ ve deny the truth of something, insist (wrongly) that one is in the right g'awˬ hk'aˆ ve ชอบเถียง speak words of protest, denial, objection tawˇ g'awˬ hk'aˆ ve โต้เถียง basket hk'aˆ snicker, giggle hk'iˉ hk'iˉ k'ai ve หัวเราะกิ๋กๆ cooking pot mvuhꞈ hk'u หม้อ senior headman (red lahu) hkunˉ maw stretch something out hk'e surpass a standard awˬ htaꞈ hk'e ve stretch one's legs hkui sheh hk'e ve เหยียดขา stretch the arms laꞈ sheh hk'e ve เหยียดมือ extend a hand laꞈ sheh che ve ยื่นมือ object, oppose something hk'e if you want to do it, i won't object. nawˬ te gaˇ k'o, nawˬ aꞈ maˇ hk'e suddenly, all at once teˇ hk'e tiˉ ทันทีทันได give someone a kick hkui sheh teˇ hk'e hteˆ ve เตะหนึ่งครั้ง clf for sudden movements, strokes hk'e like, thus, so hk'e ดังนั้น like a child yaˇ ehˉ hk'e เหมือนเด็ก a person like him yawˇ hk'e ve chaw คนที่เหมือนเขา like this, in this way chi hk'e แบบนี้ that's right, that's the way it is chi hk'e yoˬ อย่างนี้แหละ he's fat as a pig yawˇ vaꞈ hk'e chu ve yoˬ เขาอว้นเหมือนหมู when i was your age, i used to go. ngaˬ hui hk'e htaˇ k'ai jaw ve vaˬ you must do as i say. ngaˬ k'oˆ ve hk'e, nawˬ g'a te ve yoˬ ทำตามที่ฉันพูด that's what i think chi hk'e dawˇ ve yoˬ คิดแบบนี้ approximately, about hk'e ประมาณ about 20 miles nyiˇ ha laˆ hk'e ประมาณสองร้อยไมล์ at a place about 200 miles distant nyiˇ ha laˆ hk'e vuiˇ kuiˬ lo ไกลประมาณสองร้อยไมล์ as for someone like him, yawˇ hk'e lehˬ, somebody like me can certainly do it! te puiˉ ve yoˬ k'oˆ ma, ngaˬ hk'e ทำเก่งเหมือนฉัน and so he died hk'e suh e ve yoˬ ตายอย่างนั้น ends quote clause hk'e, tehꞈ he said he couldn't do it te maˬ hpehꞈ hk'e k'oˆ piˇ ve yoˬ so, then, in that case (when beginning sentence) hk'e k'o, ดังนั้น since it is the case that (clause) (clause) hk'e k'o, but, however hk'e kaꞈ แต่ว่า but you do have to wait. hk'e kaꞈ, nawˬ g'a law ve yoˬ แต่ว่าคุณต้องรอ to such an extent hk'e caˬ caˬ ขนาดนั้น don't exert yourselves so much hk'e caˬ caˬ taˇ te neˍ อย่าทำขนาดนั้น merely, just, only (adverb) hk'e ceh แค่นี้ we're not just playing around with the idea hk'e ceh ca dawˇ guiˇ ve maˇ heˆ ไม่ไช่เล่นๆ so what if....! ...k'oˆ maˍ an ordinary, regular (n) cawˬ muiˬ hk'e ceh ve (n) เท่าที่เคยมี just about, more or less hk'e caw-ehˬ เท่านี้ just about seven years suhˍ hk'awꞈ hk'e caw-ehˬ เจ็ดปีเท่านั้น to such an extent, degree hk'e caw caw ขนาดนั้น this kind of tree lives about as long as a person. suhˆ cehˬ chi teˇ ceuˬ tiˉ k'o, chaw teˇ g'aˇ ve a shaꞈ hk'e caw caw maw ve yoˬ ต้นไม้ต้นนี้อายุเท่าหนึ่งชั่วของคน well then, so hk'e te thereupon, after that, in that case hk'e te k'o ถ้าเช่นนั้น then, after that, so hk'e te leh (awˍ) ดังนั้น after the previous state of affairs came about... hk'e te sheˍ leh awˍ ทำอย่างนั้น however, but hk'e htawˇ อย่างไรก็ตาม about as much as hk'e ma ma เท่าเท่ากัน as long a time as hk'e maw maw นาน นาน as big as this hk'e hui เท่านี้ like, just as it is hk'e leˇ เหมือน the way (n) should be, like (n) (n) hk'e leˇ you're not acting like friends awˬ chawˇ hk'e leˇ maˇ shuˍ ไม่เหมือนเพื่อน he looks like a good guy. chaw daꞈ hk'e leˇ hpehꞈ ve yoˬ ดูเหมือนเป็นคนดี as if (clause), the way that (clause) (clause) ve hk'e leˇ as far as i know ngaˬ shiˍ ve hk'e leˇ เหมือนฉันรู้ what we think is... ngaˬ hui dawˇ ve hk'e leˇ... คิดเหมือนฉัน as much as one can hpehꞈ ve hk'e leˇ ตามความสามารถ as much as one possibly can puiˉ ve hpehꞈ ve hk'e leˇ ตามความสามารถ be idle, have nothing special to do hk'e leˇ te chehˇ ve อยู่เฉยๆ, ทำเหมือนไม่อะไร stay as you are, don't trouble yourself hk'e leˇ te chehˇ a sheˍ he's not satisfied with the way things are (present circumstances) hk'e leˇ hpehꞈ chehˇ ve awˬ lawn htaꞈ yawˇ nyi ma maˇ cawˇ ไม่พอใจกับเรื่องที่เกิดขึ้น waste something hk'e leˇ yehˇ baˬ ve ใช้เปล่าๆ came without a special reason ngaˬ hk'e leˇ laˬ ve yoˬ มาเหมือนกับฉัน he gave me this book for free liꞈ chi teˇ k'oˆ ngaˬ aꞈ hk'e leˇ peꞈ laˇ ve yoˬ หนังลือเล่มนี้ฉันจะให้เปล่าๆ summon a spirit neˇ hk'o ve เรียกผี call a pig vaꞈ hk'o ve เรียกหมู summon by calling kuˬ hk'o ve ร้องเรียก call an animal to eat hk'o caˍ ve เรียกสัตย์มากิน draw water hk'o ve pant, gasp for breath shaˉ hk'oˇ ve แยก, ฉีก, แงะ clf for families, households hk'oˇ ผ่า our family, household ngaˬ hui teˇ hk'oˇ yaˇ ครอบครัวของเรา each and every household kuˬ kawˬ kuˬ hk'oˇ above, on top of hk'oˆ ข้างบน on top of the mountains hk'aw hk'oˆ บนภูเขา in the world, on the earth miˬ guiˬ hk'oˆ บนโลก an announcement from the govt. has been handed down to us. laˇhtaˇbanˇ ve tawˇ hkawˇ ngaˬ hui hk'oˆ gaˬ la law คำสั่งของรัฐบาลอาจมาบนเรา the fruit on the trees this year is delicious. chi teˇ hk'awꞈ suhˆ cehˬ hk'oˆ ve iˉ shiˍ mehˬ jaˇ ปีนี้ผลไม้บนต้นไม้อร่อยมาก he acts as if he's superior to us. yawˇ ngaˬ hui hk'oˆ awˍ uiˍ ve hk'e te ve เขาวางอำนาจบนเรา mouth, opening hk'oˇ meuˇ ปาก mouth of a cave haˉ k'oˍ hk'oˇ meuˇ ปากถ้ำ clf for cloth, clothing hk'oˆ several blankets aˉ boˆ laiˉ hk'oˆ ผ้าห่มหลายผืน roof of a house yehˬ hk'oˆ ฟลังคาบ้าน get dented hk'oꞈ-e ve รอยเว้า, ยุบ eye socket mehˆ hk'oꞈ tuˍ เบ้าตาโกน gutter of a bowling alley bo leˇ te kuiˬ awˬ hk'oꞈ shuwehˍ ทำพิธีทางศาสนาในหุบเขา rain-gutter mvuhˇ yeˬ yaꞈ e tuˬ ve awˬ hk'oꞈ shuwehˍ น้ำฝนใหลลงตามร่องเขา each person in his own field teˇ g'aˇ teˇ hk'oꞈ คนละหุบเขา to (v) constantly, to excess (v) hk'eh-aˬ, hk'eh ve eat to excess caˇ hk'eh ve กินเติบ keeps crying to be fed hawˬ caˇ hk'eh-aˬ อ้อนกิน he's a heavy smoker shuˉ dawˬ hk'eh jaˇ สูบบุหรี่จัด sleep all the time zuhꞈ hk'eh ve เอาแต่นอน a person who keeps begging permission a hkawanˬ lawˬ hk'eh ve chaw ขอแล้วขออีก excrement, feces hk'ehˇ อุจจาระ to excrement hk'ehˇ oˬ, hk'ehˇ k'oˬ ve ถ่ายอุจจาระ place to excrement hk'ehˇ k'oˬ kuiˬ ส้วม outhouse hk'ehˇ k'oˬ yehˬ ห้องน้ำ toilet paper hk'ehˇ k'uˉ shiˆ tuˬ กระดาษชำระ anus hk'ehˇ hk'aw, hk'ehˇ tuˇ ก้น, ทวารหนัก the butt hk'ehˇ hk'aw diˬ, hk'ehˇ hk'aw pui แก้มก้น idiom meaning lazy, "heavy in the butt" hk'ehˇ hk'aw hawˇ ve ก้นหนัก(ขี้เกียจ) be alert, "light in the butt" hk'ehˇ hk'aw lawˬ ve ก้นเบา(ตื่นตัว) tail of a plane caꞈ poˬ hk'ehˇ hk'aw หางเครื่องบิน turn a car around lawˍliˍ oˉ k'oˍ hk'ehˇ hk'aw paˍ ve กลับรถ the rear part hk'ehˇ hk'aw hpawˇ ด้านท้าย(รถ) be constipated hk'ehˇ hkaˉ ve, hk'ehˇ cehˍ ve ถ่ายยาก to fart, break wind, have gas hk'ehˇ tehꞈ ve ผายลม(ตด) to stink of excrement hk'ehˇ nuˬ ve เหม็นอุจจาระ a turd hk'ehˇ meuˇ ทวารหนัก to have diarrhea hk'ehˇ hawˆ ve ท้องร่วง dirt attached to, in between toes hkui naw hk'ehˇ sperm nyiˍ hk'ehˇ, awˬ yawˇ อสุจิ rainy fog moˬ hk'ehˇ หมอก falling star, meteor meuꞈ keu hk'ehˇ ดาวตก to peel fruit iˉ shiˍ hk'ehꞈ ve ปลอกผลไม้ to skin an animal awˬ guiˬ k'uˉ hk'ehꞈ ve ถลกหนัง you can't skin a tiger until he's dead. (proverb) laˇ maˇ suh k'o, laˇ guiˬ hk'ehꞈ maˇ hpehꞈ ถ้าเสือไม่ตาย ถลกหนังไม่ได้ penis nyiˍ hk'ehꞈ องคชาติ rung, step of a ladder hk'ehꞈ ขั้นบันได rung of a ladder, step of a ramp go hk'ehꞈ บันได mountain, hill hk'aw ภูเขา top of hill hk'aw uˉ ยอดเขา two mountains hk'aw nyiˇ maˬ สองภูเขา summit, peak, mountain top hk'aw uˉ tcuh ยอดเขา hill hk'aw ehˉ ภูเขาเล็ก foot of mountain hk'aw awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ ตีนเขา hill folk, hill tribesmen hk'aw hk'oˆ yaˇ ชาวเขา mountain pass, valley between mountains hk'aw kaˍ ระหว่างภูเขา hills and mountains, habitat of wild animals hk'aw kaˍ lawˬ kaˍ ระหว่างภูเขา foot of mountain hk'aw hkuiˉ puiˍ ตีนเขา a single mountain, hill hk'aw cu mountain with pointed peak hk'aw cu chehˇ-ehˬ mountain with flat peak hk'aw cu tawˍ-ehˬ mountain with rounded peak hk'aw cu g'euˉ-ehˬ a range of mountains hk'aw cawˆ-ehˬ ve ภูเขาที่เป็นทิวแถว climb a mountain hk'aw taˆ ve ขึ้นเขา mountain, hill hk'aw pui ภูเขา the sermon on the mount hk'aw pui hk'oˆ lo bon maˍ ve คำเทศน์บนภูเขา the other side of the mountain/hill hk'aw baˬ หลังเขา a ridge, mountain slope hk'aw baꞈ le ข้างเขา to ridge-walk (around a mountain) hk'aw baꞈ le awˍ k'ai ve ไปข้างเขา bottom of a hill hk'aw mehˍ เชิงเขา travel through the mountains hk'aw suh k'ai ve ไปตามภูเขา hill folk hk'aw yaˇ lawˬ yaˇ ชาวเขา end of mountain range, bottom of a mountain hk'aw leh meuˇ สุดทางด้านหนึ่งของภูเขา clf for hills, mountains hk'aw ลักษณะนาม(เขาหนึ่งลูก) inside, interior, into, to hk'aw ข้างใน there are many people in the house. yehˬ hk'aw chaw maˇ jaˇ มีคนในบ้านหลายคน in jail, prison htawnˍ hk'aw คุก to market tcuh hk'aw ตลาด to fields heh hk'aw เลือกสวนไร่นา to the city venˇ hk'aw เมือง the home, one's home aˉ hk'aw บ้าน hole, object with a hole in it, a ring hk'aw รู this shirt has many holes in it. aˉ poꞈ chi teˇ hk'oˆ awˬ hk'aw htaw paˍ maˇ เสื้อตัวนี้มีหลายรู pore (hair-hole) awˬ mvuh hk'aw รูขุมขน pore (sweat-hole) kuiˍ hk'aw ต่อมเหงื่อ throat hk'awꞈ hk'aw หลอดคอ cave haˉ hk'aw ถ้ำ iron ring sho hk'aw เหล็กกรวง to open (as wound), have a hole made in something hk'aw ve แผล he has an open wound on his arm. yawˇ laꞈ sheh aꞈ hk'aw kuiˬ cawˬ ve to open a hole in something, have a hole in awˬ hk'aw hk'aw ve เจาะรู all curled up hk'aw tcuhˉ-ehˬ ม้วนตัว the snake is coiled up vuiˬ chi hk'aw chehˇ ve งูอยู่รูนี้ to beg, pray (animist) hk'awˉ ve ขอโทษ, อ้อนวอน beg and beseech hk'awˉ awˍ hk'awˉ loˇ to steal, rob hk'awˇ ve ขโมย bandit, thief, robber chaw hk'awˇ chaw naˆ คนขโมย to (v) sneakily, to (v) in secret hk'awˇ (v) ve แอบทำ.. to spy hk'awˇ jaˆ ve แอบดู, สอดแนม to tell in secret, confidentially hk'awˇ hto ve แอบบอก listen secretly, eavesdrop hk'awˇ na ve แอบฟัง sneak a peak at hk'awˇ nyi ve แอบดู copulate in secret hk'awˇ paꞈ daꞈ ve แอบมีเพศสัมพันธ์ assemble/meet in secret hk'awˇ hpawnˬ daꞈ ve แอบประชุม come in secret, sneak up on hk'awˇ laˬ ve แอบมา to spread out, lay out hk'awˇ ve ปูพื้น mat, matress, sheet, blanket (something to spread out) hk'awˇ tuˬ เสื่อ, สาด clf for long objects (gun, tools, candles, needles) hk'awˇ ลักษณะนาม (กระบอก, อัน, ด้าม) one gun naˆ teˇ hk'awˇ ปืนหนึ่งกระบอก a needle g'oꞈ teˇ hk'awˇ เข็มหนี่งอัน a stool mui hk'awˇ ม้านั่ง smoke hk'awˇ ควัน whereˉ hk'awˬ kaꞈ ที่ไหน where (is it)ˉ hk'awˬ le อยู่ไหน where are you goingˉ (greeting) nawˬ hk'awˬ k'ai ve le คุณไปไหน where are you coming back fromˉ nawˬ hk'awˬ ca k'ai k'awꞈ la ve le คุณไปไหนมา where did he say the smoke was coming fromˉ mvuhˇ hk'awˇ hk'awˬ awˍ tawˆ la ve ceˇ le เขาบอกว่าควันออกมาจากที่ไหน where is he (at the moment)ˉ, where does he liveˉ yawˇ hk'awˬ kaꞈ chehˇ ve le เขาอยู่ที่ไหน which (clf)ˉ hk'awˬ (num) (clf) อันไหน which animalˉ hk'awˬ teˇ hk'eh ตัวไหน which month is itˉ hk'awˬ teˇ ha pa le เดือนไหน whichever one you go and buy hk'awˬ teˇ maˬ ca vuiˬ a k'o แม้ว่าซื้ออันไหน each and every person hk'awˬ g'aˇ chi g'aˇ แต่ละคน sickness, sick (red lahu) hk'awˬ ve อันไหน sickness and trouble hk'awˬ naˬ taˇ hkiˉ one basket hk'awˬ lawˇ teˇ shiˍ กระทายหนึ่งลูก put on the head, wear on the head hk'awˆ ve ใส่, สวม put on a hat, wear a hat uˉ tcuh hk'awˆ ve สวมหมวก year hk'awꞈ ปี last year a nyi hk'awꞈ ปีที่แล้ว the year before last aˉ suhˆ nyi hk'awꞈ สองปีที่แล้ว year, age, yearly cycle awˬ hk'awꞈ ปี this year chiˬ hk'awꞈ ปีนี้ next year nehˉ hk'awꞈ (htaˇ) ปีหน้า the past couple/few years ponˬ la ve nyiˇ shehˆ hk'awꞈ สองสามปีที่แล้ว more than 20 years ago ponˬ la ve nyiˇ chi hk'awꞈ hpaˆ ยี่สิบกว่าปีแล้ว the year before last; a couple years ago suhˍ nyi hk'awꞈ ปีก่อนโน้น the beginning of the year hk'awꞈ uˉ ครบรอบหนึ่งปี celebrate the new year hk'awꞈ caˇ ve ฉลองปีใหม่ last day of the old year hk'awꞈ biˇ nyi วันที่ครบปี the "year-tree" (used in celebrations) hk'awꞈ cehˬ ha cehˬ ต้นไม้สำหรับฉลอง new year's customs hk'awꞈ liˇ ha liˇ ประเพณีประจำปี new year's eve hk'awꞈ haˉ คืนก่อนปีใหม่ the new year hk'awꞈ suhˉ ปีใหม่ new year's day hk'awꞈ suhˉ nyi วันปีใหม่ new year's eve hk'awꞈ suhˉ mvuhˇ hpeuꞈ teˇ haˉ คืนก่อนวันปีใหม่ the year round hk'awꞈ zuh ครบปี to return, take something back hk'awꞈ ve ตอบ to give back hk'awꞈ piˇ ve, hk'awꞈ laˇ ve ให้คำตอบ to answer tawˇ hk'awꞈ ve คำตอบ inhale; breathe in shaˉ hk'awꞈ ve เด็ดผลไม้ take back yuˬ hk'awꞈ ve เอาคืน to shrink, retract hk'awꞈ dehˬ ve give back (an object) hk'awꞈ peꞈ ve คืนให้ send something back hk'awꞈ peu ve ส่งคืน snore zuhꞈ hk'awꞈ bvuhˬ ve นอนโกรน sniff back mucus in nose nuˉ hk'ehˇ hk'awꞈ g'awˬ ve สูดน้ำมูก call back; recall hk'o hk'awꞈ ve เรียกคืน carry back taˆ hk'awꞈ ve แบกคืน respond (by action), do in return te hk'awꞈ ve ทำคืน to redeem htaiˍ hk'awꞈ ve ไถ่คืน redeemer htaiˍ hk'awꞈ paˍ ผู้ไถ่คืน lead someone back sheh hk'awꞈ ve นำกลับ take back, recover something yuˬ hk'awꞈ ve เอาคืน be stuck/caught in throat hk'awꞈ hk'aw k'aˉ ve ติดคอ sore throat hk'awꞈ hk'aw naˬ ve เจ็บคอ strangle someone hk'awꞈ hk'aw suhˉ pehˍ piˇ ve บีบคอ the back of, behind hk'awꞈ nawˉ ข้างหลัง the back side, backwards hk'awꞈ nawˉ paˉ ด้านหลัง behind the house yehˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ หลังบ้าน back-to-back hk'awꞈ nawˉ hpfuhˆ tawˍ daꞈ leh หลังชนหลัง next week, a week later hk'awꞈ nawˉ teˇ shinˉ สัปดาห์หน้า in the future hk'awꞈ nawˉ htaˇ ในอนาคต after (phrase) (phrase) hk'awꞈ nawˉ หลังจาก after buying a cow he went home. nuˇ teˇ hk'eh vuiˬ peuˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ leh yawˇ k'oꞈ-e ve yoˬ. หลังจากซื้อวัวหนึ่งแล้วเขาก็กลับ ashes hk'awꞈ laˉ ขี้เถ้า ashtray hk'awꞈ laˉ hk'ehˇ ถาดขี้เถ้า bamboo stuffed with cooked rice hk'awꞈ laˉ dehˍ ข้าวหลาม instrument, tool, utensil hk'eun machine caꞈ hk'eun เครื่องยนต์ tools needed to do a job yehˇ hk'eun เครื่องใช้ half done, half-way through hk'eun be equal, half and half hk'eun daꞈ ve เท่ากัน sharing common ancestry, same lineage, family teˇ ceuˬ teˇ hk'euˇ narrate, report something hk'ai ve tell a story, ask a riddle a poˍ hk'ai ve เล่านิทาน confess (animist) hk'ai pawnˍ ve explain by narration, tell an instructive story hk'ai maˍ ve เล่า confess a sin venˇ baˆ hk'ai maˍ ve สารภาพบาป to slander, revile someone hk'aiˉ ve นินทา cross out something written hk'aiˉ pehˍ ve ลบ to move away hk'aiˬ ve don't move yet, i'm going to take a photo. taˇ hk'aiˬ sheˍ, ngaˬ awˬ han htawˍ a shaˍ move away hk'aiˬ k'ai ve splash! hk'aunˬ เสียงสิ่งตกน้ำ something concave, hollow hk'awehꞈ เสียงน้ำตก dimple in the cheek g'uiˬ hk'awehꞈ เสียงน้ำเดือด iron ring sho hk'aweh hold on to something, be armed with kan ve ถือ armed with a crossbow hk'aˆ kan ve ถือธนู armed with a gun ngaˆ ka ve ถือปืน give someone in marriage, arrange a marriage for someone ka piˇ ve คลุมถุงชน be unified in marriage, joined as husband and wife awˬ miˇ awˬ hpawˇ ka daꞈ ve immobilize by pressing against nyiˉ ka ve จับไม่ปล่อย tie up firmly; establish, organize, put together hpeh ka ve มัดติดไว้ cross, x-shaped figure laꞈ ka กางเขน observe a fast ce kan ve ถือศิล sin (animist) ka baꞈ, ka venˇ divine principles regulating universe, ordained customs ka hoˉ ค่าชดใช้ laws of universe ka hoˉ ka liˇ marijuana ka cha กัญชา keep one's promise ka tiꞈ ka ve ถือคำสัญญา lay down one's word, establish a covenant ka tiꞈ taˍ ve make a promise ka tiꞈ te ve ทำสัญญา engaged, promise to marry heuˆ daꞈ tuˬ ka tiꞈ te daꞈ ve หมั้น one's word is good ka tiꞈ daꞈ ve มีสัจจะ give one's word ka tiꞈ piˇ ve, ka tiꞈ peꞈ laˇ ve ให้คำสัญญา faith and loyalty, a pledge, promise, covenant ka tiꞈ shaˉ caˆ สัญญาถาวร to be true to one's promise, be faithful ka tiꞈ yeˬ ve ยึดมั่นคำสัญญา the promise is broken. ka tiꞈ luˬ e ve yoˬ. ไม่ทำตามสัญญา number kaˍnanˉ ตัวเลข calculate, reckon, do arithmetic, math kaˍnanˉ te ve คณิตศาสตร์ calculator kaˍnanˉ shawˍ tuˬ เครื่องคิดเลข verse of bible kaˍnanˉ ehˉ เลขข้อ chapter of bible kaˍnanˉ uiˍ เลขบท work, task, job kanˉ งาน housework aˉ hk'aw kanˉ งานบ้าน work in the fields heh hk'aw kanˉ งานไร่งานสวน unavoidable work, a pressing job htaw kuiˬ kanˉ be busy working kanˉ kiˬ ve เร่งงาน help someone work; contribute one's work to help kanˉ ga piˇ ve, kanˉ ga laˇ ve ช่วยงาน hire someone to do work kanˉ caˍ ge tcuh ve have work to do kanˉ cawˬ ve มีงาน stop working, rest from work, quit one's job kanˉ jehˇ ve หยุดงาน be free from work, at leisure kanˉ taˇ ve ว่างงาน a work-day; a working day kanˉ te nyi วันทำงาน go out to work kanˉ tawˆ te ve ออกไปทำงาน quit one's job kanˉ tawˆ-e ve ออกจากงาน new work available, work opens up kanˉ tawˆ la ve งานเข้า work for someone, work for hire kanˉ hta ve have necessary work, be hindered by work kanˉ htaw ve ติดงาน have a lot of work kanˉ maˇ ve มีงานมาก divide up work kanˉ pehˬ ve แบ่งงาน do work, have regular work kanˉ muiˬ ve ทำงาน(ทำมาหากิน) work interrupted, unemployed, take time off kanˉ hanˇ ve ขาดงาน rope, cord kaˉ เชือก tie the wrist-thread kanˉ mo hkeh hpeh ve ด้วยผูกข้อมือ grin, show teeth kaˉ-ehˬ โล่งอก grin wolfishly mawꞈ k'aw kaˉ-ehˬ te ve foolish grin kaˉ ku that guy is leering like a madman. chaw oˇ teˇ g'aˇ kaˉ ku chaw g'uˇ hk'e yoˬ. bamboo container for sticky rice kaˉ hoˆ กระติบข้าว a basket full of cooked rice awˍ teˇ kaˉ hoˆ hk'a biˇ ข้าวเต็มกระติบ a lock kaˉ le to lock, close with a lock kaˉ le hoˆ ve automobile, car kaˇ รถยนต์ car overturns kaˇ pu e ve รถคว่ำ clf for vehicles, planes kaˇ ได้ยิน one oxcart nuˇ lawˬ teˇ kaˇ เกวียนหนึ่งคัน to hear kaˇ ve ได้ยิน let me hear a little about what's been happening to you! nawˬ ve awˬ lawn a ciˉ kaˇ laˇ-oˆ ส่งข่าวของคุณให้ฉันด้วย cannot hear na maˇ kaˇ let him hear, tell him kaˇ piˇ ve ให้ได้ยิน, บอกให้ have good hearing, able to hear kaˇ puiˉ ve a song (red lahu) kaˇ hkiˇ story (red lahu) kaˇ htoˇ power, words of power kanˇ paˆ พลัง, อำนาจ the authority of the elders chaw mawˇ kanˇ paˆ อำนาจชองบรรพบุรุษ the power of evil spirit neˇ haiˬ ve kanˇ paˆ อำนาจของพญามาร apply one's abstract power kanˇ paˆ taˍ ve pray for power kanˇ paˆ lawˬ ve ขออำนาจ a story, traditional lore, a tale kanˇ hpuiˇ kanˇ law เรื่องเล่า, นิยาย ritual specialists, witch doctor kanˇ shawˉ paˍ ผู้ฝึกงาน foreigner kaˇ laˇ คนต่างประเทศ strawberry kaˇ laˇ aˉ lawˇ nyi สตอเบอร์รี่ an indian kaˇ laˇ naˆ kaˇ laˇ nyi คนอินเดีย any western wind instrument kaˇ laˇ nawˍ เครื่องดนตรีชนิดเป่า white foreigner kaˇ laˇ hpu คนต่างประเทศผิวขาว foreign language kaˇ laˇ hpu hkawˇ ภาษาต่างประเทศ white man's country kaˇ laˇ hpu mvuhˇ miˬ คนต่างประเทศ assist, help kaˬ ve help, aid and abet ga kaˬ ve support by holding, uphold kaˬ chiˇ ve ค้ำ, ชู, เสริม prop up to prevent from closing kaˬ tiˍ ve ค้ำประตู be surprised ˉ kaˬ ve แปลกประหลาด clf for places kaˬ สถานที่ another place awˬ suhˉ teˇ kaˬ ที่ใหม่ everywhere teˇ kaˬ le le ทุกที่ two places nyiˇ kaˬ สองที่ in church the men and women must sit in seperate places. bon yehˬ hk'aw yaˇ miˇ teˇ kaˬ hawˉ hk'aˆ teˇ kaˬ g'a mui ve yoˬ. ในโบสถ์ผู้ชายกับผู้หญิงนั่งคนละที่ prediction (i.e. by fortuneteller) kaˬ paˆ trading, commerce tanˇ kaˬ make one's living by trade kaˬ caˇ kuˇ caˇ cassette kaˬsehˆ a cassette recorder kaˬsehˆ caꞈ the place between, in between kaˍ ระหว่าง boundary line, border miˬ tcuhˉ kaˍ พรมแดน habitat of wild animals g'uiˬ kaˍ haˉ kaˍ stack up, pile up kaˍ ve ทำเป็นกองๆ stack up wood in a wood pile suhˆ awˬ kaˍ kaˍ ve ทำไม้เป็นกอง intestines and liver, innerds g'uˬ kaˍ shehˍ kaˍ great good fortune kaˍ uiˍ kiˇ uiˍ success in all endeavors kaˍ seuˇ kiˇ seuˇ self-defense group, protectors kaˍ kawehˍ yeˇ velvet kaˍtiˍpaˍ coffee kaˍphiˍ กาแฟ pick coffee kaˍphiˍ shaˉ-e ve เก็บกาแฟ velvet kaˍmaˍyiˍhpa ผ้ากำมะหยี่ camel, giraffe, exotic four-legged animals lahu are unfamiliar with kaˍ laˍ uˆ อูฐ ostrich kaˍ laˍ uˆ ngaˆ นกกระจอกเทศ venereal disease kaˍ laꞈ a naˬ กามโรค curtain kaˍ laˍ kaˍ ฉากบัง, ม่าน, มุ้ง be cold kaˆ ve หนาว cold rice awˍ kaˆ ข้าวเย็น stiff with cold kaˆ kuˇ ve เย็นเฉียบเป็นน้ำแข็ง tremble, shake from cold kaˆ cheˇ ve หนาวสั่น have the chills, shake kaˆ naˬ ve ไข้จับสั่น malaria, chills and fever kaˆ naˬ k'aˍ goosebumps kaˆ shiˍ ขนลุก cold season, winter kaˆ yanˇ หน้าหนาว be utterly wretched hpehꞈ bawˬ hpehꞈ kaˆ ลำบากใจ fancy language kaˆ hkawˇ scanty, few in number kaˆ-ehˬ a small group, a handful of people teˇ cuˇ kaˆ-ehˬ กลุ่มเล็กๆ, หยิบมือเดียว clf for handfuls kaˆ กำมือ give me another handful. teˇ kaˆ k'awꞈ piˇ-a- ให้อีกหนึ่งกำ clf for packages, packs of things, etc. kaˆ a box of matches faiˇ hkiꞈ teˇ kaˆ ไม้ขีดไฟหนึ่งกล่อง water (baby talk) kaˆ kaˆ น้ำ(ภาษาเด็ก) the abcs of lahu kaˆ hkaˆ ngaˆ ตัวอักษรลาฮู ก๊ะ, ค๊ะ, ง๊ะ teach the alphabet kaˆ hkaˆ ngaˆ maˍ ve สอนพยัญชนะ ก๊ะ, ค๊ะ, ง๊ะ up there noˇ kaꞈ บนโน้น down there moˇ kaꞈ ข้างล่างโน้น it's there where the hmong are. hkeˬmewꞈ geh kaꞈ cawˬ here choˬ kaꞈ ที่นี่ sit down here. kaꞈ mui- นั่งที่นี่ also, too kaꞈ ด้วย i want to go too. ngaˬ kaꞈ k'ai gaˇ ฉันอยากไปด้วย there are both good ones and bad ones! daꞈ kaꞈ cawˬ, maˇ daꞈ kaꞈ cawˬ ve yoˬ pawꞈ ดีก็มีไม่ดีก็มี not (v) either maˇ (v) kaꞈ ไม่..ด้วย we aren't allowed to chop down trees either. suhˆ maˇ htu tcuh kaꞈ ไม่ให้โค่นต้นไม้ whoever (v)'s, no matter who (v)'s a shu (v) kaꞈ ใครก็ตาม however how you tie it, it's okay. hk'aˬ hk'e hpeh chuiꞈ ve kaꞈ daꞈ ve yoˬ. มัดอย่างไรก็ดี it was very small indeed. i kaꞈ i jaˇ ve yoˬ เล็กก็เล็กมาก i'll certainly go too. ngaˬ k'ai kaꞈ k'ai tuˬ yoˬ. ฉันก็จะไป sports, athletics ki la กีฬา play sports ki la leˍ guiˇ ve เล่นกีฬา clf for sections, slices (fruit, wood) kiˉ jingle, tinkle (of a bell) kiˉ liˉ kiˉ liˉ k'ai ve เสียงกระดิ่ง to ride (horse, vehicle) kiˇ ve แน่น, คับ be tight, be tense kinˇ ve ทำให้แน่น he twisted the guitar (pegs) so that the strings would be tight. awˬ caˆ kinˇ la tuˬ tiˍ shiˉ ve ตั้งสายกีต้าให้แน่น be tense, anxious nyi ma kinˇ ve tightly, tensely kiˇ-ehˬ แน่น make tight, tighten kiˇ-ehˬ te ve ทำให้แน่น tie tightly kiˇ-ehˬ hpeh ve มัดแน่น be busy kiˬ ve ยุ่ง i'm very busy so i can't wait. ngaˬ kiˬ jaˇ leh law maˇ hpehꞈ ฉันยุ่ง รอไม่ได้ be anxious and busy hkiˉ ve kiˬ ve กระวนกระวาย rattled and flustered of a person kiˬ kiˬ mawnˉ mawnˉ ve รีบร้อน since i'm so busy working... kanˉ kaꞈ kanˉ kiˬ jaˇ leh... งานก็ยุ่ง... be busy hoeing the fields heh k'awˇ kiˬ ve รีบขุดหญ้า to dry (food) ku ve ตากแห้ง have anemia after childbirth naˬ paˆ ku ve โลหิตจางหลังจากคลอดลูก communist kuˉ chaˇ คอมมิวนิส betel kunˇ ใบพลู chew betel kunˇ behˇ ve เคี้ยวหมาก to guess kuˇ ve เดา venture a guess kuˇ nyi ve คาดเดา cast lots, vote, register an opinion kuˇ daꞈ ve ทายปัญหา cold, freezing cold kuˇ ve เย็น very cold water iˉ kaˆ kuˇ ve น้ำเย็น stiff kuˇ ve เย็นเฉียบ my fingers are all stiff. ngaˬ laꞈ naw kuˇ jaˇ นิ้วของฉันเย็นมาก lockjaw; tetanus paˇ kaˇ kuˇ ve a naˬ บาดทะยัก stiffly, tensely kuˇ-ehˬ walk stiffly (like soldiers) kuˇ kuˇ te ve เดินอาด วางท่า eight fingers breadth kuˇ เครื่องบั่นด้าย this knife is only 16 fingers long. aˉ hteꞈ chi zuhˬ ve nyiˇ kuˇ tiˉ hpehꞈ ve call; cry out; complain kuˬ ve เรีอก ร้อง ตะโกน call someone back kuˬ hk'awꞈ ve เรีอกกลับ a call, characteristic cry (i.e. bird) kuˬ hkawˇ เสียงเรีอก sob, weep kuˬ hawˬ ve ร้องให้โฮ scream kuˬ heuˉ ve ตะโกน pray (animist) bon kuˬ ve invite someone to eat awˍ kuˬ caˍ (piˇ) ve เรีอกกินข้าว call, summon kuˬ hk'o ve summon by pointin juˆ kuˬ ve call together, convoke, call a meeting kuˬ cuꞈ ve เรีอกมารวมกัน a cat meows mehˆ nyi kuˬ ve แมวร้อง the phone rings htaw law shaˆ kuˬ ve เสีองโทรศัพท์ดัง a dead tree suhˆ kuˬ ve ไม็แห้ง everybody, each and every household kuˬ kawˬ kuˬ hk'oˇ every year kuˬ hk'awꞈ kuˬ piˉ เรีอกกลับเรีอกคืน prawn, shrimp kuˍ k'awehꞈ กุ้ง mane awˬ kuˆ trigger-guard kuˍ kaiˉ kengtung kenˇ tunˬ to fence off, fence in, enclose ko ve ล้อม to fence in a garden hko ko ve ล้อมรั้วสวน be encircled with colored haze (the sun) ceˬ ko ve surround with a fence caw ko ve ล้อมรอบ fence a field heh ko ve ล้อมไร่ fence a house yehˬ ko ve ล้อมบ้าน climb over into a fenced-in house yehˬ ko aˍ ve aꞈ taˆ-e ve อย่าปีนรั้ว bicycle sho koˇ จักรยาน spinning wheel koˇ ระวิง(เครื่องปั่นด้าย) spoke of spinning wheel koˇ baˉ wheel of spinning wheel koˇ vawˇ fall through (the floor of) a veranda koˇ k'a ve employee, someone who works for you koˇ caˍ shield from, shelter from koˍ please give me some protection! ngaˬ aꞈ a ciˉ koˍ laˇ sheˍ you're not taking good care of me! nawˬ ngaˬ aꞈ maˇ nyi maˇ koˍ laˇ aw. please take him under your wing for my sake. ngaˬ awˬ pon kaꞈ a ciˉ koˍ laˇ mehˍ block off from view awˬ baˬ koˍ ve ปิด, บัง don't block my view. ngaˬ awˬ baˬ taˇ koˍ อย่าบังฉัน inspect officially koꞈ ve inspect one's things mawˇ koꞈ ve ค้นของ nevermind! i don't care! maˇ keh ไม่เป็นไร short person, shorty chaw keh neh, chaw kehˆ nehˆ คนเตี้ย come on, let's go! kehˇ k'ai shaˍ shows frustration, impatience kehˉ ehˍ ehˉ... reminisce, talk about things making one homesick, nostalgic tawˇ kehˇ yaw ve พูดอย่างเห็นอกเห็นใจ an old bachelor chaw haˉ kehˬ คนโสดที่อายุมาก pure, clear, clean kehˬ ve สะอาด fresh water, pure water iˉ kaꞈ kehˬ ve น้ำสะอาด holy, pure, immaculate daꞈ kehˬ ve บริสุทธิ์, สะอาด purify from a sin baˆ kehˬ ve the sky is clear mvuhˇ hpe kehˬ ve ท้องฟ้าแจ่มใส cleanly, purely kehˬ lehˍ-ehˬ สะอาดเรียบร้อย to make clean kehˬ lehˍ-ehˬ te ve ทำความสะอาดเรียบร้อย crystal kehˬ law fan haˉ pui แก้วคริสตัล village elder pu kehˍ get old; grow old kehˍ la ve ค่อยๆแก่ bamboo sticks forming framework of roof kehˆ shiˍ ไม้ก้านหญ้า bottle kaw ขวด three bottles kaw shehˆ maˬ ขวดสามขวด three bottles of water iˉ kaˆ shehˆ kaw น้ำสามขวด cover with a blanket aˉ boˆ kaw ve ห่มผ้า a lovesong kaw nehꞈ เพลงรัก sing a lovesong kaw nehꞈ te ve ร้องเพลงรักตอบโต้กัน a pagoda, stupa, phallic wooden pillar kaw moˇ เจดีย์ teapot, kettle kawˉ htoꞈ กาน้ำ lantern kawˉ faiˇ ตะเกียง collar kawˉ laˬ กาใส่น้ำชา northern thai kawˉ lawˉ คนเหนือ i bought it from the northern thai. kawˉ lawˉ geh vuiˬ taˍ ve yoˬ. ซื้อกับคนเหนือ northern thai women kawˉ lawˉ ma หญิวชาวเหนือ border of a basket hk'awˬ lawˇ awˬ kawˇ ตระกร้าว่าง slip, lose one's footing leˆ kawnˇ ve ลื่น slip in the mud jeꞈ nehˆ leˆ kawˇ ve ลื่นล้ม our ruler and shepherd (red lahu) peuˍ shehˍ kawnˇ shehˍ hpaˇ poison kawnˬ poison takes effect kawnˬ hpeuˆ la ve earthen teapot, jug kawˬ laˬ กาน้ำชา belt buckle haˍ pi kawˬ หัวเข็มขัด bracelet lehꞈ kawˬ กำไล yellow lahu kawˬ nehˉ ลาฮูเหลือง a yellow lahu man kawˬ nehˉ paˍ ชายลาฮูเหลือง a yellow lahu woman kawˬ nehˉ ma หญิงลาฮูเหลือง glue kawˍ กาว pile something up (bricks, stones) kawˍ ve ก่ออิฐ pile up sand shehˇ kawˍ ve ก่อกองทราย pile up bricks, stones to make a city wall laꞈ venˇ kawˍ ve ก่อกำแพงเมือง from the beginning of creation mvuhˇ kawˍ miˬ yaꞈ htaˇ catch fish with a basket ngaˇ kawˍ ve ไซดักปลา committee kawˍ miˍ tiˍ คณะกรรมการ committee member kawˍ miˍ tiˍ yaˇ สมาชิกคณะกรรมการ be afraid, frightened kawˆ ve กลัว there's nothing to be afraid of. it's not scary. maˇ kawˆ ไม่กลัว i'm afraid! kawˆ-aˬ mehˍ น่ากลัว i'm afraid of tigers. ngaˬ laˇ kawˆ aˬ. ฉันกลัวเสือ don't be afraid, it can't bite. taˇ kawˆ maˇ cheꞈ puiˉ. ไม่ต้องกลัวมันไม่กัด worried, anxious, dread dawˇ kawˆ ve คิดกังวล reason for fear, cause for alarm kawˆ kuiˬ ที่อันตราย tremble with fear, nervous dawˆ cheˇ ve กลัวจนตัวสั่น continual state of fear kawˆ jehˇ ve ยังกลัวอยู่ cause for fear kawˆ tuˬ สิ่งที่ทำให้กลัว threaten someone kawˆ tuˬ te piˇ ve ทำให้กลัว don't threaten me! ngaˬ aꞈ kawˆ tuˬ taˇ te laˇ frighten someone kawˆ piˇ ve ทำให้กลัว tremble with fear kawˆ veˆ ve กลัวจนตัวสั่น terrify someone (with threats) kawˆ lawꞈ lawꞈ ho piˇ ve ขู่ให้กลัว tie together tsuhꞈ kawˆ ve มัดติดกัน teacup laˬ kawˆ แก้วน้ำชา a cup of tea laˬ teˇ kawˆ ชาหนึ่งแก้ว a cup, vessel kawˆ แก้ว, ขัน clf for clusters of bananas kawˆ หวี(ลักษณะนาม) gall, bile, gall-bladder kui น้ำดี bear's gall yehˬ kui ดีหมี scar kuiˉ แผลเป็น, รอย his face is all scarred up. yawˇ ve mehˆ hpfuhˇ kuiˉ tsuhꞈ ui k'ai ve หน้าของเขาเหี่ยวย่นมากขึ้น be all twisted up kuiˉ ehˬ te ve รอยย่น, ขมวดหน้าขมวดตา squint at mehˆ kuiˉ ehˬ te nyi ve ตาขยิบ mouth twitches mawꞈ k'aw kuiˉ ehˬ k'ai ve ขมวดปาก go back and forth k'ai kuiˉ k'ai laꞈ กลับไปกลับมา no matter how you bend it, still a buffalo-horn (proverb meaning no matter how hard you think about it, can't find a way out) awˉ kuiˉ awˉ laꞈ k'o awˉ k'aˍ hkaw bronze, copper kuiˇ ทองเหลือง brass kuiˇ nyiˉ ทองแดง copper mine kuiˇ bawˍ บ่อทองเหลือง to rot, decay, spoil kuiˇ ve เน่า this fruit is rotten. iˉ shiˍ chi kuiˇ oˬ ผลไม้นี้เน่าแล้ว get rotten, spoil kuiˇ e ve เน่าแล้ว smell rotten, stink of decay kuiˇ nuˬ ve เหม็นเน่า to be infected kuiˇ behˬ ve เปื่อยเน่า to be utterly ruined, miserable luˬ kuiˇ ve เน่าเสีย have one's children spaced yaˇ kuiˇ ve มีลูกห่าง be crowded, numerous kuiˇ ve ท่องเที่ยว it's very crowded with people here choˬ kaꞈ chaw kuiˇ jaˇ ที่นี่มีคนเที่ยวมาก be many and numerous maˇ ve kuiˇ ve we are not numerous, few in number! maˇ maˇ maˇ kuiˇ ve awˍ to melt kuiˬ ve ละลาย to melt away kuiˬ-e ve ละลายแล้ว to cause to melt kuiˬ tuˬ te ve ทำให้ละลาย cannot melt lawˍ maˇ kuiˬ get married g'a kuiˬ ve all he talks about is getting a girl to marry. yaˇ miˇ g'a kuiˬ ve htaꞈ tiˉ jehˬ ve yoˬ look for a house-site yehˬ kuiˬ ca ve หาที่สร้างบ้าน place to eat caˇ kuiˬ ที่กิน place where a plane lands, airstrip caꞈ ponˬ deh kuiˬ สนามบิน residence, address chehˇ kuiˬ ที่อยู่ kitchen te caˇ kuiˬ ครัว store, shop mawˇ hawˇ kuiˬ ร้านค้า bedroom, bed zuhꞈ kuiˬ ที่นอน, เสื่อ, ฟูก there's nothing left to be said. k'oˆ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ ไม่มีที่ติ happiness, reason to be happy ha lehˬ kuiˬ แหล่งแห่งความยินดี a way to get money hpu shi ca g'a kuiˬ ลู่ทางหาเงิน a place where (clause), a place to (clause) (clause) kuiˬ awˬ ti ที่ a theatre awˬ han maˍ kuiˬ yehˬ โรงหนัง a hotel hkehˆ chaw haˉ kuiˬ yehˬ โรงแรม brothel yaˇ miˇ hawˇ lehꞈ kuiˬ yehˬ ซ่อง sweat kuiˍ เหงื่อ to sweat, perspire kuiˍ tawˆ la ve เหงื่อออก sweat pours out kui shaˉ ehˬ k'ai ve เหงื่อแตก wipe away sweat (with cloth) kuiˍ shiˆ ve ซับเหงื่อ wipe away sweat (with arm) kuiˍ shoˆ ve เหงื่อใหลไคลย้อย lay tar/asphalt kuiˍ jawꞈ ve collarbone kuiˍ taˆ g'awˇ kind of cactus keu put into, insert keu ve ใส่, เติม drop bombs caꞈ ponˬ aˬ miˍ shiˍ keu ve เครื่องบินทิ้งระเบิด pay money, chip in money hpu keu piˇ ve ใส่เงินให้เชา a financial contributor hpu keu paˍ ผู้ใส่เงิน vote for someone mehˇ keu ve ลงคะแนน put in/contribute a little keu i ve ใส่น้อย put back into keu hk'awꞈ ve ใส่กลับ be inside of; to have been inserted keu taˍ ve ใส่ไว้ put something in to soak keu tiˆ ve แช่ไว้ lay something before someone, offer something keu teh ve ใส่วางไว้ offer food to a guest hkehˆ htaꞈ caˇ tuˬ keu teh ve fold one's hands laꞈ naw keu daꞈ ve cannot be inserted, doesn't fit keu maˇ daw ไม่มีที่ใส่ put some water into the bowl, please. hkehˇ hk'aw iˉ kaˆ a ciˉ keu a ใส่น้ำในจานให้หน่อย pour in, dump in euˍ keu ve เทใส่ ingest caˇ keu ve กินใส่ sew into; sew together tawˆ keu ve ฟันใส่ kick into hteˆ keu ve เตะใส่ drink down dawˬ keu ve ดื่มเข้าไป blow into meuˆ keu ve เป่าใส่ drive into (enclosure or opening) g'aꞈ keu ve ต้อนเข้าไป interrupt by laughing g'uiˬ keu ve หัวเราะใส่ call out to (so someone hears) kuˬ keu ve ร้องใส่ interrupt someone's speech tawˇ hkaꞈ keu ve scold deˇ keu ve ดุใส่ beat vigorously dawˆ keu ve ตีใส่ include for consideration shawˍ keu ve คำนวณใส่ to sift, winnow keu ve sugar keu vaˉ น้ำตาล to separate, move away from keuˬ ve ย้าย, ขยับ move this away a little. chi a ciˉ keuˬ a ขยับหน่อย wean from the breast cuˉ nehˆ keuˬ ve อย่านม cattle fence haw keuˬ เบ่ง safety fence (fence at side of highway) keuˬ taˬ be apart from each other keuˬ daꞈ ve move something over keuˬ teh ve ขยับ, ขยาย shift one's seat over, slide away from keuˬ mui ve be worthy of keunˍ ve เหมาะสม you're not worthy of him nawˬ yawˇ htaꞈ maˇ keunˍ คุณไม่เหมาะกับเขา worthy of baptism (qualified) iˉ kaˆ hkanˍ tuˍ keunˍ ve มึความเหมาะสมรับบัพติสมา be praiseworthy chiˇ mvuh keunˍ ve เหมาะที่จะสรรเสริญ as is fitting and proper to do te keunˍ te cawˇ ve hk'e ตามที่ควรทำ be trustworthy yonˍ keunˍ ve เหมาะสมที่จะเชื่อ a baht and a half teˇ baꞈ keunˍ หนึ่งบาทครึ่ง half (limited use) keunˍ ครึ่ง give birth to, be born keuˆ ve เกิด have a difficult birth keuˆ tuꞈ keuˆ hkiˉ a habit develops awˬ yiꞈ keuˆ ve ติดยาเสพติด a war begins, breaks out maꞈ keuˆ ve เกิดสงคราม a rattle keuˆ leuˆ เสียงกระดิ่ง who produced this bookˉ liꞈ chi teˇ maˬ a shu keuꞈ aˍ ve le ใครผลิตหนังสือนี้ serve in a war maꞈ keuꞈ ve serve the country (politicianˉ) mvuhˇ miˬ keuꞈ ve, mvuhˇ miˬ ve kanˉ te ve hold back, retain, save up keuꞈ teh taˍ ve be capable of finding solutions, problem solving dawˇ puiˉ keuꞈ puiˉ คิดได้ทำได้ he's a very hard worker/industrious. yawˇ kanˉ te kaiˬ jaˇ เขาขยันทำงาน shout abuse at someone kawˉ kawˉ te deˇ ve ดุเสียงดัง don't fool around with my pigs. ngaˬ vaꞈ htaꞈ taˇ kawˇ laˇ อย่ามาใกล้หมูฉัน go visiting, travelling for fun ca kawˇ toˇ ve ไปหา, เที่ยวเล่น meddle in other people's business, bother others kawˇ shoꞈ shaꞈ ve เที่ยวยุ่งย่าม glass, crystal (not sure of spelling) keawˬ แก้ว eyeglasses mehˆ keawˬ แว่นตา most probably will/is ...kwaˍ จะ i most certainly will go! ngaˬ k'ai tuˬ yoˬ kwaˍ ฉันจะไป govern a country miˬ guiˬ kwanˇ ve ครองแผ่นดิน, ครองเมือง ruler, governor peunˍ shehˍ kwanˇ shehˍ hpaˇ ผู้ปกครอง, ผู้ดูแล religious leader of a church bon kwanˇ bed kawiˍ scoop up, dig kawehˍ ตัก a shovel jeꞈ kawehˍ tuˬ ve ที่ตักดิน handicap, additional burden awˬ taꞈ kawehˆ nickname awˬ meh kawehˆ ชื่อเล่น criticize, find fault or intercede, bring peaceˉ hka ve เข้าชัดขวาง bicker with each other hka daꞈ ve fault-finding hka puiˉ ve his wife is always criticizing people. yawˇ awˬ miˇ ma chaw aꞈ hka puiˉ a ภรรยาของเขาขวางคนเก่ง kachin, jinghpaw hkanˉ chaw ชาวกะฉิน fingerprint whorl laꞈ naw hkaˉ นิ้วที่งอกเกิน be clogged, blocked hkanˉ ve ติด to be constipated hk'ehˇ hkanˉ ve อุจจาระติด child dies during birth yaˇ hkanˉ suh ve เกิดลูกตาย car is stuck loˆ hkanˉ ve รถติด get something stuck in one's eye mehˆ puˉ hkanˉ ve ผงติดตา unable to wake up zuhꞈ hkanˉ aˍ ve นอนตลอด clf for groups of ten hkanˉ ติด twenty people chaw nyiˇ hkanˉ crossbow hkaˉ, hkaˆ load an arrow hkaˉ ce htaˇ ve a quiver hkaˉ ce bawˉ k'oˍ arrowhead hkaˉ ce meuˇ a file (tool) hkaˉ shiˉ be startled, alarmed nyi ma hk'aw hkaˇ ehˬ k'ai ve โล่งอกโล่งใจ gold hkanˇ goldsmith ca hkanˇ carbine hkaˇ baiˇ modern american-type rifle hkaˇ baiˇ lonˉ a curse hkanˍ hkawˇ คำรับรอง cross a boundary awˬ taꞈ hkanˍ ve ค้ำประกัน go across, pass through hkanˍ k'ai ve ข้ามไป cross a bridge coˬ hkanˍ k'ai ve ข้ามสะพาน count by twos awˬ kaˍ hkanˍ g'aw ve every other day teˇ nyi hkanˍ teˇ nyi วันเว้นวัน undergo, bear, endure, able to resist hkanˍ ve อดทน i just can't bear that. oˇ ve ngaˬ ca hkanˍ maˇ g'a อันนั้นฉันทนไม่ได้ a victim, a sufferer g'a hkanˍ shehˍ hpaˇ ผู้รับความอดทน long-suffering, enduring hkanˍ maw ve อดทนนาน he can stay under water a long time. yawˇ iˉ kaˆ hk'aw loꞈ-e htaˇ hkanˍ maw ve yoˬ เชาดำน้ำได้นาน royal lineage hkunˉ hawˉ hkanˇ te tuˬ awˬ ceuˬ awˬ hk'aˇ รัชชทายาทกษัตริย์ suffer death, sacrifice one's life hkanˍ suh ve long-suffering yeunˇ hkanˍ ve อดทน receive baptism iˉ kaˆ hkanˍ tuˍ ve รับบัพสมา receive something (significant) hkanˍ yuˬ ve ทนรับ matrimony is something which is received in the sight of god. heuꞈ daꞈ ve teˇ ceuˬ awˍ g'uiˬ sha ve mehˆ g'uˇ suh awˬ hawˉ lo hkanˍ yuˬ ve awˬ ceuˬ hpehꞈ ve yoˬ. this guy is reliable chi hpaˇ hkanˍ jaˇ อดทนมาก i guarantee that he's a good person. yawˇ chaw daꞈ ve htaꞈ ngaˬ hkanˍ ve yoˬ เขาเป็นคนดี ฉันรับรองได้ take responsibility for, assume an obligation a maˆ hkanˍ ve รับประกัน, รับรอง take an oath, bear witness, swear to something shaˉ hkiˆ hkanˍ ve พยาน swear to something, guarantee hkanˍ ve tuˇ ve protect hkanˍ piˇ ve ค้ำประกัน protector hkanˍ piˇ shehˍ hpaˇ ผู้ค้ำประกัน bow string hkaˆ caˆ สายธนู load a crossbow hkaˆ thaw ve stock/shaft of crossbow hkaˆ dawˇ shoot a crossbow hkaˆ bawˆ ve ยิงธนู aim a crossbow hkaˆ mawˍ ve เล็งธนู bow of the crossbow hkaˆ ho crossbow trigger hkaˆ le ไกหน้าไม้ pull a crossbow trigger hkaˆ le awˉ ve ลั่นไก chop up (wood for fire) (suhˆ) hkaˆ ve ตัดฟืน scoop something out/up hkaˆ ve ตัด, ฟัน scoop up water and splash each other iˉ kaˆ hkaˆ pfuhˍ daꞈ ve วิดน้ำใส่กสัน draw lots awˬ ha hkaˆ ve จับฉลาก scoop out a handful of rice awˍ teˇ tsuhˆ hkaˆ ve ข้าวปั้นหนึ่งอัน scoop with the hands laꞈ sheh hkaˆ ve จับด้วยมือ, ใข้มือ scoop out and sow, scatter, spread hkaˆ sheˍ ve หว่าน to get by scooping hkaˆ yuˬ ve จับเอา framework (of house) (yehˬ) hkaˆ ku have a cataract mehˆ hkaꞈ hoˆ ve ต้อกระจก be sparse, scattered, few and far between hkawꞈ hkaꞈ ve separated, sparsely hkaꞈ-ehˬ weave loosely hkaꞈ-ehˬ g'aꞈ ve a sparse head of hair oˉ k'oˍ hkaꞈ-ehˬ ve spread the fingers laꞈ naw hkaꞈ-ehˬ te ve to worry, troubled hkiˉ ve กังวล be anxious and busy hkiˉ ve kiˬ ve กระวีกระวาด troubles, misfortunes, woes hkiˉ kuiˬ keh kuiˬ reason to worry hkiˉ kuiˬ สิ่งที่ทำให้กังวล all kinds of troubles taˇ hkiˉ อย่ากังวล be abnormal, immoral, shocking haˉ hkiˉ ve not be abnormal, immoral haˉ maˇ hkiˉ your appearance is so different! nawˬ hkiˇ nawˬ maˇ heˆ o christmas hkiˇ saˬ maˆ คริสมาส body dirt hkiˬ calculate, figure hkiˆ คำนวณ calculate the price awˬ hpfuhˇ hkiˆ ve ตีราคา ride hkiˆ ve, kiˇ ve, hkiꞈ ve ขี่, ขับ rid a horse, horseback iˉ mvuhˇ hkiꞈ ve ขี่ม้า ride a motor vehicle lawˍ liˍ hkiꞈ ve นั่งรถยนต์ senior relatives a viˉ a pa hkunˉ a deputy, lesser official awˬ hawˉ ve hkunˉ ผู้ช่วยผู้ใหญ่บ้าน a great lord, official hkunˉ uiˍ ผู้ใหญ่บ้าน old headman, former chief hkunˉ htawˍ the government, government affairs hkunˉ hpawˇ king hkunˉ hawˉ hkanˇ กษัตริย์ teacher hkuˇ ครู witch doctor paw hkuˇ หมอผี head teacher hkuˇ yaiˬ ครูใหญ่ a hmong hkeˬ mewꞈ ชาวม้ง a yao hkeˬ yawꞈ ชาวเย้า a lisu hkeˬ liˍ sawˇ ชาวลีซอ a garden hko teˇ hko สวนหนึ่ง plant a garden hko te ve ทำสวน tea plantation laˬ hko สวนชา ballfield, sports field bawˉ shiˍ hko he's as mischievous as a monkey g'a hko gaˇ ve mawꞈ hk'e yoˬ ชนเหมือนลิง hyper, mischievous hko jaˇ ชนมาก shatter, break into pieces hkoˇ ve ซน broken heart nyi ma hkoˇ ve อกหัก break an egg g'aˆ u hkoˇ ve ใข่แตก have a heart attack nyi ma shiˍ hkoˇ ve หัวใจสลาย be fragile, brittle, delicate hkoˇ puiˉ aˬ, hkoˇ sha ve แตกง่าย break something, split something te hkoˇ ve ทำแตก fall and break paˍ hkoˇ e ve ล้มแตก burst open poˆ hkoˇ e ve ระเบิด break off a piece shaˉ hkoˇ ve ฉีก part of the village hkaˆ teˇ hkoˇ cut each ball into three pieces, please teˇ shiˍ ve shehˆ hkoˇ shehˆ hkoˇ tawˆ laˇ mehˍ หนึ่งลูกแบ่งเป็นสามส่วน half, or a piece of hkoˇ (baˉ) ครึ่ง half a day teˇ nyi teˇ hkoˇ ครึ่งวัน if we look at it from a certain point of view... teˇ hkoˇ nyi a k'o cut it into three pieces. shehˆ hkoˇ baˉ tawˆ ha ตัดเป็นสามชิ้น be numb, paralyzed (one body part) teˇ hkoˇ baˉ tiˉ suh ve อัมพาทครึ่งตัว swidden heh hkoˇ ไร่ to munch on sugarcane puˇ chaw hkoꞈ ve กินอ้อย gnaw geuꞈ hkoꞈ ve เคี้ยวกิน munch, eat noisily hkoꞈ ve เคี้ยว cord, string, rope hkeh เชือก rope, cord, twine, string aˉ hkeh เชือก tether for a horse iˉ mvuhˇ aˉ hkeh เชือกม้า hair of the head uˉ hkeh mvuh เส้นผม rice noodles awˍ hkeh เส้นก๋วยเดี๋ยว rope, cord caꞈ hkeh candle wick pehˇ hawˍ hkeh ใส้เทียน thread g'oꞈ hkeh เส้นด้าย metal wire sho hkeh เหล็กเส้น ball of thread hkeh diˬ กลอด้าย membrane of fruits hkeh neh ตอก spin thread hkeh g'awˬ ve ฟั่นด้าย clf for animals hkeh ดัว several snakes vuiˬ laiˉ hkeh งูหลายตัว two evil spirits neˇ nyiˇ hkeh ผีสองตัว a bean bag hkeh shiˍ ลูกช่วง termite hill hkeh puˬ lawˆ จอมปลวก engagement party hkehˉ nawehˬ caˇ ve หมั้น cup, bowl, vessel hkehˇ ถ้วย these two dishes are a set. hkehˇ chi nyiˇ hkehˇ teˇ cuˍ yoˬ to set a meal hkehˇ yuˬ teh ve วางถ้วย lamp aˬ miˍ hkehˇ ตะเกียง ricebowl awˍ hkehˇ ถ้วยข้าว teacup handle laˬ hkehˇ naˍ hpaw หูถ้วยชา small mortar hkehˇ htawˆ k'oˍ cup handle hkehˇ naˍ paw หูจับ basin, tub hkehˇ lonˉ จานใหญ่ big tub for washing mawˇ keu tsuhˇ tuˬ ve hkehˇ lonˉ กะละมัง to bedazzle, cause to see stars hkehˇ tcuh ve have one's eyes dazzled mehˆ hkehˇ ve to split open hkehˇ ve be well-off, prosperous hkehnˇ ve ทุเลา to improve, be an improvement hkehnˇ la ve ดีขึ้น is your wound a bit better nowˉ nawˬ naˬ kuiˬ a ciˉ hkehnˇ la oˬ laˇ แผลของคุณดีขึ้นบ้างใหม fencing contest hkehˬ รำดาบ to fence each other hkehˬ te daꞈ ve รำดาบใส่กัน have a weight-lifting contest mawˇ chiˇ hkehˬ daꞈ ve ยกของแข่งกัน have a race g'uiˇ hkehˬ daꞈ ve วิ่งแข่ง jump from place to place pawˆ hkehˬ ve กระโดดแข่ง kickback, tariff, bribe (red lahu) tcuh hkehˍ k'oˇ hkehˍ an evangelistic campaign, music hkehˍ hpeˇ make gospel-music, conduct campaign hkehˍ hpeˇ te ve musical group (religious) hkehˍ hpeˇ awˬ moˍ lead (metal) hkehˆ pencil hkehˆ taˬ ดินสอ guest, visitor hkehˆ chaw แขก, ผู้มาเยือน hotel, inn hkehˆ chaw haˉ kuiˬ yehˬ โรงแรม have a feast, wedding celebration hkehˆ caˇ ve ฉลองสมรส clf for packets hkehˆ แผง this packet of medicine naˆ tcuhˇ chi teˇ hkehˆ ยาหนึ่งแผง horn hkaw เขา cow's horn nuˇ hkaw เขาวัว lump, clod hkaw whip (for animals) jawꞈ hkaw ไม้แส้ small whip (for disciplining) jawꞈ hkaw ehˉ ไม้แส้เล็ก walk slouching, stooping cawꞈ hkaw puiˉ ehˬ te toˇ ve เดินหลังโก่ง sit slouching, stooping cawꞈ hkaw puiˉ ehˬ mui ve นั่งหลังโก่ง beg and beseech, pray fervently lawˬ ve hkawˉ ve ขอร้อง, ขอโทษ offering tree, from small village to senior village at new year's festival hkawˉ tanˇ cehˬ offerings (animistˉ) hkawˉ luˉ hkawˉ tanˇ i'm sorry/apologize. hkawˉ ve yoˬ ขอโทษ gums (of the teeth) ciˬ hkawˉ เหงือก limp along, stagger hkawˉ hkawˉ k'ai ve quartet hkawˉ htehˆ ร้องสี่คน choir hkawˉ yehˬ ร้องเพลงประสานเสียง sound, noise hkawˇ เสียง don't make that kind of noise. chi hk'e ve hkawˇ taˇ te อย่าทำเสียงแบบน้ sound of a dog barking hpuiˇ lawˬ hkawˇ เสียงหมาเห่า sound of gunfire bawˆ hkawˇ เสียงยิง echo hkawˇ ho an echo resounds hkawˇ haweh bvuhˬ ve hear an echo hkawˇ haweh kaˇ ve you've got a nice voice. awˬ hkawˇ daꞈ jaˇ, nawˬ เสียงคุณดี be hoarse, raspy hkawˇ suhˉ ve เสียงแหบ the words he spoke yawˇ yaw ve hkawˇ เสียงพูดของเขา a song, poem k'a muiˬ hkawˇ ร้องเพลง a curse hkaˍ hkawˇ words, discourse tawˇ hkawˇ คำ เสียงพูด ภาษา a riddle tawˇ phaiˉ hkawˇ scolding words deˇ hkawˇ คำด่า a verdict, sentence in court tawˇ taˆ hkawˇ words of advice maˍ piˇ ve hkawˇ คำแนะนำ what other's say shu hkawˇ ภาษาอื่น you talk too much! hkawˇ jaˇ neˍ storytelling language a ponˬ hkai hkawˇ white man's language kaˇla hpu hkawˇ ภาษาอังกฤษ euphemism, fancy expression na sha hkawˇ ไพเราะ spoken language naꞈ uˉ hkawˇ เสียงสนทนา words of a blessing bon naꞈ hkawˇ คำอวยพร words of charm sha hkawˇ คำง่าย be familiar with foreign languages, customs shu hkawˇ shu shaˉ shiˍ ve รู้ภาษารู้ประเพณี respectful language yawˆ yan hkawˇ คำให้ความนับถือ written language liꞈ hkawˇ สือเพลง lahu language laˇhu hkawˇ ภาษาลาฮู one word hkawˇ teˇ hkawˇ abbreviation, short form or word hkawˇ ngeh full form, long form of word hkawˇ zuhˬ prefix awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ hkawˇ คำเริมต้น the mid tone awˬ k'awˉ zuh ve hkawˇ the low-falling tone hkawˇ nehˬ เสียงต่ำ the low short tone hkawˇ nehˬ ngeh เสียงสั้น the flat low tone hkawˇ nehˬ zuhˬ เสียงต่ำราบ the high-falling tone hkawˇ mvuh เสียงสูง the high-rising tone hkawˇ mvuh zuhˬ เสียงยาว the high short tone hkawˇ mvuh ngeh เสียงสั้น tones hkawˇ mvuh hkawˇ nehˬ เสียงสูงเสียงต่ำ tone marks hkawˇ mvuh hkawˇ nehˬ ve awˬ heˆ เครื่องหมายเสียงสูงเสียงต่ำ listen to advice hkawˇ na ve ฟังเสียง to be obedient, meek hkawˇ na puiˉ ve เชื่อฟัง have the sense to (v) (v) ve hkawˇ nawˇ ve when he's sick, doesn't have the sense to take medicine. yawˇ naˬ htaˇ naˆ tcuhˇ dawˬ hkawˇ maˇ nawˇ ve awˍ people's advice chaw hkawˇ ภาษาคน be unconscious chaw hkawˇ maˇ nawˇ คนไม่รู้บุญคูณ ignore advice, disobey advice chaw hkawˇ leuˉ ve ดื้อรัน proverb, saying of elders chaw mawˇ hkawˇ คำโบราณ the reason is probably (v) (v) ve hkawˇ it's probably because he doesn't understand. yawˇ maˇ shiˍ ve hkawˇ คำที่เขาไม่รู้ it's probably because you didn't converse properly with her! naꞈ uˉ hk'a dehꞈ aˇ te piˇ hkawˇ neˍ, nawˬ คุณไม่คอยพุด i'd like to say a few words tawˇ teˇ hkawˇ k'oˆ gaˇ ve yoˬ อยากพูดหนึ่งคำ clf for spoken words hkawˇ ภาษา heavily pouring, gush hkawˇ ve it's raining really hard! mvuhˇ yeˬ hkawˇ jaˇ เสียงฝนตกใหญ่ blood gushes, hemorrhages suh hkawˇ ve hail is thick vaˇ shiˍ hkawˇ ve ลูกเห็ดเยอะ clustered, clumped hkawˇ-ehˬ this fruit grows in thick clusters iˉ shiˍ chi teˇ ceuˬ hkawˇ-ehˬ nawꞈ ve ต้นไม้ต้นนี้มีผลดก communist hkawˇmiˇniˆ คอมมิวนิสต์ property hkawˇ liˉ cake, bread hkawˬ nuˉ, hkawˬ monˇ ขนม sticky rice hkawˬ newˉ a top hkawˍ ลูกข่าง a top spins hkawˍ gehˬ ve ลูกข่างหมุนเร็ว throw a top hkawˍ shiˍ baˬ ve ข้าวงลูกข่าง have an abundant yield hkawˍ this year the crop is not so plentiful. hk'awꞈ chi muiˬ caˇ tcuhˇ tcuh maˇ hkawˍ ปีนี้ไม่เหมาะที่จะทำไร่ abundant yield and rich income to hkawˍ toˍ mehꞈ-a suit well, fit well (clothing) hkawˍ ve เหมาะสม barn owl hkawˍ tawˍ นกเค้าแมว tax hkawnˍ pay taxes hkawnˍ keu ve, hkawnˍ piˇ ve collect taxes, exact tribute hkawnˍ shaw ve one fence hkawˆ teˇ kaˬ คุกอีกที่ put up a fence hkawˆ ko ve ล้อมรั้ว kennel, pen for dogs hpuiˇ hkawˆ กรงสุนัข chicken coop g'aˆ hkawˆ ehˬ เล้วไก่ put in jail, imprison hkawˆ hk'aw keu ve ใส่ในคุก jail hkawˆ คอก six hkawꞈ ผสม saturday (shinˉ peuˬ) hkawꞈ nyi วันเสาร์ mix together hkawꞈ ve ใส่ already mixed in, included hkawꞈ taˍ ve mixed together, confused hkawꞈ daꞈ ve ผสมกัน ปนกัน the lahu and the karens pray together. laˇhuˍ yaˇ yanˇ chaw hkawꞈ daꞈ leh bon lawˬ ve yoˬ. คนลาอูคนกระเหรียงอยู่ด้วยกันแล้วอธิษฐาน shuffle cards hpaiˍ hkawꞈ daꞈ piˇ ve all mixed up, a tangled mess hkawꞈ hkawꞈ hawˆ hawˆ ผสมผสานกัน scarce, scattered hkawꞈ hkaꞈ ve foot, leg hkui แช่ foot of a ladder, ramp go hkui tripod ha hkui สามขา tiger's footprints laˇ hkui ลอยเท้าเสือ have one's legs or feet crossed hkui k'uˉ daꞈ ve เท้าไขว้กัน sit with crossed legs hkui k'uˉ te mui ve นั่วไขว้ห้าง นั่งไขว้ เท้า ankle hkui k'awˍ lehˍ น่องหัวเข่า the whole leg hkui k'awꞈ, hkui g'awˇ หน้าขา หน้าแข้ง a cripple hkui k'awꞈ paˍ คนขางอ hoof hkui kiˉ achilles tendon hkui ku caˆ anklet hkui kawˬ heel hkui ngehˍ co-e, hkui mehˍ to limp along hkui ngehˆ hkui ngehˆ te ve stand on tiptoes hkui cu nyi te ve เขย่งเท้า walk on tiptoes hkui cu nyi toˇ k'ai ve เดินเขย่ง squat on one's toes hkui cu nyiˉ te leh mui ve นั่งยอง to be crippled in the legs hkui tcuh ve ขาพิการ knee hkui tcuhˉ ข้อเท้า may their knees become weak! hkui tcuhˉ hk'a wehˍ k'ai piˇ mehˍ kneel, bend the knee hkui tcuhˉ teh ve คุกเข่า comforter dawˇ sha gaˇ sha tuˬ te shehˍ hpaˇ ผู้ที่ทำให้มีความสุข flagpole aˬ laˬ hkui tuˇ stem of a mushroom mvuhˬ hkui tuˇ flower stem awˬ veˆ hkui tuˇ sole of foot hkui taw k'aw the whole foot hkui taw pa ฝ่าเท้า stump of a foot or leg hkui tawˇ one's footing, balance hkui htiˇ สะคุค to stumble hkui htiˇ ponˬ ve สะดุดเท้า stumbling-block hkui htiˇ ponˬ kuiˬ ที่สะคุคเท้า to kick hkui hteˆ ve ยกแข้ง have a broken leg, be lame hkui hteh ve ขาหัก crippled and blind hkui hteh mehˆ cuˉ ขาหักตาบอด sock hkui dawˇ ถุงเท้า take a step hkui naˆ ve เท้าดำ to slip, take a false step hkui naˆ leˆ ve เหยีอบลื่น hop hkui neˆ te ve เขย่าเท้า toe hkui naw นิ้วเท้า space inbetween toes hkui naw kaˍ ง่ามนิว have athlete's foot hkui naw kaˍ lawˆ ve little toe hkui naw cehˉ นิ้วก้อย middle toe hkui naw juhˇ fourth toe hkui naw daꞈ นิ้วเท้าดี second toe hkui naw zuiˬ นิ้วชี้ a step hkui piˍ ก้าวเท้า calf of leg hkui pehˍ k'u น่อง big toe hkui ma peuˍ หัวแม่เท้า hem of a skirt hteh du hkui meuˇ ปลายผ้าถุง handicrafts, hands and feet hkui meuˇ laꞈ meuˇ งามฝีมือ footprints hkui ha, hkui haiˇ ร่องลอยเท้า beneath the foot hkui hawˉ ใต้ฝ่าเท้า toenail hkui shiˍ k'uˉ เล็บเท้า talon of a bird ngaˆ hkui shiˍ k'uˉ เล็บนก go by foot, on foot hkui sheh juˇ ve เดินเท้า pedal (of bicycle) hkui sheh naˆ kuiˬ ที่เหยีบเท้า sprain one's ankle hkui sheh mehˆ ve เท้าเคล็ด sins of hands and feet (action) hkui venˇ laꞈ venˇ a cripple hkui luˬ paˍ เท้าพิการ delicious, taste good hkui ve รสดี อร่อย monkey meat is delicious! mawꞈ sha caˇ ve hkui jaˇ กินลิงเนื้อแล้วหยิ่งมาก flavor hkui ve to shine hkui ve the sun shines mvuhˇ cha hkui e แดดออก moonlight ha pa hkui ดวงจันทร์ส่องสว่าง the moonlight is beautiful. ha pa hkui daꞈ jaˇ ดวงจันทร์ส่องสว่างมาก midnight shehˍ k'aw hkui เที่ยงคืน a short time from now, in a moment aˬ muˬ teˇ hkui อีกสักครู่ now, just now chi teˇ hkui ตอนนี้ at once, immediately teˇ hkui tiˉ เดี๋ยวนี้เท่านั้น after a while... teˇ hkui gaˬ leh... มาถึงเดี๋ยวนี้ occasionally, once in a while, temporarily teˇ hkui teˇ yanˇ ชั่วครู่ชั่วยาม wait a minute! teˇ hkui sheˍ เดี๋ยวก่อน wait a minute! teˇ hkui law-a รอสักครู่ the beginning, time when something begins hkui yaˇ delicious, rich taste mehˬ ve hkuiˉ ve อร่อย post, pillar hkuiˉ daw เสา shoe, sandal hkuiˉ nuˆ รองเท้า shoelace hkuiˉ nuˆ caˆ สายรองเท้า great sambar deer hkuiˉ zuhˍ กวาง ringworm, eczema hkuiˉ zuhˍ lehˬ hehꞈ tomato hkuiˉ shiˍ nyiˉ มะเขือเทศ kind of tiny bug with itchy bite hkuiˇ very fertile country hkuiˇ jaˇ ve mvuhˇ miˬ เมืองที่อุดมสมบูรณ์ fertile ground miˬ hkuiˇ ปุ๋ย good and fertile daꞈ ve hkuiˇ ve ปุ๋ยดี fertilizer miˬ hkuiˇ son's wife, daughter in law hkuiˇ ma สะใภ้ your daughter in law and your son nawˬ hkuiˇ nawˬ yaˇ สะใภ็ของคุณ night hkuiˇ all night taˇ hkuiˇ กลางคืน all night and all day taˇ hkuiˇ taˇ vanˇ กลางคืนกลางวัน be ungrateful hkuiˬ ve หยิ่ง be disobedient, disrespectful, stuck-up hkuiˬ ve ngaˇ ve curse, revile (red lahu) hkeu ve สาปแช่ง to lay a curse on someone hkeu pfuhˍ piˇ ve สาปแช่งใส่ a race of people chaw ceuˬ teˇ hkeuˇ one kind; the very same kind teˇ ceuˬ teˇ hkeuˇ วงศ์ญาติ go, march hkeuˬ ve เหยีบหยาม come on! let's go! hkeuˬ< let's go back home! hkeuˬ< k'oꞈ-e get out of here! haˆ hkeu< loˬ be burnt hkeuꞈ ve ยาก ลำบาก the pork is burnt. vaꞈ sha hkeuꞈ-e ve เนื้อหมูไหม้ burnt rice awˍ hkeuꞈ ข้าว้ไหม้ burnt rice (sticks to pot) caˬ hkeuꞈ ข้าวไหม้ be an easy task kanˉ maˇ hkeuꞈ งานไม่ลำบาก i don't have any work to do. teˇ chiˉ maˇ hkeuꞈ ไม่ลำบากเลย all that trouble for nothing! hkeuꞈ deˇ yoˬ เหนื่อยเปล่า everything went wrong today. yaꞈ nyi lehˬ hkuiꞈ deˇ yoˬ mehˍ วันนี้เหนื่อยเปล่า a loaf of bread hkawˬ monˇ teˇ shiˍ ขนมหนึ่งก้อน half of the day hkawˬ vanˇ the afternoon, p.m. mvuhˇ hpeuꞈ teˇ hkawˬ vanˇ ตอนบ่าย the morning, a.m. mvuhˇ shawˉ teˇ hkawˬ vanˇ ตอนเช้า be jealous of, envy hkawehˉ อิจฉา ริษยา don't envy other people. shu aꞈ taˇ hkawehˉ อย่าอิจฉาคนอื่น small cymbal hkawehˉ ma ฉิ่งฉับ half an hour naˍ liˍ teˇ hkawehˇ ครึ่งชั่วโมง an hour and a half teˇ naˍ liˍ hkawehˇ หนึ่งชั่วโมงครึ่ง christ hkriꞈ คริสต์ christians hkriꞈ yaˇ คริสเตียน to help, contribute one's labor ga ve ช่วย to help ga piˇ ve ช่วยเหลือ to help someone work kanˉ ga piˇ ve ช่วยงาน lend a hand to help someone (contribute strength) g'aˇ ga piˇ ve ให้ความช่วยเหลือ aid and abet ga kaˬ ve help me to love you more! haꞈ maˇ la tuˬ ga laˇ mehˍ work for wages g'aˇ ga ve earn a living by working for someone g'aˇ ga caˇ ve ทำมาหากิน (v) in a group, all together ga hpoˆ (v) รวม laugh all together ga hpoˆ g'uiˬ ve creeping, crawling on hands and knees gaˉ go lo (k'ai ve) คลานไป a rake gaˉ shuˍ large edible jungle spider gaˉ yaˍ ma a swing gaˉ yu ชิงช้า a bicycle wheel sho koˇ gaˉ yaw ล้อมจักรยาน wooden wheel, wheelbarrow suhˆ gaˉ yaw ล้อมไม้ tire, wheel (car) loˍliˍ gaˉ yaw ล้อมรถ spoke of a wheel gaˉ yaw awˬ hehˇ taˬ axle (shaft connecting wheels) gaˉ yaw awˬ sheh lonˉ get a puncture in a tire gaˉ yaw juˆ pawˍ ve เจาะยาง tricycle, three-wheeler gaˉ yaw shehˆ maˬ ve sho kuˇ สามล้อม pacify a baby (by playing w/ it) yaˇ gaˇ ve โอ๋ลูก to want to (v), it looks as if (v) will occur, like to (v) (v) gaˇ ve คุยกับเด็ก want to go again k'awꞈ k'ai gaˇ ve อยากไปอีก do (clause) on purpose te gaˇ leh... (clause) อยากทำ not do (clause) on purpose maˇ te gaˇ leh...(clause) ไม่อยากทำ his wife doesn't want to let him buy (it) again. awˬ miˇ ma yawˇ aꞈ maˇ k'awꞈ vuiˬ tcuh gaˇ it looks like it will rain. mvuhˇ yeˬ laˬ gaˇ ve ฝนกำลังจะตก feel emotion, desire gaˇ ve be serene, have peace of mind dawˇ sha gaˇ sha ve ความสุข hope for fervently, long for dawˇ law gaˇ law ความหวัง arrive at, reach, manage to do something gaˬ ve ถึง the week before last oˇ teˇ shinˉ maˇ gaˬ sheˍ htaˇ too early awˬ yanˇ maˇ gaˬ sheˍ htaˇ when they got hungry awˍ meuꞈ la htaˇ gaˬ leh... we stayed in chiang mai 2 months. cenˇ maiˇ venˇ chehˇ ve ha pa nyiˇ maˬ gaˬ ve yoˬ. bees arrive, come and form a new nest pehˇ gaˬ ve reach the point of, come to a certain pass gaˬ-e ve has arrived at, has reached gaˬ-oˬ it's time to eat. awˍ caˇ ve awˬ yanˇ gaˬ-oˬ what time is itˉ hk'aˬ nyiˇ naˍ liˍ gaˬ oˬ le when (in the future) gaˬ k'o arrive frequently, get to go somewhere often gaˬ puiˉ ve be first to arrive awˉ lawˉ gaˬ la ve cause to come about, bring gaˬ la tcuh piˇ ve the only one who can bring happy times is you. ha lehˬ htaˇ gaˬ la tcuh puiˉ ve nawˬ tiˉ yoˬ. we've really arrived! we've made it! gaˬ lonˉ ma yoˬ arrive at one's destination k'ai gaˬ ve arrive here laˬ gaˬ ve getting to be hungry awˍ meuꞈ la gaˬ leh get up, stand up, manage to get up tu gaˬ ve cannot reach by climbing, can't climb up to taˆ-e maˇ gaˇ try unsuccessfully to (v) (v) leh maˇ gaˬ i try to lift my feet and cannot. hkui chiˇ leh aˇ gaˬ an upward slope gaˬ taˆ have a steep upward slope gaˬ taˆ uiˍ jaˇ, gaˬ taˆ lonˉ climb up a slope gaˬ taˆ taˆ ve a downward slope gaˬ yaꞈ spin out (threads) gaˍ ve go crawling gaˆ k'ai ve to scratch, rake gaˆ ve scratch one's head oˉ k'oˍ gaˆ ve to hoe the earth k'awˇ gaˆ ve to strum a guitar tiˍ gaˆ ve scratch around everywhere gaˆ taˆ gaˆ yaꞈ have to scratch out a living gaˆ ponˬ gaˆ leuˉ ve scratch something open gaˆ pawˍ ve brush something away (hear from face) gaˆ peu ve rake handle gaˆ shuˍ awˬ tuˇ, gaˉ shuˍ awˬ tuˇ handle things hastily gaˆ shoˆ te ve hastily, quickly gaˆ-ehˬ be striped, patterned gaꞈ ve a striped shirt gaꞈ-ehˬ ve aˉ poꞈ zebra iˉ mvuhˇ gaꞈ leopard, panther laˇ gaꞈ to see indistinctly, get a glimpse gaꞈ gaꞈ ehˬ mawˬ ve gear giˍ yaˍ prepare, make ready, practice, fix gu ve i haven't got my things ready yet. ngaˬ mawˇ maˇ g'a gu sheˍ words rehearsed, a prepared speech gu taˍ ve tawˇ hkawˇ make a plan, a course of action awˬ hk'a gu ve prepare food, cook caˇ tuˬ gu ve get something ready for future, give forethought to dawˇ gu ve arrange, prepare gu ji ve all prepared in advance gu taˍ hehnˇ taˍ ve prepare by softening gu nuˇ ve hold in readiness, prepared in advance gu haꞈ shaˉ ve prepared, make ready gu law taˍ ve cure illness gu na-e ve treat with medicine naˆ tcuhˇ gu ve discipline someone (i.e. fine) awˬ hiꞈ gu ve change something for better, transform gu pa ve rebuke someone gu maˍ ve to get fixed up, remodeled, reformed gu la ve a mechanic caꞈ gu paˍ to check over, verify k'awꞈ gu nyi ve retie, tie better gu tcuhꞈ ve sort out, classify gu teh ve fix by sewing, mend gu tawˉ ve straighten something gu hteˇ ve think things over again, rethink gu dawˇ nyi ve rewrite, revise something written gu bvuhꞈ ve correct one's speech gu yaw ve wallet, purse hpu guˉ pi a mat guˉ yiˆ three mats guˉ yiˆ shehˆ hk'oˆ pigeon, dove guˇ tame pigeon guˇ meuˇ go off to sulk, refuse to see people vaꞈ guˬ te ve bump with the head, butt, collide head-on guˆ ve butt vigorously k'a guˆ ve collide with each other head-on guˆ daꞈ ve hurt by butting guˆ naˬ ve be struck and killed by car lawˍliˍ guˆ pehˍ ve bulldozer, tractor miˬ guiˬ guˆ caꞈ intensifier used after verbs geꞈ-e suddenly go off somewhere k'ai geꞈ-e ve hit something hard heuˆ-e geꞈ-e ve drop dead suddenly, to have just died suh geꞈ-e ve wooden stairs to lahu house go ramp to chicken-coop g'aˆ go a wooden ramp suhˆ go a house ladder yehˬ go rung of a ladder go hk'ehꞈ put a ladder against something go tcuhˉ ve climb ladder, steps go taˆ ve to wither nawˍ k'ai goˇ k'ai ve dried up, withered goˇ ehˬ dry skin awˬ guiˬ goˇ-ehˬ ve all dried up vi goˇ ehˬ ve dry up, become withered goˇ-ehˬ hpehꞈ ve to be thin, skinny goˬ ve to be skinny, scrawny goˬ ve cawˉ ve scrawny pig vaꞈ goˬ ve go into, enter, infect geh ve catch a disease, fall ill a naˬ geh naˬ ve to catch a cold tcuh yehˇ geh naˬ ve enter certain time, season awˬ yanˇ geh ve enter the new year hk'awꞈ geh ve for a disease to be contagious a naˬ geh daꞈ (puiˉ) ve noun particle meaning 'with', nearby geh please stay with us tonight! yaꞈ puiˉ ngaˬ hui geh chehˇ mehˍ we see with our eyes. ngaˬ hui mehˆ shiˍ geh mawˬ ve come to father! a pa geh laˬ oꞈ he has returned from the lawa. yawˇ aˉ vaˬ geh k'awꞈ la oˬ a spear, long dagger gehˇ spear gehˇ cuˉ pehˆ carry a spear gehˇ cuˉ pehˆ shi ve spear-tip gehˇ meuˇ spear-handle gehˇ tuˇ stick into, thrust into gehˇ ve to swoop down gehˇ ce ve to pierce gehˇ juˆ ve it still hasn't been long since he went and became a christian. bon yaˇ ca hpehꞈ la gehˇ shawˍ arrive recently gaˬ la gehˇ ve to (v) recently (v) gehˇ ve, guiˇ ve pillow uˉ gehˇ spin around fast, whirl, be fast gehˬ ve the current's very fast. g'uiˬ yoˬ gehˬ jaˇ be off in a hurry k'ai gehˬ-e ve run away fast hpaw gehˬ e ve to scrape (with knife) gehˆ ve to celebrate vigorously gehˆ ve to repair something, make good as new gu gehˆ ve rattan gawˇ have a muscle tensed awˬ shaˍ dawˇ gawˇ ehˬ k'ai ve flex a muscle awˬ shaˍ dawˇ gawˇ ehˬ te ve a hilly place, slope gawˇ lawˇ be cool, chilly, cold gawˬ ve it's very chilly today. yaꞈ nyi gawˬ jaˇ cool off, get cold gawˬ la ve to cool something off, let cool down gawˬ la tcuh ve cold water iˉ kaˆ gawˬ ve icebox, refrigerator ta k'oˍ gawˬ cold while sleeping zuhꞈ gawˬ ve rain softens mvuhˇ yeˬ gawˬ la ve the country calms down mvuhˇ miˬ gawˬ la ve have chills, sick and cold gawˬ naˬ ve when troubles come... naˬ la gawˬ la k'o... cold gawˬ ehˬ if the water's too cold, the paddy won't be good. iˉ kaꞈ gawˬ ehˬ caˬ maˇ daꞈ unpleasantly cold, deserted gawˬ cu gawˬ pehˆ peaceful, at peace, quiet gawˬ lehꞈ may peace be with everyone in your households. yehˬ yaˇ k'a yaˇ teˇ hpaˍ gawˬ lehꞈ ve nawˬ hui awˬ hk'oˆ cawˬ piˇ-oˆ mehˍ when we remain at peace gawˬ lehꞈ hpehꞈ chehˇ htaˇ in silence; peace and quiet taꞈ iˉ gawˬ lehꞈ peacefully; quietly gawˬ lehꞈ-ehˬ please stay there quietly. gawˬ lehꞈ ehˬ chehˇ aˍ mehˍ hit below mark, fall short, be less than awˍ hawˉ gawꞈ ve slip over a surface gui ve lose one's footing, slip naˆ gui (e) ve slide, slip leˆ gui (e) ve sharpen a metal tool gui shiˍ ve discipline someone with blows, knock sense into gui hpehˇ ve visit, socialize, play around guiˇ ve please come and visit again! teˇ pawˆ k'awꞈ guiˇ la mehˍ blood circulates awˬ suhˍ guiˇ ve to visit ca guiˇ ve fool around, joke around with baˇ guiˇ ve unborn child moves around in womb yaˇ guiˇ ve visit too often, wear out welcome guiˇ ponˬ guiˇ leuˉ to fornicate guiˇ yaꞈ ve to (v) for fun, for pleasure (v) guiˇ ve joke, say for fun k'oˆ guiˇ ve do for fun, pretend to do te guiˇ ve wander around for pleasure, at leisure toˇ guiˇ ve look at for fun nyi guiˇ ve to have casual intercourse paꞈ guiˇ ve sit around and socialize mui guiˇ ve to nap, snooze zuhꞈ guiˇ ve to play leˍ guiˇ ve ice-skate a ngeu diˬ hk'oˆ lawˬ guiˇ ve to split up, separate guiˇ ve part from one another hpaˆ daꞈ guiˇ daꞈ ve skin, outer covering guiˬ scalp oˉ k'oˍ guiˬ skin of the belly k'ehˬ guiˬ animal skin, hide shaˍ guiˬ sheepskin yawˬ guiˬ to have a creepy feeling, fearful anticipation guiˬ yuˇ ve root (of a tree) (suhˆ) geuˬ grind, reduce to fine particles, digest geuˆ ve grind corn sha ma geuˆ ve the stomach digests the things that have been eaten. awˍ fuiˉ k'oˍ caˇ aˍ ve awˬ ceuˬ geuˆ ve windmill mvuhˇ haw meuˆ leh geuˆ ve caꞈ grind to a powder geuˆ meu-e ve be sandy shehˇ geuˆ ve a net geuꞈ a fishing net ngaˇ hpeh tuˬ ve geuꞈ to cast a net geuꞈ hpehˇ ve cast a net and drag through the water geuꞈ hpehˇ g'awˬ ve lead mine geuꞈ law bawˍ melt lead geuꞈ law lawˍ ve clamp down on with teeth, hold firmly in mouth geuꞈ ve gnash one's teeth, clench one's teeth ciˬ geuꞈ ve bite into yuˬ geuꞈ ve break in two by biting geuꞈ hkoˇ ve eat without using hands geuꞈ caˇ ve bite to death geuꞈ pehˍ ve be sleepy zuhꞈ muiˉ geuꞈ ve to spread apart, open up ngaˉ ve to spread one's legs hkui sheh ngaˉ ve to open eyes wide to see mehˆ ngaˉ nyi ve open the mouth wide, yawn mawꞈ g'aw ngaˉ ve go stepping over ngaˉ heuˬ-e ve split, spread out, forked ngaˉ-ehˬ straddle something hpaˇ k'aˍ ngaˉ-ehˬ te ve fish ngaˇ explosive used in fishing ngaˇ iˉ shiˍ fish eggs, spawn ngaˇ u a fin ngaˇ awˬ biˆ fishing hole in stream ngaˇ k'oˍ go fishing ngaˇ ca ve fisherman ngaˇ ca paˍ make fish come by offering food ngaˇ caˇ la piˇ te ve kind of stinging catfish ngaˇ deˇ ma gill of a fish ngaˇ naˍ paw koˆ goldfish ngaˇ nyiˉ catching fish by poisoning stream ngaˇ naˆ tcuhˇ dawˆ keu ve fishpond ngaˇ nawnˉ po fish with a hook and line ngaˇ biˆ ve fish-hook ngaˇ biˆ tuˬ go diving for fish ngaˇ ca beuˬ ve fishbone ngaˇ mvuhꞈ ku loach ngaˇ mehˉ nyi fish (as food) ngaˇ shaˍ tinned, canned fish ngaˇ shaˍ bawˆ fish scale ngaˇ shehˆ to catch fish ngaˇ yuˬ ve eel ngaˇ vuiˬ a whale, big fish ngaˇ lonˉ swordfish ngaˇ liˉ leu five ngaˇ five fish ngaˇ ngaˇ hkeh friday (shinˉ peu ngaˇ nyi) faint, lose consciousness ngaˇ pawnˍ ve does not faint ngaˇ maˇ pawnˍ i, me ngaˬ i myself ngaˬ awˬ to as for me... ngaˬ k'o... as far as i'm concerned... ngaˬ tiˉ k'o... my household ngaˬ teˇ hk'oˇ my spouse ngaˇ teˇ ca i myself, i all by myself ngaˬ hk'aˇ ngaˬ my baby ngaˬ ehˉ my area, my fellowmen ngaˬ uˉ ngaˬ hpawˇ grandmother! ngaˬ pi oˬ father! ngaˬ pa oˬ we, us ngaˬ hui all of us ngaˬ hui teˇ hpaˍ we ourselves, we all by ourselves ngaˬ hui hk'aˇ ngaˬ hui for our sake ngaˬ hui awˬ pon the two of us, both of us ngaˬ huiˉ maˬ to borrow, lend, rent ngaˍ ve to rent a house yehˬ ngaˍ ve to borrow money hpu ngaˍ ve to borrow ngaˍ yuˬ ve to lend ngaˍ piˇ ve, ngaˍ laˇ ve bird ngaˆ bird's egg ngaˆ u a bird sets on its eggs, nests ngaˆ awˬ mvuhˍ mvuhˍ ve a bird hole ngaˆ k'oˍ trap birds ngaˆ teh ve a birdcatcher ngaˆ htaw caˇ paˍ feather ngaˆ mvuh drongos ngaˆ mehˍ caˉ bird's bill, beak ngaˆ mawꞈ k'aw blow a whistle ngaˆ meuˆ ve baby bird, nestling ngaˆ yehˇ ehˉ budget (from thai) ngoˆ pa man lean against, recline on ngeh ve leaning against ngeh taˍ ve lean something against ngeh piˇ ve sit leaning against something ngeh mui ve be short ngeh ve to shorten something ngeh piˇ ve for a sound to be faint awˬ hkawˇ ngehˉ ve to look after, care for (red lahu) ngehˇ (piˇ) ve nasal (of a voice) ngehˇ lehˇ bird (red lahu) ngehˆ whine, whimper ngehˆ ve act responsibly, observe proper conduct awˬ ngaw te ve, chaw ngaw te ve stupid ngaw ve enough, about right amount ngaw ve quite enough to (v), almost enough (v) lawꞈ ngaw ngaw if there's so little, i don't see how it's enough to live on. chi hueyˉ k'o caˇ lawꞈ ngaw maˇ mawˬ to be at the point of (v)-ing (v) ngaw ngaw k'ai|hpehꞈ|te ve they're at the point of falling in love. yawˇ hui haꞈ daꞈ ngaw ngaw te ve he can almost read now! yawˇ liꞈ g'aw hpehꞈ ngaw ngaw k'ai ve to stick to, to cling to ngawˉ ve to be sprinkled with water iˉ kaˆ ngawˉ la ve grime, crud sticks to awˬ meˇ ngawˉ ve get eczema lehˬ hehꞈ ngawˉ ve stick to each other ngawˉ daꞈ ve be sticky ngawˉ puiˉ ve glue, adhesive ngawˉ daꞈ puiˉ ve awˬ g'uiˬ to stare, raise one's head to see ngawˉ ve, ngawˇ ve to stare at ngawˉ-ehˬ te nyi ve with staring eyes ngawˉ-ehˬ rambutan ngawˆ upright, erect, sticking out ngawˆ ehˬ frost, ice a ngeu silver, money ngeuˇ monthly wages ngeuˇ leuˉ pour (into container) ngeuˬ ve pour out, empty out ngeuˬ baˬ ve to be easy ngai ve it wouldn't be a bad idea to go along above the river. lawˬ k'aˉ hk'oˆ k'ai ve maˇ ca ngai sheˍ to search for, seek, look for ca ve look for something lost awˬ tehˬ ca ve be interested in getting married awˬ hpawˇ awˬ miˇ ca ve look for something very intently hkehˬ ca ve there he is seeking intently through the bible! yawˇ liꞈ hpu g'aˇ hteꞈ hkehˬ ca chehˇ mawˬ-aˬ find what one was looking for ca mawˬ ve not be able to find something ca maˇ mawˬ seek and not find, be unsuccessful in one's search ca maˇ g'a saturday (ˉ) ca caˇ g'aꞈ caˇ-e nyi we are seeking (thy) grace/blessings. awˬ bon ca ve yoˬ consult a witch doctor mawˉ ca ve seek to (v), go/come and (v) ca (v) ve seek one's livelihood ca caˇ ve have to seek one's livelihood g'a ca caˇ ve seek and obtain (through one's efforts) ca ve g'aꞈ ve g'a ve go meet a friend and bring him home awˬ chawˇ ca shiˍ k'oˬ ve he's come back from cutting bamboo in the jungle. hehˆ puiˉ hk'aw awˍ vaˇ ca htu k'awꞈ la oˬ a visitor, a guest ca guiˇ la ve chaw go around borrowing from people ca chiˇ ca ngaˍ go and live somewhere else ca chehˇ k'ai ve to accuse someone, take a matter before authority venˇ baˆ ca taˍ ve to bury ca tuˍ ve to make arrangements, make preparations ca teh ve report something, go/come and tell something ca hto ve to go and look at, go and see something ca nyi ve try looking for ca nyi ve go/come and send ca peu ve go to meet someone, receive someone ca haꞈ ve come to study ca henˇ la go to sleep ca zuhꞈ ve come and make trouble ca yaꞈ ca te la ve come and fetch something ca yuˬ la ve clf for couples, pairs ca a married couple chaw teˇ ca husband and wife awˬ hpawˇ awˬ miˇ teˇ ca mighty, powerful (animistˉ) ca la blacksmith, armorer, metal-worker ca liˉ paˍ boil, cook in water caˉ ve boil something to eat caˉ caˇ ve go and boil and eat ca caˉ caˇ ve to boil and set aside to cool caˉ teh ve boil until done caˉ nawꞈ ve join, connect, continue caˉ ve perform a life-extending ceremony (red lahu) aˉ yuꞈ caˉ ve shake hands, join hands in marriage laꞈ k'awˍ caˉ ve be related, involved, connected together caˉ daꞈ ve people connected by kinship awˬ viˉ awˬ nyi caˉ daꞈ ve chaw mend something, put something back together again k'awꞈ caˉ daꞈ piˇ ve be related in meaning tcuhˉ kuiˬ caˉ daꞈ ve junction, point of connection caˉ daꞈ kuiˬ melt together, weld chiˆ caˉ daꞈ ve everything involved with this work chi ve kanˉ htaꞈ ca caˉ daꞈ ve teˇ hpaˍ the consequences involved in smoking opium yaˍ finˍ dawˬ ve htaꞈ caˉ daꞈ ve tcuhˉ kuiˬ continue with one's studies caˉ henˇ ve staff, personnel tcuh yaˇ caˉ yaˇ stepmother awˬ e caˉ stepfather awˬ pa caˉ stepchildren hpawˇ caˉ miˇ caˉ yaˇ clf for groups, for generations caˉ generation after generation teˇ caˉ peuˬ teˇ caˉ orchid caˉ k'awˇ veˆ heavy stirring spoon caˉ behˆ oar haw loꞈ k'oˍ caˉ behˆ to eat caˇ ve eat food, eat rice awˍ caˇ ve eat standing up tu caˇ ve eat medicine, take poison naˆ tcuhˇ caˇ ve be moth-eaten peuˍ fuˇ caˇ ve eat sitting down mui caˇ ve be corroded, eaten by rust yawˇ caˇ ve this kind of iron doesn't get rusty. sho chi teˇ ceuˬ yawˇ maˇ caˇ have tooth decay ciˬ puˇ caˇ ve eat crazily g'uˇ caˇ g'awˆ caˇ ve be a big eater caˇ uiˍ ve eat to excess caˇ hk'eh ve have a snack caˇ guiˇ ve food caˇ tuˬ to be stingy with food caˇ tuˬ ve to be edible, good to eat caˇ daꞈ ve eat selfishly, glutton caˇ naˉ ve firstfruits, first food from new crops caˇ uˉ dawˬ uˉ a glutton, a big eater caˇ uiˍ dawˬ uiˍ paˍ eating utensils, food and drink caˇ hk'eu dawˬ hk'eu to eat and drink to one's fill caˇ bvuhꞈ dawˬ bvuhꞈ ve spill food or drink, leave uneaten caˇ sheˆ dawˬ sheˆ ve eat poisonous, spoiled food caˇ yaꞈ dawˬ yaꞈ ve a restaurant caˇ yehˬ dawˬ yehˬ eating manners caˇ liˇ dawˬ liˇ to be good to eat, edible caˇ na ve someone who comes to eat caˇ paˍ old food, food one eats all the time caˇ piˍ eat well, good appetite caˇ puiˉ ve finish eating caˇ hpehˇ ve eat a lot caˇ maˇ ve be cooked until done caˇ meh ve it's not cooked very thoroughly. caˇ tcuhˬ aꞈ maˇ meh be delicious, enjoy one's food caˇ mehˬ ve not enjoy one's food caˇ maˇ mehˬ dawˬ maˇ mehˬ time to eat caˇ yanˇ it looks delicious! caˇ lu diˬ aˬ regain one's appetite caˇ lawn meuꞈ lawn k'ai ve be enough to eat caˇ lawꞈ ve he lives on 10,000 baht a month. yawˇ teˇ ha pa ve teˇ meunˍ baꞈ caˇ ve yoˬ depend on others for a living hehnˇ caˇ ve to divide caˇ baˬ ve try dividing 70 by 20 first. suhˍ chi awˬ hk'aw lo nyiˇ chi caˇ a nyi sheˍ. hunt animals to eat g'aꞈ caˇ ve to hate canˇ ve an enemy, hated person canˇ paˍ feel hate, have hate in one's heart nyi ma canˇ ve to test, put to test canˇ ve to test, try out canˇ nyi lawˇ nyi ve horseshoe iˉ mvuhˇ caˇ list, account, register caˇ lanˇ ledger, account-book caˇ lanˇ bvuhꞈ ve liꞈ check over/audit accounts caˇ lanˇ chaˬ nyi ve the bible canˇ liꞈ old testament canˇ liꞈ awˬ piˍ new testament canˇ liꞈ awˬ suhˉ paddy, rice caˬ the rice in a swidden heh caˬ first rice to be harvested caˬ uˉ ma threshing floor caˬ jawꞈ kuiˬ sticky rice caˬ nawˇ cooked sticky rice caˬ nawˇ awˍ uncooked sticky rice caˬ nawˇ hk'a carry threshed paddy back to the village caˬ pfuhˇ ve ricefield caˬ miˬ sow rice broadcast caˬ sheˍ ve hill-rice caˬ sheˆ first rice of year caˬ suhˉ rice seed caˬ yawˇ plant rice by hand caˬ yawˇ hk'a ve be cleaver, skillful, be brave, energetic caˬ ve okay, son in law, if you're so smart, just try to catch this fart of mine! ngaˬ maˉ oˬ, maˉ caˬ k'o, aˬ puˍ hk'ehˇ tehꞈ ve g'aꞈ yuˬ a nyi he's a very good worker. yawˇ kanˉ te caˬ jaˇ be fierce, dangerous canˬ ve fierce demons neˇ caˬ neˇ lawˇ vicious people chaw caˬ chaw lawˇ clf for shelves, layers, levels caˬ two shelves htiˍ nyiˇ caˬ 9 levels, 9 stories awˬ htaiˍ k'awˇ caˬ domestic animal ceˇ caˬ goldsmith caˬ hkanˇ paˍ name given to firstborn son caˬ uˉ name for a firstborn son caˬ uiˍ dummy, foolish man caˬ k'aˍ paˍ name given to boy born on a moonlit night or at midnight caˬ hkui fatty, fatso (nickname) caˬ chu paˍ name given to only son caˬ tiˍ rabbit (man's name) caˬ htawˇ good-looking, lucky (man's name) caˬ daꞈ name for last born son caˬ leh blackie (to name male animal) caˬ naˆ whitie (to name male animal) caˬ hpu goldie (to name male animal) caˬ shi weevil (elephant like 'trunk') caˬ kawehˬ daddy-long legs, biting beetle caˬ go lo dragonfly caˬ paˍ shuˉ hk'u nyi daddy-long legs caˬ mvuhˇ caˬ k'a peh monitor lizard caˬ hkehˍ crocodile iˉ kaˆ caˬ hkehˍ chameleon caˬ mvuhˇ kuiˬ not so much caˬ caˬ as for work, i don't see that there's so much. kanˉ awˍ hk'e caˬ caˬ maˇ cawˬ mawˬ changwat caˬvaˆ governor of a province caˬvaˆ awˬ to to feed, give to eat caˍ ve give food and drink to caˍ ve taw ve to force-feed dawˆ caˍ ve to chew up and feed to (an infant) behˇ caˍ ve to feed someone maꞈ caˍ ve please give us something to eat. a ciˉ maꞈ caˍ laˇ-oˆ food distribution center caˍ saˉ naˉ feed and give sustenance maꞈ caˍ vaˇ caˍ an employee g'a caˍ caˇ paˍ to sprout, shoot (of a bud, new growth) caˍ ve sprout forth, shoot up caˍ la ve the tea is really sprouting laˬ caˍ maˇ to stand firm, hold firm canˍ yuˬ ve i'm really attracted to that girl! yaˇ miˇ haˉ oˇ ve ngaˬ caˆ jaˇ be addicted to awˬ yeˬ caˆ ve treat with contempt, disdain someone maˇ caˆ piˇ ve vein, artery, blood-vessel awˬ suhˍ caˆ nerve jawˬ caˆ electric cord daˆ caˆ strap for rifle ngaˆ caˆ umbilical cord g'uˇ tu caˆ chain sho caˆ break off relations with a child yaˇ caˆ cheˆ piˇ ve have a vasectomy yaˇ caˆ tawˆ ve a road yaꞈ k'aw teˇ caˆ be disdainful, arrogant caˆ muiˬ ve be vain, conceited, arrogant caˆ muiˬ puiˉ ve be rude, loud, insolent caˆ muiˬ hkuiˬ muiˬ device, machine caꞈ to type caꞈ htawˆ ve start an engine caꞈ nawˍ ve turn on a machine caꞈ hpaw ve turn off a machine caꞈ hoˆ ve typewriter liꞈ bvuhꞈ caꞈ equipment, machinery caꞈ hk'eun telephone caꞈ tawˇ yaw tuˬ airplane caꞈ ponˬ to take off (plane) caꞈ ponˬ taˆ e ve to land (plane) caꞈ ponˬ yaꞈ ve airmail letter caꞈ ponˬ liꞈ push caꞈ ve push back caꞈ k'oˬ ve push into caꞈ keu ve push open caꞈ hpaw ve push over, push away caꞈ baˬ ve push shut caꞈ hoˆ ve push downward caꞈ yaꞈ ve very (v), so very (v) (v) caꞈ ve i'm so bored i could die! hpehꞈ kaꞈ hpehꞈ bawˬ caꞈ it's very expensive! hk'aˆ caꞈ yaˇ awˍ clf for groups caꞈ future generations, era caꞈ naꞈ tractor caꞈ tawˍ be sour ci ve vinegar ci ve awˬ g'uiˬ grate on the ears naˍ paw ci ve sweet and sour ci chaw smell sour, pickled ci nu ve to pickle meat shaˍ ci ve spit ciˉ kind of large hoe ciˉ k'oˆ axe ciˉ ciˇ a little, please ciˉ please give it to me. ciˉ peꞈ a just a little ciˉ ehˬ a great deal, a great many ciˉ ciˉ maˇ heˆ it hurts a whole lot. naˬ ve ciˉ ciˉ maˇ heˆ ride ciˇ ve ride a horse iˉ mvuhˇ ciˇ ve go riding ciˇ k'ai ve escape by riding ciˇ hpaw ve expand ciˇ ve hair stands on end oˉ k'oˍ mvuh ciˇ ve handhold, something to hold onto g'uˉ ciˇ tuˬ tooth, teeth ciˬ upper teeth awˬ na hpawˇ ve ciˬ lower teeth awˬ hawˉ hpawˇ ve ciˬ canine tooth (of a person) hpuiˇ ciˬ a dog's tooth hpuiˇ ve ciˬ gold tooth shi ciˬ pick the teeth ciˬ k'ehˉ ve have one's teeth chatter ciˬ ki kehˆ ki kehˆ k'ai ve what are rocks chattering in a caveˉ teeth. haˉ k'o haˉ ki kehˆ aˬ htoꞈ ma le. ciˬ have spaces between the teeth ciˬ hkaꞈ ve toothpick ciˬ juˆ taˬ gums ciˬ tehˇ toothache ciˬ naˬ ve toothpaste ciˬ naˆ tcuhˇ have tooth decay, rotten teeth ciˬ puˇ caˇ ve dentist ciˬ ve saˍ laꞈ g'oˍ brush one's teeth ciˬ shiˆ ve toothbrush ci shiˆ taˬ molar, back tooth ciˬ g'aꞈ ma wisdom tooth ciˬ g'aꞈ ma awˬ suhˉ clf for teeth ciˬ this year ciˬ hk'awꞈ move ciˍ ve don't move yet! i'm going to take a picture. taˇ ciˍ sheˍ, ngaˬ awˬ han htaw a shaˍ move away, move off ciˍ k'ai ve dew ciˍ g'uiˬ undergo a difficult experience ciˍ yanˍ cause someone to undergo an ordeal, sentence someone ciˍ yanˍ piˇ ve a sentence, a verdict ciˍ yanˍ hkawˇ clf for pinches (of salt) cu bell cu lu nipple, breast, milk cuˉ buffalo-milk awˉ k'aˍ cuˉ an udder, cow's milk nuˇ cuˉ suckle breast cuˉ chawꞈ ve give suck, nurse cuˉ taw ve wean cuˉ tawˍ ve clitoris cha cuˉ nyi milk cuˉ g'uiˬ cream cuˉ g'uiˬ awˬ uˉ ma nipple cuˉ shiˍ to sink cuˉ ve to cause to sink cuˉ tcuh ve be empty cuˉ ve to be blind, close eyes tightly mehˆ cuˉ ve to be tightly closed, puckered up cuˉ ve press tightly into place nyiˉ cuˉ ve puckered, pointed cuˇ ehˬ pucker the lips mawꞈ k'aw cuˉ ehˬ te ve choke someone to death, smother someone cuˉ tcuhˇ penˍ ve to be loose, slack cuˇ ve to loosen, untighten something cuˇ tcuh ve loosely cuˇ ehˬ prefer, accept, depend upon, adopt as one's own cuˇ ve get a light from someone else's fire aˬ miˍ cuˇ ve depend on goodwill, someone's favor bon aꞈ cuˇ ve depend on, use, base cuˇ yehˇ ve someone/something to be depended on, a refuge ca cuˇ kuiˬ a nail (metal fastener) sho cuˇ clf for groups of people cuˇ a group of people chaw teˇ cuˇ hey all you guys, come here! nawˬ teˇ cuˇ oˬ, haˆ laˬ oꞈ mehˍ ability, skill, intelligence, education, wisdom cuˇ yiˍ, cuˇ yiˍ maˍ yiˍ have a quick mind, sharp mind cuˇ yiˍ gehˬ ve a knowledgeable person, an expert cuˇ yiˍ cawˬ ve chaw be intelligent cuˇ yiˍ laˆ ve, cuˇ yiˍ lehˆ ve jingphaw, kachin cunˬ hpawꞈ an official seal, stamp cunˍ affix a seal, stamp, register something cunˍ dawˆ (tcuh) ve register a letter liꞈ awˬ htaꞈ awˍ cunˍ dawˆ ve affix a seal/stamp cunˍ nyiˉ ve the seventh seal (revelation) cunˍ yinˍ suhˍ maˬ teˇ maˬ be needy, lacking loˍ ve cuˆ ve meet, assemble cuꞈ ve meet together, convene cuꞈ daꞈ la ve call together, call a meeting kuˬ cuꞈ ve invite people from all over hk'aˬ hpawˇ chi hpawˇ kuˬ cuꞈ ve arrow ce how many arrows are leftˉ awˬ ce hk'aˬ nyiˇ ce leuˉ le to fall (from a height) ce ve fall off a horse iˉ mvuhˇ hk'oˆ ce ve to fall down (as dew, snow, hail) k'a ce ve to cause something to fall down ce tcuh ve to send by dropping ce peu piˇ ve to (v) downwards with force (v) ce ve to swoop down, thrust downward gehˇ ce ve to slide down leˆ ce ve push something so it falls caꞈ ce ve release something so it drops hpehˇ ce ve to fast, abstain ce ve refrain from doing something de kan ve on sunday we abstain - we don't work. shinˉ nyi htaˇ ngaˬ hui ce ka ve - kanˉ maˇ te to fast, abstain from food caˇ tuˬ ce (kan) ve to abstain from sexual relations zuhꞈ ve ce kan ve cattle, domestic animal ceˇ fodder, food for animals ceˇ awˍ veterinarian ceˇ caˬ naˆ tsuhˇ shehˍ hpaˇ animals ceˇ k'aˍ caˬ k'aˍ he who rules over all animals ceˇ hk'oˆ caˬ hk'oˆ peunˍ shehˍ hpaˇ involving animals ceˇ hpawˇ caˬ hpawˇ souls of the animals ceˇ ha caˬ ha raise livestock ceˇ hu caˬ hu animal hair, fur ceˇ mvuh a superabundance of animals ceˇ vaˍ ceˇ cehnˉ kengtung ceˇ tuˬ chiang dao ceˇ dawˇ chiang rai ceˇ haiˇ not level ceˇ baˬ-ehˬ (quotative particle, reported speech) ceˇ it is said that once upon a time... aˬ sho-eˬ htaˇ ceˇ he said it was this buffalo. chi ve awˬ k'aˍ ceˇ come on, i say!, come on, i said! laˬ oꞈ ceˇ scribe, clerk ceˇ leˇ dry branches are food for the fire, young folk are servants to their elders. suhˆ kaˉ kaweh aˬ miˍ meuˇ, yaˇ nehˬ chaw mawˇ ceˇ to create, implant vital force into living things ceˍ ve be mindful of needs of creatures ceˍ ve tawˇ ve corner, angle ceˍ sideways ceˍ ceˇ leˇ bundle of faggots used as a torch ceꞈ in plenty, forming complete group hk'a ceꞈ in olden times, times of old aˬ sho-eˬ teˇ co-e nowadays chi beuꞈ teˇ co-e forever, for one's whole life co co everlasting life, immortality co tiꞈ ha tiꞈ, co tiꞈ co sehnˉ forever and ever, for all eternity co co taiˍ taiˍ life force, immortal soul in body co ha spiritual aspect co ha hpawˇ, co hpawˇ ha hpawˇ long life co caˉ ha caˉ have a long life, longevity co zuhˬ ha zuhˬ may we live long! co zuhˬ ha zuhˬ cawˬ piˇ oˆ mehˍ be attacked by robbers chaw hk'awˇ co ve (way) over there coˇ an island conˇ try, strive coˇ caˇ to try to (v) coˇ caˇ leh (v) bridge (over water) (iˉ kaˆ) coˬ to cross a bridge coˬ hkanˍ ve, coˬ chaw ve build a bridge across coˬ tcuhˉ ve pile up, arrange in stacks coˆ ve pile up stones haˉ pui coˆ ve to fold up, crease coꞈ ve be narrow coꞈ ve this hole is very narrow. awˬ hk'aw chi coꞈ jaˇ fireplace aˬ miˍ ceh kuiˬ a place where several roads meet yaꞈ k'aw laiˉ caˆ ceh daꞈ kuiˬ cause to pair up, have a couple marry ceh piˇ ve a pair, even number ceh the sun and moon are a pair. mvuhˇ nyi ha pa teˇ ceh yoˬ a pair of shoes hkuiˉ noˆ teˇ ceh children and their spouses yaˇ ceh duˬ ceh a betrothed couple, a courting pair neh ceh yaˇ ceh intersection ceh fork in the road yaꞈ k'aw ceh only (n), just exactly (n) (n) ceh his power just extends to these two villages hk'aˆ chi nyiˇ hk'aˆ ceh yawˇ uiˍ ve only (v), just (v) (v) ceh anyway we'll just head back and have a look at it. hk'aˬ hk'e hpehꞈ htawˇ te k'oꞈ e e nyi ceh yoˬ just a little, a few a ciˉ ceh only, only to a certain extent ceh tiˉ only ten baht left. teˇ chi baꞈ ceh tiˉ leuˉ taˍ ve yoˬ as long as one is still hungry awˍ meuꞈ ve ceh ceh until (v) maˇ (v) ve ceh (ceh) until they arrive maˇ gaˬ ve ceh ceh as long as people don't get angry, you can do anything you want. shu maˇ beuꞈ ceh ceh aˬ htoꞈ ma awˬ ceuˬ htawˇ te hpehꞈ aw advise, discuss cehˇ ve converse, talk things over na daꞈ cehˇ daꞈ ve wide open (adverb) cehˇ ehˬ scissors cehˇ tcuh (beat) a drum cehˬ (dawˆ ve) a plant cehˬ base of tree/plant, roots cehˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ clf for plants cehˬ a pair of twins yaˇ cehˬ k'a teˇ ceh to be too narrow (opening) cehˍ ve this doorway is very narrow. yehˬ miˉ hpehꞈ chi cehˍ jaˇ water is constricted from flowing iˉ kaˆ cehˍ ve thoroughly, clearly cehnˍ hear clearly kaˇ cehnˍ ve look at carefully, inspect nyi cehnˍ ve be unobservant nyi maˇ cehnˍ see everything, spot every detail mawˬ cehnˍ ve know something by detail, be enlightened shiˍ cehnˍ ve be crushed, be squashed cehꞈ ve to train, try out, test caw ve do exercises as a precaution awˬ g'aˇ caw faˍ ve try out a gun naˆ caw ve have target practice pa caw ve train a hunting-dog shaˍ g'aꞈ hpuiˇ caw ve set a pot of cooked rice on coals to steam awˍ caw ve go around something, revolve around caw ve go around the house yehˬ htaꞈ caw ve go in a circular, curvy path caw-e ve go around somewhere and come back caw k'oꞈ la ve go around (the world) (miˬ guiˬ htaꞈ) caw k'ai ve to be surrounded caw taˍ ve go around something to avoid it, take a detour caw heuˬ-e ve go completely around, make a complete circuit of caw zuhˇ ve whirlwind aˉ caw le turn (as a corner) caw k'ai ve turn right! laꞈ sha hpawˇ caw k'ai spin fast, whirl around caw gehˬ ve, caw vaiˇ ve dial a telephone number naˍ baꞈ caw ve make a fence around caw ko ve to (v) around, go around (v)ing caw (v) ve go around poking caw juˆ ve plant around caw ti ve roam around caw toˇ ve look all around caw nyi ve fly around caw poˬ ve sit in a circle caw mui ve stand in a circle caw hu ve go round and round caw caw te ve go around in bigger and bigger circles, spiral outward caw caw leh uiˍ la ve clf for circuits, rounds, turns caw, caweh fly around once teˇ caweh poˬ ve vicinity, area caw law the neighborhood, immediate vicinity awˬ paˇ awˬ kuiˬ teˇ caw law suddenly, abruptly teˇ caw haˉ marrow caw paw be slim, thin, skinny cawˉ ve wrinkles, creases cawˉ teh ticklish feeling, itchy feeling cawˉ ciˉ cawˉ ciˉ around and around cawˉ lawˇ cawˉ lawˇ sea-serpent, crocodile cawˇ dragon cawˇ shehˍ ma fitting, proper, should cawˇ ve it's okay now, now it's alright cawˇ oˬ these expressions are quite correct. awˬ hkawˇ chi teˇ hpaˍ cawˇ jaˇ this shirt fits you very well aˉ poꞈ chi nawˬ aꞈ cawˇ jaˇ correct something, put in proper shape cawˇ tuˬ te ve be right in the middle awˬ kaˍ cawˇ ve be the right time awˬ yanˇ cawˇ ve happen at the same time, simultaneous awˬ yanˇ teˇ yanˇ tiˉ cawˇ ve mostly correct cawˇ maˇ ve just right, neither too much or too little cawˇ lawꞈ-ehˬ end up just right, turn out perfectly cawˇ lawꞈ-ehˬ k'ai ve get along well together cawˇ daꞈ ve be in mutual agreement, united cawˇ daꞈ hui daꞈ it must suit/please everyone. teˇ g'aˇ le le aꞈ g'a cawˇ ve to fall in love with, be attracted to cawˇ daꞈ la ve please someone, satisfy someone nyi ma htaꞈ dawˇ cawˇ ve suit one's fancy, be as one desires sha hpawˇ cawˇ ve be to one's liking, one's interests law cawˇ ve should (v), ought to (v) (v) cawˇ ve be trustworthy yonˍ cawˇ ve be needful and necessary loˍ cawˇ cawˬ cawˇ ve a passerby k'ai cawˇ ve teˇ g'aˇ boil for hours until very soft cawˇ ve school cawnˇ (yehˬ) principal, headmaster cawnˇ oˆ hand something up to cawˬ k'oˇ ve hand something over to, pass something to cawˬ ve to have in existence, be there cawˬ ve are there still a lot of tigers near the villageˉ hk'aˆ awˬ paˇ neˇ laˇ cawˬ shawˍ laˇ is there a church tooˉ bon yehˬ kaꞈ cawˬ aˬ laˇ there are some! there is one! cawˬ aw left over cawˬ taˍ ve be small in amount cawˬ hehˉ, cawˬ huiˉ-ehˉ has never happened, has never had maˇ cawˬ jaw sheˍ have money hpu cawˬ ve be careful, take care sha tiꞈ cawˬ ve get cawˬ la ve come cawˬ la ve appear cawˬ la ve a wealthy person cawˬ paˍ a poor person maˇ cawˬ paˍ be unwell, sick cawˬ haˍ ve be well, in good health cawˬ shaˍ ve depend on (n) htaꞈ cawˬ ve it's all because of things like this! chi hk'e ve aꞈ cawˬ ve yoˬ if you want an old basket, that's up to you, isn't itˉ nawˬ hk'awˬ lawˇ awˬ piˍ heuˆ gaˇ k'o nawˬ aꞈ cawˬ leˇ an ordinary, usual (n) cawˬ muiˬ hk'e ceh ve (n) spoon cawˬ umbrella, parasol cawnˍ spread an umbrella, protect head with parasol cawnˍ hk'awˆ ve spokes of an umbrella cawˍ nyi kuˇ pour, dump cawˍ ve pour or dump into cawˍ keu ve set something upright, stand something up cawˍ ve please set the lamp that fell over upright again. paˍ taˍ ve kawˉ faiˇ a ciˉ k'awꞈ cawˍ laˇ mehˍ leaning against cawˍ aˍ ve set something upright again gu cawˍ ve look up cawˍ nyi ve wall-stud (in framework of house) yehˬ cawˍ ko taˬ clf for strips, a row cawˆ one sentence awˬ hkawˇ teˇ cawˆ a lovesong kaw nehꞈ teˇ cawˆ the fifth line from the bottom awˬ hawˉ hpawˇ tanˬ leh ngaˇ cawˆ teˇ cawˆ please look at page 247, line 15. liꞈ mehˆ hpfuhˇ nyiˇ ha awˇ chi suhˍ maˬ htaꞈ teˇ chi ngaˇ cawˆ nyi mehˍ try again and again, attempt again and again cawˆ cawˆ coˇ caˇ ve back (body), waist cawꞈ have a crooked, bent back cawꞈ k'awꞈ ve bend over, bend one's back caꞈ k'awꞈ ehˬ k'ai ve if a load is very heavy, your back gets bent awˬ vuiˬ hawˇ jaˇ k'o cawꞈ k'awꞈ ehˬ k'ai hunchback cawꞈ k'awꞈ paˍ bumps in the spine cawꞈ gawˇ waist, loins, lower back cawꞈ cehˍ nyi spinal vertebrae cawꞈ tcuhˉ spinal column cawꞈ tcuhˉ g'awˇ, cawꞈ g'awˇ for the back muscles to hurt cawꞈ dawˇ naˬ ve market tcuh go to market tcuh huˉ ve kickback, tax, rakeoff (black market goods) tcuh hk'ehˍ k'oˇ hk'ehˍ make a fire aˬ miˍ tcuh ve send on an errand, dispatch tcuh ve have somebody or other send him. yawˇ aꞈ teˇ g'aˇ g'aˇ tcuh peu a i don't want to send him, he probably couldn't do it. yawˇ aꞈ maˇ tcuh gaˇ, te maˇ puiˉ hehˉ a prophet, an agent tcuh kaˍ paˍ a prophecy tcuh kaˍ paˍ hkawˇ prophesy tcuh kuˇ yaw ve use servants, have someone work for you tcuh caˇ ve a servant tcuh tuˬ tcuh yaˇ boss people around tcuh naˉ ve not hesitate to use people's services tcuh haˆ ve send someone to do an errand tcuh peu ve a servant (man, woman) tcuh shehˍ paˍ, tcuh shehˍ ma a messenger, apostle, angel tcuh yaˇ have someone (v), make someone (v), allow someone to (v) (v) tcuh ve she put the baby to sleep. yawˇ yaˇ ehˉ htaꞈ zuhꞈ tcuh ve the merchant had his dog bite the thief. taˇ kaˬ paˍ chi chaw hk'oˆ htaꞈ hpuiˇ cheꞈ tcuh ve my hair isn't curly. ngaˬ uˉ hkeh mvuh maˇ tcuh cawꞈ heated air ripples (mirage effect) aˬ miˍ shaˉ tcuh tcuh k'ai ve be joined to, fixed to, stuck to tcuhˉ ve hey kid, don't go sticking anything to this door. yaˇ paˍ-oˬ, yehˬ miˉ chi htaꞈ teꞈ chiˉ taˇ ca tcuhˉ a thorn sticks to something iˉ chuˇ tcuhˉ ve have debts, be in debt jeˬ tcuhˉ ve affix a seal maˬ tcuhˉ ve, cunˍ tcuhˉ ve, yinˉ tcuhˉ ve give a name to, name someone meh tcuhˉ ve be stuck together, connected tcuhˉ daꞈ ve, tcuhˉ daꞈ caˉ daꞈ ve have a smell reach one, have odor cling to tcuhˉ nuˬ ve not give off an odor, not know anything maˇ tcuhˉ maˇ nuˬ be tightly attached/joined to tcuhˉ nawꞈ ve come together at a point, be closely adjacent to tcuhˉ nawꞈ daꞈ ve point of attachment, root of something tcuhˉ nawꞈ kuiˬ attach and carry (by strap) tcuhˉ pfuhˇ ve sit in one place, fixed spot tcuhˉ mui ve chair, stool tcuhˉ mui tuˬ area right next to house, under eaves of roof yehˬ tcuhˉ k'aw jewelry tcuhˉ hkeun wear a head-basket uˉ hkeuꞈ tcuhˉ ve put a pillow under one's head uˉ gehˇ tcuhˉ ve wear shoes, put on shoes hkuiˉ nawˆ tcuhˉ ve wear eyeglasses, put on glasses mehˆ keawˬ tcuhˉ ve put on a ring laꞈ peˍ tcuhˉ ve be contagious a naˍ k'awꞈ tcuhˉ ve contagious, be likely to stick to (object) tcuhˉ puiˉ ve a contagious disease tcuhˉ puiˉ ve a naˍ have intestinal worms puˇ tiˬ tcuhˉ ve have an ulcer, running sore pawˇ lawˆ k'uˉ tcuhˉ ve what sort of meaning is attached to thisˉ chi lehˬ hk'aˬ hk'e ve tcuhˉ kuiˬ tcuhˉ taˍ le meaning, usefulness, cause, reason for tcuhˉ kuiˬ what does this meanˉ chi aˬ htoꞈ ma tcuhˉ kuiˬ le the reason for/cause of the war maꞈ bawˆ daꞈ ve tcuhˉ kuiˬ be of great importance tcuhˉ kuiˬ uiˍ ve be related in meaning, semantic connection tcuhˉ kuiˬ caˉ daꞈ ve be useful, have a purpose tcuhˉ kuiˬ cawˬ ve make no sense, be useless, meaningless tcuhˉ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ all the important words awˬ hkawˇ tcuhˉ kuiˬ cawˬ ve teˇ hpaˍ this book of the bible contains many passages. canˇ liꞈ chi teˇ maˬ lehˬ awˬ ti tcuhˉ kuiˬ cawˬ ve teˇ hpaˍ cawˬ maˇ ve yoˬ explain something, translate something tcuhˉ kuiˬ yuˬ tawˆ ve give the literal meaning tcuhˉ kuiˬ hteˇ-ehˬ yuˬ tawˆ ve divine (animist), predict tcuhˉ nyi ve (v) so something sticks, stays permanently (v) tcuhˉ ve keep on trying coˇ caˇ tcuhˉ taˍ ve persist in love haꞈ tcuhˉ taˍ ve keep wearing vehꞈ tcuhˉ taˍ ve joint, section between joints tcuhˉ the temple (in front of ear) naˍ paw tcuhˉ tuˇ boundary, border miˬ tcuhˉ time between rainy season and sunny part of year (oct/nov) mvuhˇ yeˬ mvuh cha tcuhˉ rooftop of a house yehˬ tcuhˉ knuckle laꞈ naw tcuhˉ religious headquarters bon tcuhˉ puiˍ clf for sections/joints tcuhˉ a section/joint of bamboo vaˇ teˇ tcuhˉ be astringent, pleasantly bitter tcuhˉ ve tea is astringent. laˬ tcuhˉ ve yoˬ palm tcuhˉ (pui) rubber, pliable matterial tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ stretch rubber by pulling tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ g'awˬ hk'e ve chewing-gum behˇ guiˇ tuˬ ve tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ rubber tree tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ cehˬ rubber tube, plastic tube tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ dehˍ plastic tarp, poncho tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ hpa rubber ball, balloon tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ hpuˇ rubber band tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ mawˇ tsuhꞈ tuˬ ve chisel tcuhˇ (tcuhˇ ehˉ, tcuhˇ lonˉ) something raw, unsuitable for consumption tcuhˇ ve something raw, raw food awˬ tcuhˇ ve uncooked rice awˍ tcuhˇ ve don't go eating raw pork, it's dangerous! vaꞈ shaˍ tcuhˇ taˇ ca caˇ, kawˆ kuiˬ cawˬ mehˍ sap, gum tcuhˇ asphalt kuiˍ tcuhˇ not (v) very much tcuhˇ tcuhˬ (v) it's not very far. tcuhˇ tcuhˬ maˇ vuiˇ it's not cooked very well. caˇ tcuhˇ tcuhˬ maˇ meh it doesn't hurt much anymore. tcuhˇ tcuhˬ maˇ naˬ-oˬ don't (v) so much! tcuhˇ tcuhˬ taˇ (v) don't laugh too much! tcuhˇ tcuhˬ taˇ g'uiˬ he asked searching questions until he found the truth. awˬ tehˬ awˬ na shiˍ htaˇ hk'a gaˬ tcuhˇ tcuhˬ aꞈ na ve lots and lots tcuhˇ tcuhˬ aꞈ be serious, sincere (esp. intentions to marry) tcuhˬ ve k'aw ve not be serious in one's intentions (esp. to marry) maˇ tcuhˬ maˇ k'aw it's not very good. tcuhˬ aˇ daꞈ not very (v) tcuhˬ (m)aˇ (v) something real, genuine tcuhˬ-aˬ a real friend awˬ chawˇ tcuhˬ-aˬ one's own child (not adopted) yaˇ tcuhˬ-aˬ he's not a real lahu, not a real white man, he's a half-breed. yawˇ laˇhuˍ tcuhˬ tcuhˬ aˬ maˇ heˆ, kaˇlaˇ hpu tcuhˬ tcuhˬ aˬ maˇ heˆ, awˬ hpehꞈ yoˬ. very good! terrific! daꞈ tcuhˬ aꞈ cough tcuhˍ ve cough-medicine maˇ tcuhˍ tuˬ ve naˆ tsuhˇ have a cold tcuhˍ yehˇ naˬ ve pneumonia (black cold) tcuhˍ yehˇ naˆ ma the flu tcuhˍ yehˇ lonˉ temper a knife aˉ htaw tcuhˍ ve get a splinter suhˆ tcuhˍ ve turn upside down (small objects) tcuhˍ muꞈ ve not be evasive, not try to hide anything maˇ tcuhˍ maˇ faˉ pinch, pull and twist, pluck tcuhˆ ve pluck out tcuhˆ tawˆ ve pluck a flower awˬ veꞈ tcuhˆ g'awˬ ve be sharp tcuhˆ ve spring up everywhere tcuhˆ ehˬ tawˆ ve strike a target, hit tcuhˆ ve could not manage to do it kanˍ maˇ tcuhˆ be fixed, stuck in place tcuhˆ ve have deep roots tcuhˆ naˉ ve work on something with perseverance until done dawˇ tcuhˆ muiˬ leh te ve disintegrate, pulverize tcuhˬ ve chew thoroughly behˇ tcuhꞈ ve be clear and unobstructed tcuhꞈ ve hover, float motionless ceu ve float on the water iˉ kaˆ hk'oˇ ceu aˍ ve christendom, community of christians ceuˉ cawˬ kind, sort, variety ceuˬ clf for kinds, sorts, etc. ceuˬ the whole of something, from head to tail uˉ ceuˬ miˬ ceuˬ the lineage of one's parents awˬ pa awˬ e teˇ ceuˬ this kind of (n) (n) chi teˇ ceuˬ what kind of, which kindˉ hk'aˬ hk'e ve teˇ ceuˬ a race, lineage chaw ceuˬ many kinds of (people) (chaw) hawehˉ ceuˬ three kinds of languages shehˆ ceuˬ hkawˇ people of four different races awˇ ceuˬ chaw kind, species (formal) ceuˬ shehnˍ watch over, observe carefully (supernatural being) ceuˬ ve pay, spend money (shan) (hpu) caiˍ ve buddhist monk tuꞈ cawˬ powerful leader (shan) cawˬ paˆ earthly rulers cawˬ baˬ cawˬ meuˇ ruler, a catholic priest cawˬ buˉ a nun cawˬ buˉ ma ruler, lord cawˬ vaˇ a joy, a viss (1.6 kilograms) cawehˬ be impatient, in a hurry to do something nyi ma chu-i ve period, era, generation co-e all of one's life teˇ co-e nowadays chi beuꞈ teˇ co-e vagina cha prostitute cha hawˇ ma womb, uterus (red lahu) cha loˬ the sun shines mvuhˇ cha cha ve owe jeˬ cha ve be the fault of (n) (n) aꞈ cha ve this car almost bumped into me, it just missed! lawˍliˍ chi ngaˬ aꞈ aˬ laˬ hk'e guˆ laˇ, a ciˉ tiˉ cha-o floor, earth miˬ chaˇ investigate chaˬ nyi ve consider caˬ nyi ve audit accounts hpu chaˬ ve have a long feud with, mutually bear grudges chaˆ daꞈ ve filthy, dirty, disgusted chaꞈ ve since people are disgusted (by it) we don't do it. shu chaꞈ leh maˇ te ve yoˬ be dirty, morally vile chaꞈ chiˆ ve soil, make unclean, make dirty chaꞈ chiˆ tuˬ te ve be disgusted by something, cannot stand someone chaꞈ naˬ ve ten teˇ chi twenty nyiˇ chi how many groups of tenˉ hk'aˬ nyiˇ chi how many decadesˉ hk'aˬ nyiˇ chi hk'awꞈ this, these (sometimes used as 'the') chi what's thisˉ chi lehˬ aˬ htoꞈ ma le this (n) (n) chi hereafter, afterwards chi awˬ nu what shall we do afterwardsˉ chi awˬ nu hk'aˬ hk'e te tuˬ le before this chi awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ ajar, slightly open chi k'oˉ ehˬ thus, like this, in this way chi hk'e this way chi hk'e te (v) this is the way they die. chi hk'e te suh-e ve yoˬ this much, this amount chi hk'e ma (ma) this size, so big, yea big chi hk'e hui hui the knife was about this long. aˉ htaw chi chi hk'e suh te aˍ ve is that soˉ chi hk'e laˇ this kind of (n) chi hk'e ve (n) et cetera, various things like this chi hk'e ve laiˉ ceuˬ besides this, moreover chi awˬ hk'oˆ kaꞈ this year chi hk'awꞈ to this extent chi ceh ceh right now, these days, nowadays chi teˇ hkui all these, this group chi teˇ hpaˍ so deeply, so profoundly chi taw chi naˉ since the lord jesus loves us so deeply... jawˇ mawˇ yeˍsuˆ hkriꞈ ngaˬ hui htaꞈ chi taw chi naˉ haꞈ ve k'o this many chi nyiˇ for this reason, because of this chi pa taw this side chi paˉ, chi hpawˇ this fellow, this guy chi hpaˇ now chi beuꞈ at the present time chi beuꞈ teˇ hkui starting now chi beuꞈ tanˬ leh... up to now, until now chi beuꞈ hk'a gaˬ now then, as for now chi beuꞈ lehˬ this woman chi ma this many, this much chi ma in the sight of all these people chaw chi ma ve awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ leh so very much, so many, about this many chi ma ma this or that much, more or less this amount chi ma oˇ ma so high chi mvuh mvuh for such a long time chi maw maw so very little, such a small amount chi maiˉ tonight chi haˉ, yaꞈ puiˉ this big, this size chi hui when i was a little kid, yea high ngaˬ chi haweyˉ htaˇ a tiny baby, infant yaˇ ehˉ chi hawehˉ-ehˬ ve this long chi suh, chi zuhˬ this is it, this is the one chi yoˬ so wide, this wide chi fe this far away, so far away chi vuiˇ, chi fui such a short distance away chi fawehˉ this, this thing chi ve i don't want this thing. chi ve ngaˬ maˇ heuˆ gaˇ that's the reason why (clause) (clause) chi yoˬ that's why i kept telling you before to work together. aˉ suhˆ kaꞈ nuiˬ aꞈ teˇ geh te, teˇ geh te, k'oˆ ve chi yoˬ well... chi... soy sauce chi canˉ g'uiˬ sweet basil chi baw hawˉ rice straw chi g'awˇ weave chiˇ ve weave cloth hpa chiˇ ve not weave cloth for shirts aˉ poꞈ hpa maˇ chiˇ weave a shoulder bag miˉ chaw chiˇ ve weave on a loom g'aꞈ chiˇ ve lend, borrow chiˇ ve borrow rice caˬ hk'a chiˇ ve borrow money hpu chiˇ ve lend money hpu chiˇ piˇ ve lift up, raise, pick up chiˇ ve shave one's head oˉ k'oˍ chiˇ ve lift up one's leg hkui sheh chiˇ ve raise a gun naˆ chiˇ ve shave one's beard paˇ tcuhˆ chiˇ ve raise one's eyebrow meuˆ k'uˉ chiˇ ve brag, boast oꞈ chiˇ ve support by holding, uphold kaˬ chiˇ ve hang up pieces of pork vaꞈ sha htaw chiˇ ve drag something upward g'awˬ chiˇ ve raise anchor sho k'uˉ lu k'awehꞈ g'awˬ chiˇ ve entrust, hand over to, dedicate chiˇ aꞈ ve betray and deliver to hpfuhˆ leh chiˇ aꞈ piˇ ve they handed him over to the authorities miˬ guiˬ jawˇ mawˇ aꞈ chiˇ aꞈ piˇ ve praise chiˇ uiˍ ve, chiˇ uiˍ chiˇ mvuh ve lift something up chiˇ taˆ ve push wood into the fire, spread malicious gossip chiˇ tuˉ ve throw something down and stamp upon chiˇ teˍ ve lift up and put back k'awꞈ chiˇ teh ve lift out of chiˇ tawˆ ve dangle, hang suspended chiˇ deu ve look upwards chiˇ nyi ve cast away, reject, forsake, abandon chiˇ baˬ ve don't go throwing away your lahu names. nawˬ hui laˇhuˍ awˬ meh taˇ ca chiˇ baˬ mehˍ faithfully, steadfastly maˇ chiˇ maˇ baˬ praise, extol chiˇ mvuh ve praise by singing k'a muiˬ chiˇ mvuh ve we praise his grace, with songs we praise it yawˇ bon htaꞈ chiˇ mvuh ve, k'a muiˬ chiˇ mvuh chehˇ be praiseworthy chiˇ mvuh keu ve words of praise, complement, a psalm chiˇ mvuh hkawˇ give false praise, flatter someone chiˇ mvuh paˇ-ehˬ te ve heap praises upon leuˉ leh chiˇ mvuh ve aim a weapon chiˇ mawˍ ve pick up and set down in lower place chiˇ yaꞈ ve pick up a small object in the hand chiˇ veu ve curry, food eaten with rice awˍ chiˇ clf for litters, birth of animals chiˇ it's only given birth once so far. teˇ chiˇ tiˉ paw jaw shawˍ a litter of pigs vaꞈ teˇ chiˇ a chin person chinˇ raspberry chiˇ k'oˍ luˇ be hot, too hot, get burnt chiˆ ve ouch, it's hot! chiˆ aˬ the fire's very hot! aˬ miˍ chiˆ jaˇ don't burn yourself in the fire. aˍ miˍ taˇ chiˆ sunburnt mvuhˇ cha chiˆ ve be burnt up, scorched chiˆ hkeuꞈ ve burnt to death chiˆ suh ve cremate a person chaw chiˆ ve smelt iron, heat iron red hot sho chiˆ ve scorch, burn something (on purpose) tuˉ chiˆ ve roast in coals, hot ashes fiˆ chiˆ ve fuse together, solder, weld chiˆ caˉ daꞈ ve roast and eat chiˆ caˇ ve roast bananas and eat aˉ pawˇ chiˆ caˇ ve kill by burning chiˆ pehˍ ve smoke out a wasp's nest pehˇ hpuˇ chiˆ ve dirty, stupid, gross chiˆ ve a slob chaw chaꞈ chiˆ wild fig chiꞈ hpuˆ be fat chu ve have rolls of fat (as on baby's limbs) chu leh awˬ tcuhˉ awˬ tcuhˉ tawˍ k'ai ve get fat from eating caˇ chu ve nice and fat chu daꞈ jaˇ be fat, plump chu peꞈ ve a short fat person (insult) chu peꞈ-e diˬ k'u ve short and fat (person/animal) chu peꞈ-e g'euˉ-ehˬ fat, grease chu chicken fat g'aˆ chu fat on meat shaˍ chu fat, chubby chuˉ-ehˬ a fat person chuˉ-ehˬ ve chaw be numb, be prickly chuˇ ve have one's foot fall asleep hkui sheh chuˇ ve have one's bottom go numb puˬ chuˇ ve anesthetic chuˇ naˆ tsuhˇ thorn, sharp fragment chuˇ a/one thorn awˬ chuˇ teˇ chuˇ just as rattan thorns stick to a wild boar, the thorns of malicious gossip stick to a human being. heh vaꞈ gawˇ chuˇ tcuhˉ ve hk'e chaw yaˇ haiˬ chuˇ tcuhˉ ve yoˬ. quill of a porcupine faˆ pu chuˇ a boil (on body) shaˉ chuˇ ginger chuˇ piˉ punch, attack physically chuˬ ve, chawehˬ ve incite to chase or attack g'aꞈ chuˬ ve clf for groups, sets chuˆ we have to pick a new set of committee members kawˍmiˍtiˍ awˬ suhˉ teˇ chuˆ g'a leuˆ ve filter, strain che ve filter water iˉ kaˆ che ve filter paper che tuˬ ve htawˇ g'euˆ stretch out, extend che ve stretch out one's hand laꞈ sheh che ve stick out one's tongue ha tehˍ che ve have one's hand shake from being stretched out laꞈ sheh che cheˇ ve make a point on, sharpen to a point che ve sharpen a stick to a point aˉ taˬ che ve sharpen a pencil hkehˇ taˬ che ve a pencil sharpener hkehˇ taˬ che tuˬ sharpen baꞈ che ve hand trembles laꞈ cheˇ ve tremble, shake cheˇ ve tremble with cold kaˆ cheˇ ve have chills and fever, malaria kaˆ naˬ cheˇ naˬ shiver and shake, be jittery cheˆ cheˆ veˆ veˆ te ve a baby animal awˬ yehˇ cheˇ narrow and round, narrowed to a point cheˇ-ehˬ purse one's lips mawꞈ k'aw cheˇ-ehˬ te ve leave behind, abandon cheˬ ve, cheˬ taˉ ve don't leave me behind. ngaˬ aꞈ taˇ cheˬ baˬ aˉ laˇ break, sever, snap in two cheˆ ve break by bending awˬ cheˆ ve have a compound fracture of a bone awˬ muꞈ kaˉ ku cheˆ ve it's liable/likely to snap cheˆ puiˉ aˬ die, expire k'aw cheˆ ve until it breaks hk'a cheˆ resolve, decide definitely taˆ cheˆ ve give a legal decision, lay down the law tawˇ cheˆ ve be a new moon ha pa cheˆ ve saw something in two g'euꞈ cheˆ ve give a start (startledˉ) cheˆ k'ai ve disappear, become extinct cheˆ k'ai mehˉ k'ai ve a groove, dent cheˆ kuˉ lehꞈ and to this day he has a dent in between his eyes. yaꞈ nyi hk'a gaˬ mehˆ ceh kaˍ lo cheˆ kuˉ lehꞈ hpehꞈ sheˍ ve yoˬ. break off and take, pluck off cheˆ yuˬ ve completely finish (v)ing, (v) once and for all (v) cheˆ ve talk things through, say everything needed to say k'oˆ cheˆ ve tear completely off zuhꞈ cheˆ ve settle something, bring matter to a conclusion te cheˆ ve we must settle this matter soon. awˬ lawn chi teˇ lawn haˆ haˆ g'a te cheˆ ve sell out, sell completely, outright hawˇ cheˆ ve think something through to a conclusion shawˍ cheˆ ve die for good, definitely dead suh cheˆ ve buy out, buy outright, pay last installment on something vuiˬ cheˆ ve clf for lengths of cloth cheˆ one sarong hteh du teˇ cheˆ have a twinge of pain cheˆ-ehˬ te naˬ ve too thin, watery cheˆ k'aˇ a jerk suddenly cheˆ kaꞈ k'ai ve wake up startled zuhꞈ leh cheˆ kaꞈ k'ai ve even though the dog didn't bite you, you're still startled. hpuiˇ chi nawˬ aꞈ maˇ cheˆ laˇ htawˇ, cheˆ kaꞈ k'ai ve yoˬ bite into (to cause pain), sting cheꞈ ve have a headache from changing weather uˉ hpu cheꞈ ve be too expensive (stung by the price) awˬ hpfuhˇ cheꞈ ve have withdrawl symptoms awˬ yeꞈ cheꞈ ve a bee stings pehˇ cheꞈ ve a mosquito bites puiˉ cheꞈ ve bite into and eat cheꞈ caˇ ve bite so it breaks cheꞈ cheˆ ve bite and not let go cheꞈ tiˍ ve hurt from an itch or irritation, sting cheꞈ naˬ ve be stiff and sore all over cheꞈ naˬ suh naˬ a bite-mark cheꞈ haiˇ ve banana passion flower cheꞈ hkaw shiˍ here choˬ put it down here! choˬ teh< this side choˬ paˉ this side, this direction choˬ hpawˇ say this and that choˬ k'oˆ oˇ k'oˆ ve think about this and that choˬ dawˇ oˇ dawˇ ve spear into, stick something onto something choˆ ve tuck in a sarong hteh du choˆ ve pluck and stick in chehˆ choˆ ve be tasty, well spiced cheh ve be spicy, have good flavor awˬ cheh cheh ve mortar cheh rice pounder cheh keu pestle of a pounder cheh keu tiˉ tuˬ wooden mortar in which to pound rice by hand cheh laꞈ pound rice by hand cheh laꞈ teˍ ve shampoo chehhpu, oˉ k'oˍ tsuhˇ tuˬ ve naˆ tsuhˇ live, dwell, stay chehˇ ve there aren't only 100 living here! there are about 300! choˬ kaꞈ teˇ ha ceh aˇ chehˇ k'oˆ ma neˍ shehˆ ha hk'e ceh k'oˆ ma remain, stay behind, be left behind chehˇ taˍ ve one's home, dwelling place chehˇ kuiˬ move, change one's residence chehˇ kuiˬ jiˆ k'ai ve one's place of residence chehˇ ti wasted time waiting around chehˇ baˬ aˍ ve be bored, tired of living chehˇ bawˬ ve be unwell, in trouble, in distress chehˇ haˍ ve fall ill, get into trouble chehˇ haˍ la ve feel sick chehˇ haˍ chehˇ chawˇ be well, in good health, free from care chehˇ sha (cawˬ sha) ve how are youˉ chehˇ sha chehˇ aw laˇ i'm fine. chehˇ sha ve yoˬ unwell, sick chehˇ maˇ sha endure, stay in one place chehˇ yeˬ ve live in insecurity, not have a fixed abode chehˇ maˇ yeˬ we've still got to support it from underneath so it'll stay firm. chehˇ yeˬ tuˬ awˬ hawˉ g'a nawˉ shawˍ be unwell, sick chehˇ haˍ cawˬ haˍ ve live happily and in prosperity without dying or sickness chehˇ sha cawˬ sha maˇ suh maˇ naˬ take time off for christmas hkriꞈsamaˆ chehˇ ve relax at the new rice festival caˬ suhˉ awˍ ca chehˇ ve a holiday, a day off chehˇ nyi stay at home, not go anywhere chehˇ luˆ ve keep on (v)ing, be (v)ing (v) chehˇ ve go on singing! k'a muiˬ chehˇ sheˍ be an exact copy, be the spitting image of someone chehˆ nehˉ ve this little girl is the spitting image of her mother. yaˇ miˇ ehˉ chi awˬ e chehˆ nehˉ aˍ ve hk'e yoˬ a bank check chehˆ person, man chaw treat (person) with contempt, not consider (person) human (person) htaꞈ chaw maˇ shawˍ do you despise usˉ ngaˬ hui aꞈ chaw maˇ shawˍ ve laˇ how strange! how amazing! chaw maˇ mawˬ jaw whoever heard of talking to a headman that way! hk'aˆ sheh aꞈ chi hk'e tawˇ yaw ve chaw maˇ mawˬ jaw talk to you and talk to the wall. tawˇ yaw haˍ ve k'o chaw aˇ mawˬ jaw the people in a household, the family members yehˬ hk'aw chaw a common man, average person chaw i, chaw ehˉ bony protrusion of human neck, cervical vertebrae chaw awˬ nawˉ statue, carving of living person, representation of human figure chaw awˬ hoˆ awˬ han adult, important person chaw uiˍ people great and small chaw uiˍ chaw i a mute, dumb person chaw k'aˍ lineage, line of descent chaw hk'aˇ thief, robber chaw hk'awˇ attacked by armed robbers chaw hk'awˇ cu ve victim of an armed robbery chaw hk'awˇ dawˆ ve human speech, good advice chaw hkawˇ a linguist chaw hkawˇ henˇ paˍ heed people's advice chaw hkawˇ na ve be rational, reasonable chaw hkawˇ shiˍ ve observe proper conduct, act responsibly chaw ngaw te ve a race, a people chaw ceuˬ tightfisted person chawˇ tsuhˆ a sneaky person, a spy chaw jaˆ a female spy chaw jaˆ ma everybody chaw ta vaˇ ta a childless couple chaw tiˬ chaw tawˇ an only child chaw tiˍ stingy person chaw tuˬ paˍ bury a person chaw tuˍ ve, chaw duˇ tuˍ ve grave, tomb chaw tuˍ kuiˬ living person chaw teꞈ ve the living have been separated from the dead. chaw suh chaw teꞈ fuiˍ taˍ ve yoˬ respectful person, physically normal person chaw tehˬ chaw na normal people (red lahu) chaw tehˬ ma a good person chaw daꞈ ve i guarantee that he has a good character yawˇ chaw daꞈ ve htaꞈ ngaˬ hkanˍ ve yoˬ a sick person, a patient chaw naˬ rascal, bandit, robber chaw naˆ caretaker, guardian, warden, (male) nurse chaw nyi haꞈ shaˉ paˍ promiscuous person chaw pehꞈ ve rich people, the rich, a rich man chaw paw chaw sha a traitor chaw hpfuhˆ a large crowd of people chaw hpoˆ chaw diˬ capture a person, restrain someone by force chaw hpeh (yuˬ) ve take the lead g'uˇ suhˍ peuˍ ve refugee chaw hpaw hk'oˇ lazy person chaw bawˬ ve, chaw bawˬ paˍ, chaw bawˬ ma i've never heard anyone say that. chaw maˇ k'oˆ mawˬ treat someone w/contempt chaw maˇ shawˍ large crowd chaw moˍ chaw cuˇ a person who cannot have children chaw meh, chaw meh paˍ, chaw meh ma aged person, ancestor, forefather chaw mawˇ a very old person, old codger chaw mawˇ k'uˉ advice from elders, proverbs chaw mawˇ hkawˇ an old person, elders chaw mawˇ chaw kehˉ an old man chaw mawˇ paˍ an old women chaw mawˇ ma old person's bedtime chaw mawˇ zuhꞈ yanˇ living room chaw mui guiˇ kuiˬ human soul chaw ha a ghost chaw ha ku a bachelor, youth, young man chaw haˉ paˍ act the lover, act like young man in love chaw haˉ te ve older bachelor chaw haˉ paˍ lonˉ young men and women chaw haˉ yaˇ miˇ haˉ a liar, a cheat chaw heˍ a strong person chaw heh vaˇ heh many people chaw hawehˬ vaˇ hawehˬ a madman, lunatic, crazy person chaw g'uˇ a crazy woman chaw g'uˇ ma a good-for-nothing chaw g'awˆ human flesh chaw shaˍ a cannibal chaw shaˍ caˇ ve chaw population (take a census of) chaw sehnˍ (g'aw ve) dead person chaw suh land of the dead chaw suh mvuhˇ miˬ human being chaw yaˇ humanity chaw yaˇ vaˇ yaˇ mannikin, doll chaw yehˇ-ehˉ awˬ han a superabundance of people chaw vaˍ chaw sehnˉ anthropologist chaw liˇ henˇ paˍ human rules of conduct, norms of behavior chaw liˇ vaˇ liˇ scoundrel, wretch, good-for-nothing person chaw luˬ a giant chaw lonˉ ma human life in society chaw law become overcrowded with people chaw lawˇ la ve follow the tracks of an animal chaw ve follow a track/trail awˬ hk'aˇ chaw ve follow footprints, trail someone hkui han chaw k'ai ve hunt down g'aꞈ chaw ve follow a track/trail chaw naˆ ve follow them well, those tracks there! hk'a dehꞈ chaw naˆ, coˇ shaˍ hk'aˇ-awˍ try to track chaw nyi ve shoot an animal after following its trail shaˍ chaw bawˆ ve cross over chaw ve cross a ladder/ramp go chaw ve cross a bridge coˬ chaw ve chop, hack, slash with force chaw ve chop with a knife aˉ htaw chaw ve a knife leaves no cutting-mark on water. aˉ htaw iˉ kaˆ chaw hk'aˇ maˇ tawˍ cut loose chaw hpehˇ ve fight with knives chaw daꞈ ve hack to death chaw pehˍ ve copulate, mate (of animals) awˬ shawˍ chaw ve sweet chaw be as sweet as honey pehˇ g'uiˬ hk'e chaw ve be sweet and sour ci chaw ve sweeten chawˉ-ehˬ te ve be bruised chawˇ(-e) ve a back eye mehˆ shiˍ chawˇ aˍ ve be bruised (people, fruit) chawˇ nawˬ ve widower, widow, divorced person mehˇ chawˇ paˍ, mehˇ chawˇ ma suck, suck up, absorb chawꞈ ve leeches can suck people's blood veꞈ lehˬ chaw ve awˬ suhˍ chawꞈ puiˉ ve pump water, absorb water (as a sponge) iˉ kaˆ chawꞈ ve suckle, nurse cuˉ chawꞈ ve kiss boˆ chawꞈ ve a magnet attracts shaˍ lehꞈ chawꞈ puiˉ ve quicksand chawꞈ puiˉ ve sehˇ nehˆ suck in smoke mvuhˇ hk'awˇ chawꞈ ve drinking straw chawꞈ dawˬ tuˬ suck dry, suck until empty chawꞈ fiˍ ve barking-deer tsuh night wasp tsuh pehˇ a barking-deer buck tsuh hpu k'aˍ weigh (something) tsuh ve weighed silver hpu tsuh-aˍ ve measure the weight naˍ naˆ tsuh ve a balance, a scale tsuh tu weigh with a scale yaˍ cuˍ tsuh ve wild jungle, forest hteunˍ tsuh a kind of vine tsuh kuˇ te wash tsuhˇ ve wash with water iˉ kaˆ tsuhˇ ve wash one's face, compensate for offense, apologize mehˆ hpfuhˇ tsuhˇ ve put things in to wash mawˇ keu tsuhˇ ve a big washtub mawˇ keu tsuhˇ tuˬ ve hk'ehˇ lonˉ a launderer, a laundry man mawˇ tsuhˇ shehˍ hpaˇ wash clothes veuꞈ k'aˇ tsuhˇ ve wash clean, purify by washing tsuhˇ kehˬ ve close off, obstruct, plug tsuhˇ ve block/close off a road yaꞈ k'aw hpuiˇ tsuhˇ-e ve close up tight cuˉ tsuhˇ ve close someone's eyes mehˆ shiˍ cuˉ tsuhˇ piˇ ve block off (person, water, etc.) tawˍ ve tsuhˇ ve close up hoˆ tsuhˇ ve asthma, respiratory disease shaˉ tsuhˇ ve a naˬ choke someone to death shaˉ tsuhˇ pehˍ ve wash something and put it on someone (clothes) tsuhˇ fuiˉ ve lungs tsuhˇ medicine, sometimes used for chemicals naˆ tsuhˇ up to one's armpits laꞈ tcuiˉ tsuhˇ-ehˬ this water goes up to one's knees. iˉ kaˆ chi hkui tcuhˉ tsuhˇ-ehˬ cawˬ ve rifle misfires naˆ tsuhˆ ve speak in a whisper tawˇ tsuhˇ-ehˆ te ve whimper, cry softly tsuhˇ-ehˆ tsuhˇ-ehˆ te hawˬ ve crumple something up, make into a ball (awˬ tsuhˆ) tsuhˆ ve a tightwad, tightfisted person chaw tsuhˆ crumple up paper htawˇ g'euˆ tsuhˆ ve make a fist, clench one's hand laꞈ sheh tsuhˆ ve squeeze something dry, wring out liquid from something tsuhˆ fiˍ ve clf for handfuls tsuhˆ please give me a handful of rice. awˍ teˇ tsuhˆ peꞈ a snowball vaˇ meu-ehˬ tsuhˆ bear a bitter grudge against tsuhˆ ve chaˆ ve tie, make a knot tsuhꞈ ve be tongue-tied, at a loss for words, stutter tawˇ tsuhꞈ ve tie up, restrain by tying hpeh tsuhꞈ ve fasten a belt haˍ pi tsuhꞈ ve tie together tsuhꞈ kawˆ ve tie up and carry tsuhꞈ taˆ ve pinch k'ehˉ tsuhꞈ ve clf for bundles, packets tsuhꞈ have a fluttering heart (excitement/fear) ciˉ-ehˬ cheu-ehˬ k'ai ve a breeze blows refreshingly mvuhˇ haw cheuˬ-ehˬ k'ai ve leap, jump high pawˆ cheuˇ ve be good (at something), be skillful at cheuˬ ve now it works fine. chi beuꞈ cheuˬ jaˇ he's very good at drawing pictures. yawˇ awˬ han te cheuˬ jaˇ do work very well kanˉ te cheuˬ jaˇ be a good talker tawˇ yaw cheuˬ ve hit what one strikes at dawˆ cheuˬ ve be a good shot, shoot well bawˆ cheuˬ ve an expert hunter shaˍ bawˆ cheuˬ paˍ be a good student henˇ cheuˬ ve be conceited, cocky, arrogant cheuˬ muiˬ-ehˬ te ve a boxer chu-ehˬ daꞈ paˍ poke/punch violently chu-ehˬ hk'a ve members of a household/family yehˬ hk'aw chaw(eh) (adverb, intensifier) chaweh quite a few, a fair amount maˇ chaweh a rather long time maw chaweh quite long (objects or time) zuhˬ chaweh to (v) quite (adj/adv) (adj) chaweh (v) put in quite a large amount uiˍ chaweh keu ve speak slowly naiˇ chaweh yaw ve call quite loudly bvuhˬ chaweh kuˬ ve laugh for quite a long time maw chaweh g'uiˬ ve it will be shot with great force so that it orbits the earth. miˬ guiˬ htaꞈ caw k'ai tuˬ hehnˇ chaweh bawˆ tuˬ yoˬ big, excessive, too much jaˇ her body is big already. awˬ shehˍ ma jaˇ-oˬ that's too much! jaˇ aˬ neˍ what you say is exaggerated. jaˇ aˬ neˍ, nawˬ k'oˆ ve awˍ you talk too much! hkawˇ jaˇ neˍ very (adj or v), many (v) (adj or v) jaˇ very fat chu jaˇ many go k'ai jaˇ many are born paw jaˇ shoot many (animals) bawˆ jaˇ be very angry at beuꞈ jaˇ know very much shiˍ jaˇ extremely (v), really and truly (v) (v) jaˇ tehˬ tehˬ they were also suffering quite a lot. yawˇ hui kaꞈ tuˍ hkanꞈ jaˇ tehˬ tehˬ ve yoˬ. to (v) more and more (chinese grammar) g'aˬ (v) g'aˬ jaˇ the wind blew more and more. mvuhˇ haw g'aˬ meuˆ g'aˬ jaˇ induce an abortion yaˇ te jaˇ ve edge, rim, border jaˇ the edge of a village hk'aˆ jaˇ the hem, edge of a garment hpa jaˇ just outside the room bawehˬ jaˇ wayside, roadside yaꞈ k'aw jaˇ sparrow jaˬ japan jaˬpanˍ (mvuhˇ miˬ) january jaˬnaˬvaˍriˍ sneak, spy on jaˆ ve spy in a group (kids peeking from around a corner) hpoˆ jaˆ ve a spy, sneaky person chaw jaˆ steal a look at, glance at jaˆ nyi ve shoot from an ambush jaˆ bawˆ ve leak, drip, trickle jaˆ ve leak through something pawˍ jaˆ ve clf for a drop jaˆ one drop of water iˉ kaˆ teˇ jaˆ several drops of blood awˬ suhˍ laiˉ jaˆ a teardrops mehˆ g'uiˬ teˇ jaˆ a cubit laꞈ jaˆ clf for cubit jaˆ lentil jaꞈ meuˇ nawˆ prepare, make ready ji ve do not prepare the path of death for us. suh hk'aˇ nawˬ taˇ ji laˇ tidy things up, get things out of the way mawˇ ji ve clean up the house yehˬ ji ve prepare in advance gu ji ve clear a path/trail yaꞈ k'aw ji ve clear a field with a bush knife hpawˇ ji ve outer edge, circumference, perimeter, environs ji the middle awˬ k'aw ji around the village, vicinity of village hk'aˆ ji all around (n) (n) jaˇ (n) ji staggering, stumblingly ji jaw ve stagger, go staggering ji jaw ji jaw k'ai ve stagger after drinking tsuhˬ dawˬ leh ji jaw te ve i'm staggering because they hit me. shu dawˆ laˇ leh ngaˬ ji jaw ji jaw k'ai ve wild ginger ji baw sweet basil ji baw hawˉ ma dress, dress up, put on an ornament jiˇ ve adorn with silver ornaments hpu jiˇ jiˇ ve get all dressed up for a festival pawehˇ jiˇ ve put on one's best clothes, get all dressed up veuꞈ k'aˇ jiˇ ve put on new clothes veuꞈ k'aˇ awˬ suhˉ jiˇ ve silver ornament hpu jiˇ gold ornament shi jiˇ move something, move something over jiˆ ve move away from jiˆ-e ve move toward jiˆ la ve dislocate a joint awˬ tcuhˉ jiˆ ve postpone, delay awˬ yanˇ jiˆ ve take something and move it yuˬ jiˆ ve change one's residence, move chehˇ kuiˬ jiˆ (k'ai) ve come back again, retreat jiˆ k'awꞈ la ve withdrawl, retreat jiˆ hk'awꞈ ve zip up, fasten a zipper shawˇ jiˆ taˆ ve take turns moving (as in checkers) jiˆ daꞈ ve move one's seat, shift one's seat jiˆ mui ve sit a little bit over, please. oˇ hpawˇ a ciˉ jiˆ mui unzip, unfasten a zipper shawˇ jiˆ yaꞈ ve ricochet off something, bounce off something jiˆ liˉ-e ve squirm around in one's seat jiˆ liˆ jiˆ liˆ te mui ve bicker and quarrel, be at odds yaꞈ daꞈ jiˆ daꞈ the wrong side of the dispute yaꞈ hpawˇ jiˆ hpawˇ a bell ju lu (k'oˍ) ring a bell by striking it ju lu dawˆ ve wedge, stake juˇ walk, go by foot juˇ ve walk along a path yaꞈ k'aw juˇ ve go for a stroll, walk for fun ca juˇ guiˇ-e ve walking-stick, cane juˇ fuiˍ taˬ bead, bead necklace juˬ shiˍ cowrie shell juˬ ma shiˍ white berry, job's tears juˬ piˉ shiˍ pierce, stab, inject juˆ ve stab with a knife aˉ htaw juˆ ve be wounded by a knife aˉ htaw juˆ baˆ ve buffalo gores awˉ k'aˍ juˆ ve throw things around out of anger, rage juiˇ juˆ ve give an injection, inject medicine naˆ tsuhˇ juˆ ve inoculate, vaccinate naˆ tsuhˇ juˆ fanˍ ve, g'aˆ juˆ ve tattoo, be tattoed naˬ meuꞈ juˆ ve be shocked, upset by something nyi ma juˆ ve make a dotted line maiˉ na awˬ cawˆ awˬ cawˆ juˆ ve fork (for eating) luˉ k'u juˆ something for piercing, for poking juˆ tuˬ a fish-can opener pa kaˆ juˆ tuˬ have stabbing pains juˆ naˬ ve have gas pains, stomach cramps mvuhˇ haw juˆ naˬ ve cause sap to flow from tree juˆ nehˆ ve gouge out, cause to pop out by applying pressure juˆ pehꞈ ve kill by stabbing juˆ pehˍ ve be impaled to death on a piece of wood suhˆ juˆ pehˍ ve pierce into juˆ loꞈ-e ve point juˆ ve don't point at people! chaw taˇ juˆ point at someone in approval, summon someone to do something by pointing juˆ kuˬ ve point something out, point out the way juˆ maˍ ve incite, instigate, stir up juˆ ve beˬ ve go around stirring up trouble ca juˆ ca beˬ ve fairly, enough for everyone, in plenty hk'a je-ehˬ let there be plenty to go around! hk'a je-ehˬ cawˬ piˆ-oˆ a debt jeˬ pay back a debt jeˬ k'awꞈ shehˍ ve repay a debt jeˬ hk'awꞈ ve be in debt, have debts jeˬ tcuhˉ ve owe a debt jeˬ cha ve make a loan to jeˬ piˇ ve creditor jeˬ piˇ paˍ owe a debt; carry a debt jeˬ pfuhˇ ve collect a debt jeˬ shaw ve debtor jeˬ yuˬ paˍ buy on credit, buy but still owe jeˬ ve when my friend buys something on credit, i have to vouch for him. ngaˬ awˬ chawˇ mawˇ jeˬ htaˇ ngaˬ yawˇ awˬ tan g'a hkanˍ ve yoˬ. goods, property jeˬ property, possessions mawˇ jeˬ earth, dirt, soil jeꞈ underground, in the earth jeꞈ hk'aw a bird that lives in the ground jeꞈ ngaˆ baked earth, fired clay jeꞈ chiˆ aˍ ve mud jeꞈ nawˉ nehˆ chalk jeꞈ hpu bulldozer, tractor jeꞈ buˇ paˍ kaˇ cover over with dirt, earth jeꞈ beh ve dust jeꞈ meu-e "eat earth" eat a fine red clay during pregnancy jeꞈ lehꞈ ve appear jo ve have flowers, flowers appear awˬ veˆ jo ve be groggy, drowsy jo ve dozing in and out of sleep zuhꞈ muiˉ jo ve be listless, lethargic, sluggish jo jo te ve just go through the motions, without putting heart into something ho lo jo-ehˬ te ve be listless, half asleep jo suh-ehˬ te ve wheat jonˍ juneˉ joˍneˍ julyˉ joˍlaiˍ stop, come to a stop, wait, pause jehˇ ve quit one's job, stop working kanˉ jehˇ ve the rain has stopped! mvuhˇ yeˬ jehˇ oˬ vaˬ have a rest g'aˇ jehˇ ve the bus has stopped lawˍliˍ jehˇ ve wait a minute! teˇ hkui jehˇ aˍ sheˍ cause something to stop jehˇ tcuh ve a rest-sign, a comma jehˇ ve awˬ heˆ discuss, confer, consult jehˬ ve all they talk about is visiting the girls yaˇ miˇ g'a guiˇ ve htaꞈ tiˉ jehˬ ve yoˬ come to a decision after discussion jehˬ cheˆ ve discuss w/each other, confer jehˬ daꞈ ve advise someone jehˬ piˇ ve, jehˬ laˇ ve mediate between; reconcile opposing parties awˬ kaˍ lehˉ jehˬ hawˍ piˇ ve terminate discussion jehˬ peuˬ-eˬ ve terminate a lawsuit aˬ moꞈ jehˬ peˍ ve judge, arbitrate suhˉ jehˬ ve counselor, advisor tawˇ jehˬ suhˉ jehˬ shehˍ hpaˇ be patient, long-suffering, endure, hold out jehˇ ve we're starving! we can't stand it anymore! meuꞈ ve-awˍ, jehˇ aˇ g'a oˬ yaˇ give it your all! hk'a jehˇ te mehˍ suffer, be in pain naˬ jehˇ ve jaw spirit (type of evil spirit) jaw avoid, dodge, make a detour jaw ve avoid a village, make a detour around a village hk'aˆ htaꞈ jaw k'ai ve place one goes to avoid people vehˬ kuiˬ jaw kuiˬ to have ever (v), have experienced (v)ing, used to (v)ing (v) jaw ve have you ever eaten a lahu curryˉ nawˬ laˇhuˍ awˍ chiˇ caˇ jaw oˬ laˇ i've never managed to go to bangkok yet. ngaˬ koˇhteˆ awˍ maˇ g'a k'ai jaw sheˍ not have had the opportunity to practice speaking maˇ g'a yaw jawˬ jaw ve i'm not used to wearing these glasses yet. ngaˬ mehˆ keawˬ chi maˇ tcuhˉ jaw sheˍ as/like one usually (v)s (v) jaw ve hk'e die from loss of blood (miscarriage) suhˍ jawˇ suh ve having one's hands full with children yaˇ pfuhˇ yaˇ jawˇ one loom g'aꞈ teˇ jawˇ a superior, lord, master jawˇ mawˇ sir! my lord! ngaˬ jawˇ mawˇ-oˬ lady, female dignitary, madam jawˇ mawˇ ma a queen bee pehˇ jawˇ mawˇ ma a gentlemen, aristocrat, upper class jawˇ mawˇ yaˇ the authorities, government officials mvuhˇ miˬ jawˇ mawˇ feel (physical sensation, emotions, awareness) jawˬ ve numb shu htawˇ laˇ htawˇ maˇ jawˬ puiˉ i did feel the earthquake! miˬ hiˆ htaˇ ngaˬ jawˬ ve awˍ a nerve jawˬ caˆ feel pain naˬ jawˬ ve come to feel, realize, become aware jawˬ la ve study, practice, undergo training jawˬ ve have target practice pa caw jawˬ ve learn by practice, study and learn henˇ jawˬ ve learn how to do something te jawˬ henˇ jawˬ ve study books, do schoolwork liꞈ jawˬ ve train someone, make someone practice jawˬ tcuh ve unexpectedly, with no preparation maˇ jawˬ maˇ hk'ehˆ imitate a rat's voice faˆ hkawˇ jawˬ ve an expert at imitating bird-calls ngaˆ hkawˇ jawˬ puiˉ paˍ he's very good at imitating other's voices, impersonating yawˇ shu hkawˇ jawˬ puiˉ jaˇ learn by reciting, imitate someone's voice or actions g'aꞈ jawˬ ve practice (v)ing (v) jawˬ ve practice playing the guitar tiˍ hteˆ jawˬ ve practice writing bvuhꞈ jawˬ ve practice speaking lahu laˇhuˍ hkawˇ yaw jawˬ ve practice writing liꞈ bvuhꞈ jawˬ ve shake something (up and down/side to side) jawˆ ve shake dice with each other, play dice maꞈ tewˬ shiˍ jawˆ daꞈ ve put in and shake up (as pill in water) keu jawˆ ve shake off, remove by shaking (dirt from a mat) hpe jawˆ ve car jounces lawˍliˍ jawˆ ve bounce up and down (on horseback, bumpy road, etc) pawˆ jawˆ ve hit, beat (w/instrument) jawꞈ ve goad a buffalo awˉ k'aˍ jawꞈ ve lay tar/asphalt kuiˍ jawꞈ ve beat, thresh dawˆ jawˬ ve harvest beans nawˆ jawꞈ ve flint (for starting fire) miˉ jawꞈ propeller, rotor mvuhˇ haw jawꞈ tuˬ send back by beating, beat and cause to go back jawꞈ hk'awꞈ peu ve a stick for beating jawꞈ tuˬ aˉ taˬ jump rope caˉ hk'eh jawꞈ pawˆ ve reprove, scold; reprimand (by gentle beating) jawꞈ maˍ ve relatively low land alongside a river pehˬ jawꞈ remain stationary, stand still tzuh ve stay still! hk'a dehꞈ tzuh chehˇ sheˍ a hiding place tzuh kuiˬ summit, top part tzuh treetop suhˆ tzuh urine tzuhˇ (g'uiˬ) examine urine tzuhˇ tehˆ ve urinate tzuhˇ piˉ ve pisspot, urinal tzuhˇ piˉ kawˆ urinate on tzuhˇ piˉ pfuhˍ ve ink cartridge naˍ meuꞈ g'uiˬ tzuhˇ hpuˇ lose control of one's bladder tzuhˇ hawˆ ve wet one's pants haˍ htaw hk'aw tzuhˇ hawˆ keu ve snap back at someone, irritable; irritate someone tzuhˇ ve speak irritably tawˇ tzuhˇ ve this guy has a sharp tongue. chi hpaˇ tawˇ tzuhˇ jaˇ that kid is really irritating me/getting on my nerves. yaˇ chi teˇ maˬ tzuhˇ jaˇ k'oˆ ma do roughly, without gentleness tzuhˇ juˆ te ve don't do it sloppy, do it carefully! tzuhˇ juˆ taˇ te, a yehˉ yehˉ te< excellent! very good! daꞈ tzuhˇ-aˇ you talk too much! hkawˇ tzuhˇ-aˇ neˍ (v) too much, very much (v) tzuhˇ-aˇ liquor, intoxicating drink tzuhˬ drink (alcohol) tzuhˬ dawˬ ve drink to excess, be a problem drinker tzuhˬ dawˬ hk'eh ve a drunkard (an alcoholic) tzuhˬ hpeuˬ (lonˉ) wine from grapes a pehˉ meuˇ tzuhˬ western liquor kaˇlaˇ hpu tzuhˬ rice liquor caˬ chiˍ tzuhˬ stand in a straight line close together tzuhˬ-ehˬ te huˉ ve go/walk/march abreast tzuhˬ tzuhˬ k'ai ve fine-toothed comb puiˍ tzuhˬ itch tzuhˆ ve my forehead was itching me to death. naˍ k'aˍ pui tzuhˆ ve suh-e la ve yoˬ be teething, be itching to speak sharply at someone ciˬ tzuhˆ ve flirtatious pehꞈ tzuhˆ ve hand itches, be restless laꞈ tzuhˆ ve itchy tzuhˆ-aˬ prurient, immoral desires tzuhˆ hk'aˇ the path of immorality, bad morals pehꞈ hk'aˇ tzuhˆ hk'aˇ an itchy place tzuhˆ kuiˬ scratch yourself where it itches. nawˬ tzuhˆ kuiˬ gaˆ a nyi have a bad itch cheꞈ naˬ tzuhˆ naˬ ve tear, rip tzuhꞈ ve tear into two pieces tzuhꞈ cheˆ ve tear upwards tzuhꞈ taˆ ve tear off tzuhꞈ baˬ ve tear off, tear apart tzuhꞈ suhˍ ve ruin/destroy by tearing tzuhꞈ luˬ ve spark of fire aˬ miˍ tzuhꞈ ve sparkling tzuhꞈ-ehˬ stripe, checker ta a substitute, symbolic representation tan for your sake, in order to help you nawˬ uˉ nawˬ tan for his sake, in order to help him yawˇ uˉ yawˇ tan representative, surrogate, scapegoatˉ hpu tan to box ta (k'oˍ) icebox, refrigerator a ngeu ta, gawˬ ve ta k'oˍ wooden box suhˆ ta k'oˍ book-box liꞈ ta k'oˍ eye (shan) ta rifle-sight shehˉ ta all, so much, all kinds of (shan) ta abundance of food and drink caˇ ta dawˬ ta all comforts, everything needed for good life paw ta sha ta very many, all kinds of ta laiˉ many years ta laiˉ hk'awꞈ many people chaw ta laiˉ be delayed, held up, waste time ta kawˬ don't keep wasting time. chi beuꞈ taˇ ta kawˬ sheˍ be delayed by (n) (n) htaꞈ ta kawˬ-aˬ because of his illness there was some delay. yawˇ chehˇ haˍ ve htaꞈ pa taw leh ta kawˬ-aˬ brick wall, concrete wall ta meuꞈ gate in a wall (walled city, temple) ta meuꞈ hpeꞈ water-gate iˉ kaˆ ta meuꞈ city wall venˇ ta meuꞈ dragonfly taˉ tuˬ ma praying mantis taˉ maˬ cicada taˉ ve (le) mole cricket taˉ lawehˍ aunt taˉ ma father or mother's sister taˉ te paˍ mother's older sister taˉ yeꞈ ma mother's older sister's husband taˉ yeꞈ te negative probability -taˉ-o have mumps, be swollen from mumps taˉ u hpoꞈ ve (said to children) no, no, be still! taˉ taˉ bag, sack, suitcase taˉ poˆ (k'oˍ) a knapsack for carrying over the shoulder laꞈ k'aˉ pfuhˇ tuˬ ve taˉ poˆ strap of a bag taˉ poˆ caˆ ladle, big wooden spoon, spatula, oar taˉ behˆ (le) whatever one wants to do, pleases (red lahu) tanˉ caiˉ axe (modern factory made) taˉ maꞈ negative imperative, don't (v) taˇ (v) don't be afraid. taˇ kawˆ please don't go. taˇ k'ai mehˍ don't go home yet. taˇ k'oꞈ-e sheˍ don't get angry. taˇ beuꞈ mehˍ don't be afraid of the airplane. caꞈ poˬ aꞈ taˇ kawˆ mehˍ don't knock out a clay pipe on a rock. (proverb) haˉ pui aꞈ jeꞈ shuˉ hk'u taˇ dawˆ you don't have to tell me (clause), you're telling me! (clause) taˇ k'oˆ loˬ quit playing around taˇ leh leˍ don't go (v)ing, don't you dare (v)! taˇ leh (v) don't go begging them! taˇ leh lawˬ loˬ make an offering tanˇ ve make an offering to a spirit, demon neˇ tanˇ ve a money offering hpu tanˇ ve put in an offering hpu tanˇ keu ve offering-box, contribution box hpu tanˇ k'oˍ offerings tanˇ hk'eun altar tanˇ kuiˬ offering, sacrifice tanˇ tuˬ give as an offering tanˇ piˇ ve be free, have spare time, be in time for something tanˇ ve have time enough, have free time awˬ yanˇ tanˇ ve if you're free, come on over to my house. nawˬ tanˇ k'o ngaˬ yehˬ aꞈ laˬ oꞈ not enough time to (v) (v) maˇ tanˇ have no time to eat caˇ maˇ tanˇ i'm not ready to go yet. k'ai maˇ tanˇ sheˍ a grade in school, a standard tanˍ sixth grade hkawꞈ tanˍ what grade are you inˉ, how many grades are thereˉ awˬ tanˍ hk'aˇ nyiˇ tanˍ cawˬ le be promoted a grade awˬ tanˍ taˆ-e ve i hope that janu will pass the 7th standard. caˬnuˇ suhˍ tanˇ awnˍ tuˬ ngaˬ dawˇ law ve yoˬ all night, the whole night long; at night tanˇ hkuinˇ one's whole body tanˇ to tanˇ lehˇ all future generations tanˇ naˬ always (all years and eras) tanˇ pi tanˇ co-e achievements, accomplishments tanˇ heˆ tanˇ ca, kanˉ te taˍ ve awˬ ceuˬ teˇ hpaˍ all day, a full day; daytime, during the day tanˇ vanˇ all night and all day tanˇ hkeunˇ tanˇ vanˇ midday meal, lunch tanˇ vanˇ awˍ obligatory work for everyone (in the village) tanˇ laiˉ ve kanˉ trade; buying and selling tanˇ kaˬ trader, merchant tanˇ kaˬ paˍ do business tanˇ kaˬ te ve behavior, conduct tanˇ heˆ be chewy and hard heh taˇ-oˆ heh taˇ-oˆ hpehꞈ ve pay a divorce settlement taˇ sheˉ sheˉ piˇ ve occult power taˇlaˇ possessed by a spirit taˇlaˇ yaꞈ ve a shaman taˇlaˇ paˍ hell taˇlaˇ moˬ naˆ hoꞈ rapids (iˉ kaˆ hk'aw) taˬ rocky rapids haˉ pui shiˍ taˬ this river has many rocky rapids. lawˬ k'aˉ chi haˉ pui shiˍ taˬ cawˬ maˇ ve yoˬ stick, stalk, clf for stick-like objects taˬ a stick aˉ taˬ (du) safety fence keuˬ taˬ pencil hkehˆ taˬ toothbrush ciˬ shiˆ taˬ violin bow tiˍ hehˆ taˬ ruler, measuring stick tehˆ taˬ pen naˬ meuꞈ taˬ gun barrel naˆ taˬ candle pehˇ hawˍ taˬ (a/one) wooden stick suhˆ taˬ (teˇ taˬ) wall-stud yehˬ cawˍ ko taˬ a stick used to keep a door shut yehˬ miˉ k'awˍ taˬ a bamboo pole vaˇ taˬ be enough taˬ ve want some more riceˉ awˍ taˬ-oˬ laˇ is there enough woodˉ suhˆ taˬ-oˬ laˇ i've had enough. taˬ-oˬ we ought to go quickly haˆ te leh k'ai taˬ-oˬ ought (v) taˬ ve be tired of (v)ing, not enough energy to (v) (v) maˇ taˬ(-oˬ) i'm tired of hearing about that. oˇ ve awˍ na maˇ taˬ-oˬ i'm tired of waiting, it's been so long! law maˇ taˬ-oˬ, maw jaˇ oˬ begin, start tanˬ ve from that moment on... oˇ teˇ hkui htaꞈ tanˬ leh... the fifth line from the bottom awˬ hawˉ hpawˇ taˬ leh ngaˇ cawˆ teˇ cawˆ from this year onward chi hk'awꞈ tanˬ leh awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ k'ai ve k'o from now on chi beuꞈ tanˬ leh oˇ k'ai ve k'o start a new household, family yehˬ k'a tanˬ ve start to (v) tanˬ (v) ve start to plant tanˬ ti ve start to look at tanˬ nyi ve if we start to figure it out tanˬ nyi a k'o awˍ separate from, want to separate from taˬ ve take leave of one's grandchildren awˬ yaˇ awˬ duˬ taˬ ve when a husband and wife don't get along, they want to separate. awˬ hpawˇ awˬ miˇ maˬ nyi ma maˇ cawˇ daꞈ k'o, taˬ-aw are you willing to be separated from meˉ nawˬ ngaˬ htaꞈ taˬ aw laˇ compete with, challenge someone, wager money with tanˬ ve challenge, confront each other tanˬ daꞈ ve bet money against someone awˬ hpuˇ tanˬ daꞈ ve bet money against someone hpu tanˬ daꞈ ve strong negative prediction, negative probability -taˬ probably won't arrive maˇ gaˬ la taˬ probably won't catch up with maˇ mi taˬ most likely not mine ngaˬ ve maˇ heˆ taˬ probably will not (v) maˇ (v) taˬ hehˉ if you don't make war, you won't die. nawˬ maꞈ maˇ te k'o, maˇ suh taˬ hehˉ wooden rake taˬ taˆ paˍ wooden leveler (house sites) taˬ taˆ k'oˍ place on, put on, set on taˍ ve a stand, pedestal taˍ kuiˬ concentrate one's efforts, united in spirit with others nyi ma teˇ shiˍ tiˉ taˍ ve ordain and establish, command with lasting effect paˆ taˍ ve respect someone taˍ uiˍ ve respect god g'uiˬ sha htaꞈ taˍ uiˍ ve disrespect someone maˇ taˍ uiˍ glorify, extol taˍ uiˍ taˍ mvuh way of believing, beliefs, moral values (nyi ma) taˍ hk'aˇ appoint (to a position) taˍ ve the government has appointed him headman. yawˇ htaꞈ miˬ guiˬ jawˇ mawˇ hk'aˆ sheh taˍ teh piˇ ve yoˬ. take a matter to court, "go and lay blame" ca taˍ ve be contending parties in a lawsuit awˬ lawn taˍ daꞈ ve bring a matter to court shaˉ nanˉ taˍ daꞈ ve accuse someone venˇ baˆ taˍ ve indicates (v) is a stable action, or is in perfect tense (v) taˍ ve shut the door first. yehˬ miˉ hoˆ taˍ sheˍ a pig's head that has been boiled cawˇ taˍ ve vaꞈ oˉ k'oˍ he had already asked for chicken eggs. yawˇ g'aˆ u lawˬ taˍ ve yoˬ i have decided to go to town again next month. ngaˬ ha pa suhˉ venˇ hk'aw k'awꞈ k'ai tuˬ dawˇ taˍ ve yoˬ everybody probably knows that already. oˇ ve awˍ teˇ g'aˇ le le shiˍ taˍ ve hehˉ really, truly, strongly taˍ naˍ if you really understand... nawˬ taˍ naˍ shiˍ k'o... police taˍ nuꞈ police and soldiers, authorities taˍ nuꞈ taˍ hanˉ responsibilities, duties taˍ g'unˍ, taˍ wunˍ take responsibility, assume a duty taˍ wunˍ yuˬ ve he's afraid to take any responsibility. yawˇ taˍ wunˍ yuˬ tuˬ kawˆ ve go up, climb, ascend taˆ ve blood pressure rises awˬ suhˍ taˆ ve climb into someone's lap tehˉ k'awꞈ taˆ ve get overripe, get rusty yawˇ taˆ ve have a housewarming party yehˬ suhˉ taˆ ve go climbing up, be promoted taˆ-e ve be promoted a grade awˬ htaiˍ taˆ-e ve make it to the top taˆ-e gaˬ ve take a matter to court suhˉ taˆ(-e) ve go climbing up taˆ k'ai ve arrive at the peak of a mtn hk'aw taˆ hawˆ ve the tide comes in iˉ kaˆ taˆ la ve upwards (v) taˆ ve increase the price of hawˇ taˆ ve carry on one's shoulders, load on one's shoulders taˆ ve do heavy labor ca chiˇ ca taˆ ve pick up something and carry it g'awˆ taˆ-e ve carry out, carry away taˆ k'ai ve carry something around, go around carrying something taˆ caw ve carry a baby yaˇ-ehˉ taˆ ve pass sentence at a trial, decide a case a muꞈ taˆ ve verdict, sentence tawˇ taˆ hkawˇ, suhˉ taˆ hkawˇ make a report (after considering evidence) taˆ k'oˆ ve go and report a decision to someone ca taˆ k'oˆ piˇ ve solve, resolve, come to a decision taˆ cheˆ ve judge a case (thai) taˆ shiˉ stop using tobacco, quit smoking shuˉ taˆ ve clf for dates according to western calendar taˆ on next december 24th diˬseˇbaˬ ha pa suhˉ nyiˇ chi awˇ taˆ htaˇ clf for loads carried on shoulders taˆ trench, ditch taˆ k'oˍ military camp, fortress taꞈ military camp maꞈ yaˇ taꞈ bar entrance to, block the way to, challenge someone, offend taꞈ ve i don't mean to challenge or offend you. nawˬ htaꞈ taꞈ ve maˇ heˆ block other's, stand in other people's way shu aꞈ taꞈ piˇ ve he has offended me, and i never want to see his face again. yawˇ ngaˬ htaꞈ taꞈ laˇ leh yawˇ ve mehˆ hpfuhˇ aꞈ maˇ k'awꞈ mawˬ gaˇ keep the chinese out, block out the chinese hehˆpaˍ aꞈ taꞈ piˇ ve silently, quietly taꞈ-iˉ ve be quiet, remain silent, keep still taꞈ iˉ chehˇ ve do something quietly taꞈ-iˉ chehˇ te ve in absolute silence taꞈ-iˉ gawˬ lehˍ police taꞈ noꞈ border police miˬ tcuhˉ taꞈ noꞈ police station taꞈ noꞈ shaˉ naˉ kind of oak tree taꞈ pa (cehˬ) felon, whitlow (inflammation of finger or toe, near nail) ti get a felon, have a felon develop ti tawˆ ve be in pain from a felon ti naˬ ve acorn taꞈ pa shiˍ a place ti in the hills every place is good. hk'aw hk'oˆ lawˬ hk'oˆ teˇ ti le le daꞈ ve residence, one's address chehˇ ti land for cultivation miˬ ti vaˇ ti a happy place (animist) ti sha plant, implant, stick firmly into ti ve plant again, replant k'awꞈ ti ve transplant (in the ground) hk'ai ti ve plant shallowly gaˆ ti ve plant rice caˬ ti ve plant and sow ti ve hk'a ve be fixed, stable (of one's residence); birthplaceˉ ti paw ve be a vagabond, wanderer, not have a fixed residence chehˇ kuiˬ ti maˇ paw be firmly planted, rooted in one place (plant, person) ti yeˬ ve lowland irrigated rice-field ti mi irrigation channel in paddy-field ti mi hk'aˇ make a path through a paddy-field ti mi hk'aˇ k'awˇ ve what has a trunk but no stumpˉ a paddy-field dike. (riddle) awˬ tehˉ k'u cawˬ elh awˬ mvuhˉ daw maˇ cawˬ ve aˬ htoꞈ ma le. ti mi tehˇ plow a wet-rice field ti mi htaiˉ ve button vt tiˉ ve n tiˉ hk'aˆ shiˍ buttonhole tiˉ hk'aˆ hpui sew buttons onto a shirt aˉ poꞈ aꞈ tiˉ hk'aˆ shiˍ tawˉ ve unbutton vt tiˉ hk'aˆ shiˍ hpui ve hip socket pfuhˬ tiˉ hk'aˆ shiˍ silver button (used abundantly on lahu clothing) hpu tiˉ hk'aˆ shiˍ only tiˉ only one person, all by oneself teˇ g'aˇ tiˉ i only want to get one fruit. ngaˬ teˇ shiˍ tiˉ heuˆ gaˇ ve just (v) (v) ve tiˉ yoˬ let's just go home, shall weˉ k'oꞈ-e tiˉ yoˬ leˇ not only (v), not (v) (v) ve tiˉ maˇ heˆ i haven't just come to look. ca nyi ve tiˉ maˇ heˆ they won't just eat in chiang mai. yawˇ hui ceˇmaiˬ awˍ caˇ tuˬ ve tiˉ maˬ heˆ. not only will i come to visit, but i'll stay there too. ca guiˇ ve tiˉ maˇ heˆ, chehˇ kaꞈ chehˇ tuˬ yoˬ pestle tiˉ tuˬ click beetle tiˉ tehˆ shehˍ ma fetlock (bony protrusion on animal's leg, near hoof) tiˉ pawehꞈ lightning mvuhˇ tiˉ pawehꞈ to whistle tiˉ shiˆ muiˬ ve the asiatic chipmunk faˆ tiˉ shiˆ kill, strike a fatal blow, attack tiˇ ve beat someone up, attack someone with a weapon dawˆ ve tiˇ ve kill for food, slaughter to eat tiˇ caˇ ve to murder, cross out (wrong words), switch off, turn off tiˇ pehˍ (piˇ) ve turn off the lights, kill the lights daˆ shiˍ tiˇ pehˍ ve turn off by pressing a button nyiˉ leh tiˇ pehˍ ve cross out writing liꞈ tiˇ pehˍ ve assault verbally, scold soundly tiˇ loˍ ve whittle, scrape with a knife tiˬ ve a knife can't whittle its own handle. (proverb) aˉ hteꞈ tuˇ aˉ hteꞈ tiˬ maˇ g'a whittle bamboo strips vaˇ ne tiˬ ve be impure, unclean, muddy tiˬ ve this water isn't muddy/fouled at all. iˉ kaˆ chi maˇ tiˬ law muddy water, foul water iˉ kaˆ tiˬ make water muddy by stirring up sediment g'awˆ tiˬ ve earthworm tiˬ an asian musical instrument, guitar, banjo, harp tinˍ plectrum, guitar-pick tiˍ hteˆ tuˬ ve pegs of a guitar tiˍ naˍ paw violin bow tiˍ hehˆ taˬ violin, home-made instrument played with bow tinˍ shiˉ play the violin tinˍ shiˉ hteˆ ve tune a stringed instrument tinˍ shiˉ ve restrain, hold back, fix in place tiˍ ve be jammed tight, be stuck for good hkanˉ tiˍ tanˍ ve bite onto and not let go cheꞈ tiˍ ve hold tightly in a clenched fist chuiˆ tiˍ ve immobilize by stepping on, hold down with the foot naˆ tiˍ ve immobilize by pressing or squeezing nyiˉ tiˍ ve a paperclip htawˇ g'euˆ noˆ tiˍ tuˬ pinch tightly, hold fast as in a vise noˆ tiˍ ve shut up (a room) completely, restrain by covering with hand hoˆ tiˍ ve restrict, restrain haw tiˍ ve when one person tries to go, another pulls him back. teˇ g'aˇ te k'ai k'o, teˇ g'aˇ g'awˬ tiˍ hold on to something firmly, not let go g'awˆ tiˍ ve hold one's breath shaˉ tiˍ ve hold back (by force); hold fast, seize yuˬ tiˍ ve an only child chaw tiˍ, yaˇ tiˍ saturate, soak, moisten, dip in a liquid tiˆ ve soak rice caˬ hk'a tiˆ ve to dye cloth you have to dip it in water. hpa haw tuˬ iˉ kaˆ hk'aw g'a tiˆ ve fall into water and get soaked iˉ kaˆ paˍ tiˆ ve soak tea to drink, steep tea laꞈ tiˆ dawˬ ve giraffe, cameleopard tiˆ kaˍlaˍ uˆ to beat (as a pulse), tick (as a clock) tiˆ tiˆ k'ai ve, tiˆ tiˆ te ve another name for the bible co tiꞈ ha tiꞈ ve liꞈ an everlasting thing, something that can never be used up mvuhˇ tiꞈ contact someone, get in touch w/someone tiꞈ tawˍ get up, rise tu ve get up again k'awꞈ tu ve set something upright te tu ve come alive teꞈ tu ve be resurrected k'awꞈ teꞈ tu ve awaken (someone) nawˍ tu ve awake from sleep zuhꞈ tu la ve sit up, rise into a sitting position tu mui ve stand up, rise tu huˉ ve is he still asleepˉ i haven't seen him get up. zuhꞈ chehˇ shawˍ laˇ. maˬ tu la mawˬ. good morning! tu la oˬ laˇ where did you spend the nightˉ hk'awˬ ca haˉ tu la le. where do you come fromˉ nawˬ hk'aˬ lo tu la le starting off from (x) (x) tu leh... starting off from the village they went into the jungle. hk'aˆ hk'aw tu leh hehˆ puiˉ hk'aw k'ai ve (clf) young plant, sapling tu young bamboo plant vaˇ tu one bamboo sapling vaˇ tu teˇ tu fresh young bamboo that springs up after burning a field vaˇ nawehˬ tu hair bun, chignon uˉ hk'eh tu burn something, light something on fire tuˉ ve does not catch fire, cannot light tuˉ maˇ toꞈ (puiˉ) light a beeswax candle, worship a spirit by lighting candle pehˇ tuˉ ve a spirit-worshipper, an animist pehˇ tuˉ paˍ a crematorium chaw suh tuˉ kuiˬ burn charcoal shiˉ g'euꞈ tuˉ ve singe tuˉ hkeuꞈ ve altar tuˉ tanˇ kuiˬ set fire to, set off a fire (burning a field) tuˉ hpehˇ ve burn up, burn away tuˉ baˬ ve burn something, scorch something (on purpose) tuˉ chiˆ ve expose to fire, apply fire to tuˉ moˉ ve ball (clf) tuˉ a ball awˬ tuˉ meatball shaˍ tuˉ a ball of rice awˍ teˇ tuˉ do a somersault tuˉ paˍ kaꞈ k'ai ve to go head over heals, rolling over and over tuˉ li paˍ li k'ai ve bulging, lumpy, rounded tuˉ-ehˬ have bulging muscles awˬ shaˍ dawˇ tuˉ-ehˬ te ve earth is mounded miˬ guiˬ tuˉ-ehˬ k'ai ve pout, purse one's lips meuˇ tuˉ-ehˬ te ve hens' eggs are oval. g'aˆ u tuˉ-ehˬ k'ai ve all puffed-up, swollen tuˉ-ehˬ bvuhˉ-ehˬ cupboard, cabinet tuˇ (slang) to fire, shoot tuˇ ve to fire a gun ngaˆ tuˇ (hpehˇ) ve wager money phu tuˇ daꞈ ve bear false witness, swear falsely hkanˍ ve tuˇ ve handle, holes made for planting seeds tuˇ knife-handle aˉ hteꞈ tuˇ machete/sword handle aˉ htaw tuˇ hoe handle ciˉ k'awˆ tuˇ a spring, source of water, a well g'uiˬ tuˇ for free, gratuitously tuˇ freely tuˇ aˬ hk'e leˇ, hk'e leˇ tuˇ-aˬ distribute freely tuˇ aˬ hk'e leˇ pehˬ piˇ ve an extra syllable put in to "sound good"; a particle, syllable with no meaning of it's own tuˇ kaˆ hkawˇ for no good reason, unexpectedly tuˇ shuˍ aꞈ today it just happened for no reason at all. yaꞈ nyi lehˬ tuˇ shuˍ aꞈ chi hk'e hpehꞈ sheˍ oˬ clf for basketfuls tunˇ that guy's really stingy oˇ hpaˇ tuˬ jaˇ be stingy with food caˇ tuˬ ve stingy person chaw tuˬ be stingy with money hpu tuˬ ve, hpu yehˇ tuˬ ve indicates unrealized, hypothetical, future action ...tuˬ if you eat that, you'll get sick. nawˬ oˇ ve caˇ k'o, naˬ tuˬ ve yoˬ you probably don't need to teach us all these things. chi hk'a peu-eˬ htaꞈ maˍ laˇ tuˬ maˇ loˍ hehˉ to (v2) in order to (v1) (v1) tuˬ (v2) he's trying to make it better. yawˇ daꞈ la tuˬ te ve keep trying to obtain it! g'a tuˬ coˇ caˇ sheˍ (to have) work to do kanˉ te tuˬ (cawˬ ve) praise chiˇ mvuh tuˬ singing will become praise k'a muiˬ tuˬ chiˇ mvuh tuˬ hpehꞈ ve yoˬ worry, cause for distress, problem dawˇ haˍ tuˬ joy, happiness, a cause for happiness ha lehˬ tuˬ windshield wipers lawˍ liˍ mvuhˇ yeˬ shiˆ tuˬ ve purposive nominalizer (turns verbs into nouns) ...tuˬ ve bury (in the ground) tuˍ ve bury something, immerse/dip something in water duˇ tuˍ ve a grave, a tomb tuˍ hpfuh gravesite, cemetery tuˍ hpfuh cawˬ kuiˬ baptize someone iˉ kaˆ tuˍ piˇ ve receive baptism iˉ kaˆ hkanˍ tuˍ ve, iˉ kaˆ tuˍ yuˬ ve fall into the water, sink iˉ kaˆ hk'aw paˍ tuˍ ve will you baptize my friendˉ ngaˬ awˬ chawˇ htaꞈ iˉ kaˆ tuˍ piˇ ve laˇ a boat sinks haw loꞈ k'oˍ tuˍ loꞈ ve a bud buds, be in bud awˬ tuˍ tuˍ la ve be poor, in distress, suffer tuꞈ ve face sunken with distress hk'oꞈ tuꞈ ve have a difficult birth keuˆ tuꞈ keuˆ hkiˉ be troubled, distressed, suffering, experiencing tuꞈ hkanˍ ve cause someone distress, torment someone tuꞈ hkanˍ tcuh ve be continually distressed tuꞈ chehˇ hkanˍ chehˇ ve buddhist monk tuꞈ cawˬ creeper, vine te do, make, do for a living, play the role of te ve don't do it, son! taˇ te, ngaˬ yaˇ paˍ oˬ i don't know what to doˉ hk'aˬ hk'e g'a te tuˬ naˍ aˇ shiˍ make a pillow; use as a pillow uˉ gehˇ te ve make a house, build a house; use as a house yehˬ te ve worship spirits, perform animism neˇ te ve set a price awˬ hpfuhˇ te ve how much of it are you makingˉ; how much are you asking forˉ (price) hk'aˬ ma te ve le how much will you charge for your elephantˉ nawˬ ve haw hk'aˬ ma te tuˬ le to challenge (n) (n) htaꞈ te ve i'm not challenging you. nawˬ htaꞈ te ve maˇ heˆ act as headman hk'aˆ sheh te ve be a servant to others shu ceˬ te ve have holes awˬ hk'aw te ve does this kind of snake have stripesˉ vuiˬ chi teˇ ceuˬ awˬ ta lawehˆ te ve laˇ to be lumpy awˬ diˬ te ve walk on tiptoes hkui cu nyi te ve to limp hkui neˆ te ve crawl gaˉ go lo te ve to do or be in a way described by adverbial expression (adv) te ve go bang poˬ poˬ te ve have red and burning eyes mehˆ nyiˉ mehˆ k'a te ve ... with a red face. mehˆ hpfuhˇ nyiˉ-ehˍ te leh... they're on the verge of /just about to quarelling. yawˇ hui yaꞈ daꞈ ngaw ngaw te ve to do in the same way, likewise; make it the same hk'a shuˍ-ehˍ te ve be crooked k'awꞈ-ehˍ te ve be straight; straighten, set upright hteˇ-ehˍ te ve whiten; make white hpuˉ-ehˍ te ve continue doing, carry on, keep on doing te k'ai ve retaliate, do in return te hk'awꞈ ve to like doing something; do according to intention te gaˇ ve to do something on purpose te gaˇ leh te ve play around; have fun; do for pleasure te guiˇ ve a laughing matter, a joke te guiˇ ve awˬ ceuˬ to cook, make something to eat; earn one's living, do for a living te caˇ ve earn one's living by hill-farming heh te caˇ ve a worker, someone who is earning a living te caˇ paˍ to have ever done, to have done before te jaw ve do as regular, do as usual te jaw te muiˬ go around doing something te toˇ ve go around working kanˉ te toˇ ve keep on as before, do in a permanent way te teh ve be a married couple teˇ ca te daꞈ ve act selfishly te naˉ ve if you want to have a contest of skill... nawˬ cuˇ yiˍ te daꞈ gaˇ k'o... try something out, test something te(-a) nyi ve treat in a certain way; take care of; do for the sake of te piˇ ve do to excess; violate standards of conduct te ponˬ te leuˉ ve finish doing something te peuˬ ve be able to do something; be an expert at something te puiˉ ve an expert te puiˉ jaˇ paˍ to create te hpanˍ ve creator te hpanˍ shehˍ hpaˇ to do habitually, regularly te muiˬ ve as one used to; as before te muiˬ ve hk'e as one usually/regularly does te jaw te muiˬ ve hk'e be hard to do te haˍ ve be very inconvenient te haˍ hpehꞈ haˍ ve make something and keep it te heuˆ ve succeed in making/doing something, be able to do something te g'a ve no one can do anything about it. a shu kaꞈ te maˇ g'a be easy to do, fun to do te sha ve make a mistake, do by mistake, offend someone te yaꞈ ve make something and keep it, invent te yuˬ ve you must invent a bunch of new lahu words! nawˬ hui laˇhuˍ yaˇ awˬ hkawˇ awˬ suhˉ teˇ hpaˍ g'a te yuˬ ve k'oˆ ma to cook te lehꞈ ve don't eat or drink! caˇ ve dawˬ ve taˇ te all one does is (clause) (clause) tiˉ te ve all he does is drink liquor. tzuhˬ dawˬ ve tiˉ te ve do so that (v), try to (v) (v) tuˬ te ve don't try to make other people fail! shu aꞈ luˬ tuˬ taˇ te they're making this boy afraid! yaˇ paˍ chi kawˆ tuˬ te chehˇ k'oˆ ma if you intend to eat it, smell it first. (proverb) caˇ-a tehˬ te k'o nuˬ a nyi i'm trying to take out this thorn. iˉ chuˇ chi yuˬ tawˆ-a (tehˬ) te ve yoˬ therefore; so; then te-awˍ, (hk'e) te k'o since (clause); because (clause) is the case... (clause) te k'o... since there aren't any people (to help) i'm very busy. chaw eˬ maˇ cawˬ te k'o, kanˉ te kiˬ jaˇ causal, suspensive ...te leh... from (n1) to (n2) (n1) te leh (n2) awˍ from the lower village to the upper village awˬ hawˉ teˇ hk'aˆ te leh awˬ na teˇ hk'aˆ awˍ make something and (v) with it te (v) ve make and put in te keu ve make and set down te teh ve make up something and tell it te hto ve to make pure, purify te kehˬ ve make good, improve te daꞈ ve hurt (someone) te naˬ ve to spoil te naˍ ve make (a place) level; treat people equally te hpiˬ ve get rid of something, cause to disappear, wipe out te mehˉ-e ve, te mehˉ piˇ ve spill something te sheˆ ve dry something out te fiˍ ve destroy something te luˬ ve practice; rehearse te jawˬ ve carry something te taˆ ve scold someone te deˇ ve they are scolding him yawˇ htaꞈ te deˇ chehˇ ve pour out light; radiate light awˬ g'euˆ te pfuhˍ ve lead someone away; lead off te shiˍ veu ve to quarrel with one another te yaꞈ daꞈ ve uncle, senior male relative te father's older sister's husband aˉ ku te father's older brother awˬ taˉ te paˍ sigh with weariness, heuˬ te ve one, a, an, the whole, the first, the same teˇ there's still one left. teˇ maˬ k'awꞈ cawˬ shawˍ good hunting! teˇ hk'eh lehˬ g'a piˇ-oˆ mehˍ the first (clf) a lawˉ teˇ (clf) the first one of the sons awˬ yaˇ paˍ a lawˉ teˇ g'aˇ (all) this year; this (whole) year chi teˇ hk'awꞈ all day long today, today all day yaꞈ nyi teˇ nyi to (v) another (clf) teˇ (clf) k'awꞈ (v) the whole (clf) teˇ (clf) hk'a gaˬ the whole (clf), all the (clf); some (clf) or another teˇ (clf) (clf) a woman from some village or another; all the women from some village teˇ hk'aˆ hk'aˆ ve yaˇ miˇ ma somewhere or other teˇ kaˬ kaˬ something or other teˇ ceuˬ ceuˬ the (num)th (clf) (num) (clf) teˇ (clf) the eighth one hiˉ maˬ teˇ maˬ one (clf1) per (clf2) teˇ (clf1) teˇ (clf2) one person at a time teˇ g'aˇ teˇ pawˆ one (clf) after the other teˇ (clf) peuˬ teˇ (clf) one tree after the other suhˆ cehˬ teˇ cehˬ peuˬ teˇ cehˬ the next (clf)ˉˉˉ teˇ (clf) baˬ over in the next (clf)ˉˉˉ oˇ teˇ (clf) baˬ (num) per (clf), (num) apiece teˇ (clf) ve (num) five baht pieces teˇ maˬ ve ngaˇ baꞈ every (clf); whatever (clf) teˇ (clf) le le whenever; always teˇ yanˇ le le the same lineage teˇ hk'aˇ the whole village teˇ hk'aˆ teˇ lawˬ suddenly, all at once teˇ hk'e tiˉ i'm not going anywhere. teˇ kaˬ kaꞈ maˇ k'ai ten million teˇ ku teꞈ a half teˇ keunˍ a piece; a part teˇ hkuˇ baˉ be paralyzed in part of one's body teˇ hkuˇ baˉ suh ve one word, one voice teˇ hkawˇ only one word; a synonym teˇ hkawˇ-ehˍ now, a while, a short time teˇ hkui i'll be here in a moment teˇ hkui gaˬ la yoˬ in a short while; otherwise aˬ mvuhˬ teˇ hkui you'll soon die. otherwise, you'll die. aˬ mvuhˬ teˇ hkui suh-e ve yoˬ at the moment, now chi teˇ hkui in a short while; pretty soon teˇ hkui k'o... then, at that point, when the time came; finally teˇ hkui gaˬ (e) leh... at once, immediately, suddenly teˇ hkui tiˉ often; again and again; frequently teˇ hkui teˇ hkui temporarily, for a short while teˇ hkui teˇ yanˇ (ceh) tiˉ wait a moment! wait a second! teˇ hkui sheˍ (mehˍ) only one word; a whole word teˬ hkawehˇ tiˉ one half (especially units of time) teˇ hkawehˇ an hour and a half teˇ naˍ liˍ hkawehˇ half an hour teˇ hkawehˇ naˍ liˍ together teˇ geh both men and women will go together. yaˇ miˇ k'ehꞈ leh hawˉ hk'aˆ paˍ teˇ geh k'ai tuˬ ve mix (n1) and (n2) together (n1) (n2) teˇ geh hk'awꞈ daꞈ ve one computer hkaw hpi-u teuˇ caꞈ teˇ maˬ work together and the load is light, eat together and the food tastes good. (proverb) teˇ geh te k'o lawˬ, teˇ geh caˇ k'o mehˬ suddenly, abruptly teˇ caw haˉ all around; the whole way around teˇ caw zuhˇ-ehˍ temporarily, for a time, for a couple of weeks teˇ tcuhˉ teˇ yanˇ one thing; one kind of thing teˇ ceuˬ he's a hypocrite. he says one thing and does another. yawˇ teˇ ceuˬ k'oˆ leh teˇ ceuˬ te ve the act of (v) ing, changes (v) to a noun phrase (v) ve teˇ ceuˬ smoking opium fiˍ dawˬ ve teˇ ceuˬ something or other teˇ ceuˬ ceuˬ any kind of teˇ ceuˬ leh teˇ ceuˬ they're not giving out any kind of silver anymore. hpu teˇ ceuˬ leh teˇ ceuˬ kaꞈ maˇ piˇ-oˬ ten teˇ chi eleven teˇ chi teˇ twelve teˇ chi nyiˇ one's whole body teˇ to do half-heartedly, procrastinate about doing, hesitatingly teˇ tawn nehˉ teˇ tawn nehˉ tiˉ te ve early in the morning, crack of dawn (mvuhˇ shawˉ) teˇ naꞈ monday, one day teˇ nyi someday teˇ nyi k'o... every other day teˇ nyi hkanˍ teˇ nyi once the day it will be finished peuˬ ve teˇ nyi k'o day after day teˇ nyi teˇ nyi one day (in past); on a certain day teˇ nyi htaˇ three times in a day teˇ nyi shehˆ pawˆ a temporary dwelling teˇ pa the people staying in a temporary dwelling chaw teˇ pa some, a certain group of teˇ pa some people chaw teˇ pa a few teˇ pa pa i know how to cook these few kinds of food. caˇ tuˬ chi teˇ pa ngaˬ te puiˉ-aˬ one side; one of a pair teˇ paˉ my side (team) won. ngaˬ ve teˇ paˉ g'aˇ ve once, one time; for a while teˇ pawˆ right now; right away; at once teˇ pawˆ-ehˍ to (v) once again; (v) once more teˇ pawˆ k'awꞈ (v) even once; ever teˇ pawˆ-ehˍ kaꞈ to have never (v)ed even once teˇ pawˆ-ehˍ kaꞈ maˇ te jaw since we have never once broken a promise to each other nehˬ haˉ tiˉ k'o kaˍ tiꞈ teˇ pawˆ-ehˍ kaꞈ maˇ luˬ jaw leh... only once teˇ pawˆ ceh tiˉ all together; all of a sudden; only once teˇ pawˆ tiˉ (v1) at the same time as (v2) (v1) ve kaꞈ (v2) ve kaꞈ teˇ pawˆ tiˉ te ve all, a group of (n)s (n) teˇ hpaˍ some (n)s, some of the (n)s (n) teˇ hpaˍ hpaˍ some of the things i want to tell you all ngaˬ nawˬ hui aꞈ hto laˇ gaˇ ve teˇ hpaˍ hpaˍ one side (of a concrete object), one aspect (abstract, idea) teˇ hpawˇ from one point of view, from a certain angle teˇ hpawˇ k'oˆ k'o lehˬ... one hundred teˇ ha a short while, temporarily teˇ mi (tiˉ) be stunned; momentarily dazed teˇ mi moˇ-e ve to sleep, nap for a time teˇ mi zuhꞈ ve people of the same lineage teˇ moˍ teˇ hk'euˇ every other month teˇ ha pa hkanˍ teˇ ha pa ten thousand teˇ meunˍ one night (past)... teˇ haˉ htaˇ no one is (v)ing teˇ g'aˇ kaꞈ maˇ (v) there's no body around in the village right now. hk'aˆ hk'aw awˍ teˇ g'aˇ kaꞈ maˇ chehˇ-oˬ each person (v)s in a different place teˇ g'aˇ teˇ kaꞈ (v) for people to be separated, living apart teˇ g'aˇ teˇ kaꞈ chehˇ ve each person (v)s one (thing) teˇ g'aˇ teˇ maˬ (v) someone or other, anybody teˇ g'aˇ g'aˇ one... the other... teˇ g'aˇ...teˇ g'aˇ when one speaks the other doesn't listen. teˇ g'aˇ hkawˇ teˇ g'aˇ maˇ na one climbs a tree, the other pulls on the back of his knees. (proverb) teˇ g'aˇ suhˆ cehˬ taˆ k'o teˇ g'aˇ hkui mehˉ k'awehꞈ htaꞈ g'awˬ ve to (v) one another teˇ g'aˇ htaꞈ teˇ g'aˇ (v) daꞈ ve everyone teˇ g'aˇ le le a household teˇ g'oꞈ half a day; the first part of the day teˇ sha g'uˇ one hundred thousand, 100,000 teˇ sehnˉ one morning; early in the morning teˇ shawˉ a certain time; (o' clock) (naˍliˍ) teˇ yanˇ when; while teˇ yanˇ htaˇ (k'o) when (clause); when (clause)ing (clause) ve teˇ yanˇ (htaˇ) always teˇ yanˇ le le a single house(hold) teˇ yehˬ tiˉ at a certain distance; a little distance away teˇ vuiˇ lo they say it's one or two stretches away. yaꞈ k'aw teˇ vuiˇ nyiˇ vuiˇ cawˬ ceˇ one million; 1,000,000 teˇ lanˬ to pound, crush, squeeze, wear away by friction teˍ ve pound chili peppers aˉ hpeꞈ teˍ ve rain pours down; be a pounding rain mvuhˇ yeˬ teˍ ve be forced to do something; be painfully obvious that one must do something naˍ k'aˍ pui aꞈ teˍ aˍ ve be forced to do something; be painfully obvious that one must do something oˉ k'oˍ aꞈ teˍ aˍ ve wear away by dripping (erode) jaˆ teˍ ve crush by striking; crush by a blow dawˆ teˍ ve be crushed by a falling object paˍ taˍ ve crush to death teˍ pehˍ ve nudge something (into place) teˍ keu ve nudge something free teˍ hpehˇ ve nudge with an elbow laꞈ ngehˍ co-e teˍ keu ve don't go putting all the blame on me! venˇ baˆ hk'a peuˬ-eˬ ngaˬ awˬ hk'oˆ taˇ teˍ la laˇ sheˍ to jerk, move abruptly teˆ ve have nervous sleep; thrash about in one's sleep zuhꞈ teˆ ve go with little jerky repeated movements teˆ kaꞈ k'ai ve be alive teꞈ ve he is still alive. yawˇ teꞈ chehˇ shawˍ. as a living thing teꞈ teꞈ ve dead or alive suh suh teꞈ teꞈ htawˇ this bandit must be caught dead or alive. chaw haiˬ chi suh suh teꞈ teꞈ htawˇ g'a yuˬ ve at all; in the slightest; anything; nothing teꞈ chiˉ not (v) anything; (v) nothing; not (v) at all teꞈ chiˉ maˇ (v) no good came of it! it didn't do any good! teꞈ chiˉ awˬ bon maˇ tawˆ law there's nothing to be gained by that. teꞈ chiˉ awˬ bon cawˬ tuˬ ve maˇ heˆ not doing anything teꞈ chiˉ maˇ te te leh... he's completely innocent; he didn't do anything wrong. yawˇ teꞈ chiˉ yaꞈ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ nevermind, no problem, it doesn't matter; you're welcome teꞈ chiˉ maˇ heˆ it doesn't matter whether he comes or not. yawˇ laˬ htawˇ maˇ laˬ htawˇ teꞈ chiˉ maˇ heˆ a plain; flat area to this plain is very broad. to chi teˇ kaˬ k'ehˬ jaˇ body, self to the body is dead but the stinger lives. (proverb) to suh viˇ aˇ suh clf for bodies, (for animals - red lahu) to animals, creatures to nuˇ to shaˆ zoo to nuˇ to shaˆ htawnˍ framework of the floor of a house; flooring to hkaˉ to li an animist priest to bo paˍ high priest to bo to htaˇ wife of an animist priest to bo ma red pineapple to meuˇ beam; lateral wooden roof-support toˉ laꞈ example, sample toˉ yaˬ walk along, roam around, go around toˇ ve look for game shaˍ ca toˇ ve go around (v)ing; go along (v)ing; (v) for fun (v) toˇ ve go around foraging/looking for food (animal) k'aˆ toˇ ve go around telling lies heˍ toˇ ve go around crying hawˬ tawˇ ve go visiting around (for pleasure) ca guiˇ toˇ ve go around gawking (without helping out) ca ngawˇ toˇ ve go looking around, go searching (ca) hpfuhˆ toˇ ve gossip, slander, go around spreading gossip ca beu ca lehꞈ toˇ ve go around doing, hang around various places ca te toˇ ve he's always going around acting like that. yawˇ hk'aˬ htaˆ kaꞈ chi hk'e ca te toˇ ve wander around caw toˇ ve walking around with a cane/stick htawˆ toˇ ve carry something around pfuhˇ toˇ ve wander, pass through various places hpanˍ toˇ ve lead along shiˍ toˇ ve a guide shiˍ toˇ paˍ male and female travellers; people on the road toˇ paˍ zuhˬ ma criticize other people shu toˬ shu law ve tie a thread to a bee/wasp and follow it to it's hive pehˇ toˍ ve wing toˍ laꞈ (k'uˉ) chicken's wing g'aˆ toˍ laꞈ wing of a plane caꞈ poˬ toˍ laꞈ k'uˉ table toˆ lay one atop another, stack things up toˆ ve be together but separable, be one on top of the other toˆ daꞈ ve join in marriage laꞈ k'awˍ toˆ ve scoop up water and drink it iˉ kaˆ toˆ dawˬ ve bird's wing ngaˆ ve toˍ laꞈ k'uˉ clf for layers, levels; cohorts, schoolmates, peers toˆ petal (flower) toˆ divide into shares toˆ ve apportion something; divide something up; allocate, assign tasks pehˬ toˆ ve the alveolar ridge; the palate mawꞈ k'aw toˆ loˆ burn, be on fire toꞈ ve that house is on fire. oˇ ve yehˬ aˬ miˍ toꞈ chehˇ ve totally on fire; burn up, burn away hoˆ toꞈ ve to burn well toꞈ daꞈ ve capable of burning all by itself; be spontaneously combustable yawˇ hk'aˇ yawˇ toꞈ puiˉ ve to trap (an animal) teh ve to trap an animal by pitfall paˍ teh ve set a spring-trap biˆ teh ve put, put onto, place, set up, establish teh ve please put a little of it all over. please scatter it around. awˬ k'awꞈ awˬ le teˇ kaˬ a ciˉ a ciˉ teh mehˍ lay the groundwork; establish a basis awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ teh ve dish up rice and serve it awˍ keu teh ve set a top spinning hkawˍ teh ve set tea on the fire laꞈ teh ve assemble, meet in one place (intrasitive verb); put things together in one place (transitive verb) teˇ geh teh ve put back k'awꞈ teh ve classify, sort out gu teh ve lay claim by leaving a visible sign of ownership; reserveˉ veh teh ve leave something in place, leave something behind; set something up permanently teh taˍ ve i'll leave it here for you. nawˬ awˬ pon choˬ kaꞈ teh taˍ tuˬ ve yoˬ within the time allotted, allowed awˬ yanˇ teh taˍ ve awˬ hk'aw lo sell on consignment teh hawˇ ve (v) so something stays put, (v) something and keep for future use (v) teh ve god has made all the things that everybody needs on earth. teˇ g'aˇ le le miˬ guiˬ awˬ hk'oˇ loˍ ve awˬ ceuˬ teˇ hpaˍ g'uiˬ sha te teh taˍ ve yoˬ chop down and leave something htu teh ve sorth things out pehˬ teh leuˆ teh ve create for future use hpanˍ teh (taˍ) ve discard permanently baˬ teh ve write something and leave it bvuhꞈ teh ve separated out (for a purpose) fuiˍ teh taˍ ve raise anchor so k'uˉ lu k'awehꞈ g'awˬ teh ve to fold, to crease teh ve fold up and put away teh keu ve fold paper htawˇ g'euˆ teh ve clf for a fold, layers, folded up things teh space between teh kaˍ the space between the nose and lips meuˇ teh kaˍ the space between the eyes mehˆ teh kaˍ watermelon teh hkaˉ shiˍ toy air gun made of bamboo that shoots paper wads tehˉ paˍ cehˬ lap bosom tehˉ k'awꞈ put a book on one's lap liꞈ htaꞈ tehˉ k'awꞈ teh ve quietly, asleep tehˉ tehˍ (baby talk), tehˉ tehꞈ to sleep; go night-night tehˉ tehˍ te ve (baby talk) sit quietly; sit like a good child tehˉ tehˍ mui ve go nighty-night boˆ boˆ tehˉ tehꞈ te ve telephone (chinese) tehˉ hwaˉ shaft (machine); length of wood tehˇ gums (of the teeth) ciˬ tehˇ take the place of, act as a substitute tehnˇ te ve be true tehˬ ve this is probably not true. chi awˍ maˇ tehˬ hehˉ i don't know whether it's true or not. awˬ tehˬ naˍ maˇ tehˬ naˍ maˇ shiˍ. truly, seriously, really awˬ tehˬ awˬ na the truth, a true thing, a real thing tehˬ emphatic topic set-off (after the subject) (n) tehˬ (as for) this fellow, he's the guy who really bothers me. chi hpaˇ tehˬ lehˬ ngaˬ aꞈ shoꞈ shaꞈ laˇ jaˇ really (v), indeed (v) (v) tehˬ (tehˬ) indeed there are many of them cawˬ tehˬ maˇ ve yoˬ marks the end of a quote tehꞈ he said (clause) (clause) tehꞈ k'oˆ piˇ ve yoˬ marks a clause of intention, purpose (clause) a tehꞈ he has been thinking of building a new house. yehˬ awˬ suhˉ teˇ yehˬ te a tehꞈ dawˇ taˍ ve yoˬ i'm planning to stay. ngaˬ chehˇ a tehˬ te ve yoˬ if you intend to eat, try smelling; if you intend to do, try thinking. (proverb) caˇ a tehꞈ te k'o, nuˬ a nyi, te a tehꞈ te k'o g'a dawˇ nyi ve this is really good. chi daꞈ tehˬ tehˬ yoˬ. he's really not eating. yawˇ caˇ tehˬ tehˬ ve maˇ heˆ. it really did hit him. yawˇ htaꞈ heuˆ tehˬ tehˬ ve yoˬ. measure; calibrate; examine carefully tehˆ ve examine urine, urinalysis tzuhˇ tehˆ ve compare, measure against each other tehˆ daꞈ ve have a contest; have a friendly competition tehˆ enˍ daꞈ ve measure and see tehˆ nyi ve consider; calculate carefully shawˍ nyi tehˆ nyi adjust by twisting suhˉ tehˆ ve set one's watch naˍ liˍ (kaˍ) suhˉ tehˆ ve measuring-string tehˆ tuˬ ve awˬ caˆ intestine awˬ g'uˬ tehˆ testicle nyiˍ u tehˆ scratching sound, crackle, snap sound (of fire) tehˆ tehˆ the fire is still crackling away. aˬ miˍ chi tehˆ tehˆ te chehˇ shawˍ snap the fingers laꞈ naw tehˆ tehˆ te ve i'll give you a good spanking! tehˆ tehˆ te-a< fart, break wind viˇ tehꞈ ve, hk'ehˇ tehꞈ ve short and stubby tehꞈ ve kind of short, stubby banana aˉ pawˇ tehꞈ this tree is quite short. suhˆ cehˬ chi tehꞈ nehˉ nehˉ lehˬ k'ai be stumpy, low and broad (persons or objects) tehꞈ poˆ short and puny tehꞈ buiˉ buiˉ-ehˬ clf for section, length of something tawn stage of a rocket sho dehˍ loˉ ve awˬ tawn a length of string awˬ caˆ teˇ tawn degree; extent taw taw to that extent; so very much oˇ taw taw like this; to this extent hk'e taw taw since it's so very good... hk'e taw taw daꞈ jaˇ ve pa taw... so very (much); as much as this chi taw taw tiˉ (v) vigorously chi taw taw (v) sing so enthusiastically chi taw taw k'a muiˬ ve since it's infected so much, there's no way we can spare amputating it. chi hk'e taw taw behˬ ve pa taw, maˇ tawˆ baˬ maˇ hpehꞈ a passage from a story; a few sentences of a story a ponˍ teˇ tawn nehˉ do half-heartedly teˇ tawn nehˉ teˇ tawn nehˉ tiˉ te ve clf for lengths, passages (of written material) tawn nehˉ give a drink to, give a smoke to taw ve give liquor to drink tzuhˬ taw ve give medicine naˆ tsuhˇ taw ve force someone to drink dawˆ taw ve be a match for, (in)comparable to (maˇ) taw ve i'm no match for your strength. awˬ g'aˇ nawˬ ve ngaˬ maˇ taw sew tawˉ ve do sewing, sew things mawˇ tawˉ ve mend by sewing gu tawˉ ve sew by machine naˆ tawˉ ve affix by sewing, sew onto nehˉ tawˉ ve, tawˉ nehˉ ve a patch nehˉ tawˉ kuiˬ sewing thread (archaic) tawˉ ne with a single thread it has built a nine-room house. what is itˉ a spider. tawˉ ne teˇ ne tiˉ cawˬ ve yehˬ ma k'awˇ kaˍ te aˍ ve, aˬ htoꞈ ma le. a gawˬ liˉ pehˍ embroider; sew on patterns tawˉ bvuhꞈ ve sew shut, sew up tawˉ hoˆ ve a thimble laꞈ naw shu-iˆ tawˉ tuˬ sew stitches as a design tawˉ hawehˍ ve adjective intensifier (adj) tawˉ(-ehˬ) as bitter as gall hk'aˇ tawˉ-ehˬ jet black naˆ tawˉ-ehˬ kind of edible ground mushroom tawˉ teuˇ mvuhˬ kind of poisonous snake tawˉ teuˇ vuiˬ have/get a splitting headache (migraneˉ) oˉ k'oˍ tawˉ-ehˬ k'ai ve aluminum; copper; brass; light metal tawˇ corrugated metal sheeting (for roofing) tawˇ hpu ma= tawˇ phu baˉ words, speech tawˇ (hkawˇ) a few words; a short stretch of speech tawˇ teˇ peuˬ-eˬ prayer language; language with elaborate expressions tawˇ awˬ pa awˬ ma fancy language; word added for euphony tawˇ kaˆ hkawˇ riddle tawˇ kuˇ ask riddles of each other tawˇ kuˇ (kuˇ) daꞈ ve reminisce; talk nostalgically tawˇ kehˇ yaw ve to interrupt (speech) tawˇ hkaꞈ keu ve, tawˇ hkaꞈ yaw ve to translate tawˇ hkawˇ yuˬ tawˆ ve a linguist tawˇ hkawˇ jawˬ hk'aˇ paˍ for words/language to be understandable tawˇ hkawˇ pawnˍ ve have someone's word/promise tawˇ cawˬ taˍ ve sentence tawˇ cawˆ filthy words; vile language tawˇ chaꞈ give a final decision tawˇ cheˆ ve break off relations tawˇ cheˆ daꞈ ve in a whisper tawˇ tcuhˇ-ehˆ be at a loss for words; stutter tawˇ tcuhꞈ ve give advice, consult tawˇ jehˬ ve render a judgement; decide after consultation tawˇ jehˬ cheˆ ve an adviser tawˇ jehˬ paˍ give advice and counsel; discuss something thoroughly tawˇ jehˬ suhˉ jehˬ ve speak irritably; snap at someone tawˇ tzuhˇ ve decide a legal case tawˇ taˆ ve a verdict, a sentence tawˇ taˆ hkawˇ bring a (legal) case against someone tawˇ te ve have a contest of words; debate tawˇ te daꞈ ve tell fortunes, divinate the future tawˇ hteꞈ ve fortune-teller tawˇ hteꞈ ve mawˉ be a man of one's word, keep one's word tawˇ daꞈ ve if you're true to your word... nawˬ tawˇ daꞈ k'o... euphenism; polite expression tawˇ daꞈ hkawˇ quarrel, have words with each other tawˇ deˇ daꞈ ve be deep or hard to understand tawˇ naˉ ve a difficult or profound book; the book of proverbs tawˇ naˉ ve liꞈ celebrant in animist rituals tawˇ naꞈ paˍ be soft-spoken; be gentle of speech tawˇ nuˇ ve gentle words, a polite expression tawˇ nuˇ hkawˇ parable; proverb; figurative expression tawˇ pa haˉ teach a meaningful lesson by using parables tawˇ pa haˉ yehˇ leh tcuhˉ kuiˬ maˍ ve to command; send word, send a message tawˇ piˇ ve talk too much tawˇ peh ve report, (prophecy) hto maˍ ve awˬ lawn send word tawˇ peu ve ask a riddle; speak with hidden meanings tawˇ hpaˉ-e ve a cryptic saying (symbolic sayingˉ) tawˇ faˉ hkawˇ talkative, tattle, tell tales about people tawˇ maˇ ve don't talk so much! tawˇ taˇ maˇ he talks your ear off. yawˇ tawˇ maˇ jaˇ be stubborn tawˇ heh ve speak loudly, roughly, arrogantly tawˇ hehˇ ve don't speak so roughly! tawˇ taˇ hehˇ have a clash of words, a dispute, a debate tawˇ g'awˬ daꞈ ve pleasant words, a nice way of speaking tawˇ sha ve a well-spoken person tawˇ sha paˍ soft and soothing words tawˇ nuˇ shaˉ nuˇ to whisper tawˇ shaˇ (piˇ) ve answer back rudely; give a sharp retort tawˇ shaˬ ve be reliable in one's promises, be a person of one's word tawˇ yeˬ ve to speak, to say (words) tawˇ yaw ve we speak with our mouths. ngaˬ hui mawꞈ k'aw geh tawˇ yaw ve talk nonsense, rave senselessly tawˇ yaw tcuhˉ kuiˬ maˇ cawˇ have a talk; chat; converse tawˇ yaw daꞈ ve be fluent; articulate; glib; quick-tongued tawˇ yaw puiˉ ve the discussion is ended; the matter is all settled. tawˇ yaw peuˬ-e ve be at a loss for words; studder; stammer tawˇ yaw maˇ tawˆ ask riddles tawˇ faˉ-e daꞈ ve flowery speech; figurative speech tawˇ veˆ to remember tawnˇ ve do not remember him! yawˇ aꞈ taˇ tawnˇ piˇ< keep in mind, remember well tawnˇ taˍ ve notebook, notes tawnˇ taˍ tuˬ ve liꞈ k'oˆ, dawˇ nawˇ ve liꞈ remember words, remember what was said tawˇ tawnˇ ve recite (from memory something one has read) tawnˇ g'aw ve remember well; memorize tawnˇ yuˬ ve words which are to be carefully remembered tawnˇ yuˬ tuˬ ve tawˇ hkawˇ pistol; revolver naˆ tawehˇ stump of an arm laꞈ tawehˇ this dog has a stumpy tail. hpuiˇ chi ve mehˍ tawˇ nehꞈ cawˬ ve eunuch, castrated person chaw (awˬ) tawnˇ a childless couple; a couple with few children chaw tiˬ chaw tawnˇ small of the back, base of spine tawˬ lower-back ache tawˬ naˬ ve break one's back tawˬ hteh ve sprain the lower back tawˬ lo ve uneven, not level maˇ tawˬ level ground; a plain miˬ tawˬ equally good (red lahu) daꞈ tawˬ hk'a shuˍ equally; everyone the same pehˬ tawˬ laꞈ tawˬ ve river bottom, riverbed iˉ kaˆ tawˬ level with; parallel; four-square; evenly; blunted tawˬ-ehˬ the knife has a blunt tip. aˉ htaw chi teˇ maˬ oˉ k'oˍ tawˬ-ehˬ ve yoˬ. turtle taoˬ (k'uˉ) field turtle taoˬ pawˇ ahka tawˬ kaw an ahka man tawˬ kaw paˍ an ahka woman tawˬ kaw ma a step, a rung, in steps tawˬ tawˬ nawˆ try climbing up over there where there are steps. oˇ awˍ tawˬ tawˬ nawˆ cawˬ kuiˬ nawˬ taˆ a nyi. dam up, block up, hinder, intercept tawˍ ve a termite can't block the way of an elephant (proverb) puˇ g'uˇ haw tawˍ aˇ g'aˇ make a weir; rechannel a stream by damming iˉ kaˆ tawˍ ve diverted water iˉ kaˆ tawˍ aˍ ve haggle over a price, bargain tenaciously awˬ hpfuhˇ tawˍ daꞈ ve wean from the breast cuˉ tawˍ ve block the way, block someone's way yaꞈ k'aw tawˍ ve don't block other people's way. shu yaꞈ k'aw taˇ tawˍ construct a dam; block off by a dam faiˉ tawˍ ve obstructed tawˍ tcuhˇ taˍ ve blocked, repressed tawˍ taˍ nyiˉ taˍ ve parentheses awˬ hkawˇ aꞈ tawnˍ tuˬ ve awˬ heˆ a country divided into two parts nyiˇ hkuˇ baˉ tawˍ aˍ ve mvuhˇ miˬ partition off a room with a curtain hpa yuˬ leh awˬ bawehˇ tawˍ ve be divided off from one another; be set in opposition to each other tawˍ daꞈ ve be face to face mehˆ hpfuhˇ tawˍ daꞈ ve be back to back hk'awꞈ nawˉ hpfuhˆ tawˍ daꞈ ve be front to front awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ hpfuhˆ tawˍ daꞈ ve break off opium habit yaˍ finˍ tawˍ ve banish (as evil spirit); divert from causing harm tawˍ baˬ ve be evident, obvious, revealed, manifest tawˍ ve all of one's activities (lit., footprints/handprints) hkui tawˍ laꞈ tawˍ wheel-tracks are visible; there are tire-tracks pu-e hk'aˇ tawˍ ve there are (the tracks of) a wild boar! heh vaꞈ tawˍ-a a full moon ha pa tawˍ obviously; clearly; evidently tawˍ-ehˬ see something clearly hk'a tawˍ ehˬ mawˬ ve be visible from among a group, stick out from the rest tawˍ lehˆ ve to thunder (mvuhˇ tawˍ) tawˍ ve be contagious tawˍ tcuhˉ ve, tawˍ caˉ ve this disease is beginning to spread a naˬ chi tawˍ tcuhˉ k'ai la ve butt of a gun; rifle-butt tawˍ shuˍ emerge from, go out, come out; erupt, break out tawˆ ve water comes out iˉ kaˆ tawˆ ve for good to come out of something, good fruitage awˬ bon tawˆ ve come down with a rash awˬ shiˍ tawˆ ve set off for work; go out to work kanˉ tawˆ te ve vouch for someone's release, post bond for release hkanˍ tawˆ ve the sun rises; the sun comes out mvuhˇ nyi tawˆ ve the sun comes out strongly mvuhˇ nyi tawˆ hehnˇ ve the east mvuhˇ nyi tawˆ hpawˇ come out too fast (as a child born prematurely) hawˆ tawˆ ve bleed (blood emerges) suhˍ tawˆ ve cause to emerge; pull out, take out te tawˆ ve promulgate; promote; put forth (plan, idea) te tawˆ ve go out of; come from, derived from tawˆ-e ve has he left the house alreadyˉ aˉ hk'aw tawˆ-e oˬ laˇ get off the bus lawˍliˍ hk'aw tawˆ-e ve this word comes from shan. awˬ hkawˇ chi piˇ chawˇ hkawˇ tawˆ-e ve leave; set out; go out tawˆ k'ai ve keep going in and out tawˆ tawˆ loꞈ loꞈ te ve the thing that has emerged tawˆ g'a teˇ ceuˬ come out, appear suddenly, occur, arise tawˆ la ve that kind of mushroom grows out of the ground. mvuhˬ oˇ teˇ ceuˬ miˬ guiˬ aꞈ tawˆ la ve an outlet, a source tawˆ la kuiˬ to (v) outwards, to (v) out (v) tawˆ ve explain, interpret, translate k'awˍ tawˆ ve lift out from chiˇ tawˆ ve rescue, save, redeem htaiˍ tawˆ ve drive out, dismiss, fire someone g'aꞈ tawˆ ve exhale shaˉ hpehˇ tawˆ ve cut (with knife), cut with a blow, hack at tawˆ ve cut with a knife aˉ hteꞈ tawˆ ve cut with a machete aˉ htaw tawˆ ve behead, decapitate oˉ k'oˍ tawˆ ve change money, break a note, exchange old coins for modern money hpu tawˆ ve cut through partially tawˆ k'aˉ ve cut off; cut through completely tawˆ cheˆ ve support; prop up tawˆ ve prop something firmly against something else tawˆ tcuhˉ ve jam up by propping tawˆ tiˍ ve prop each other up tawˆ daꞈ ve clf for sections, series of doors, military camps tawˆ the soldiers are deployed in two camps. maꞈ yaˇ taꞈ nyiˇ tawˆ shawˍ-aˍ ve a swing (red lahu) tawˆ oˍ deu i'm going to make a swing for my little girl. ngaˬ yaˇ miˇ awˬ pon tawˆ oˍ deu teˇ maˬ te a shaˍ play on a swing tawˆ oˍ deu te guiˇ ve the large gecko tawˆ k'ehˍ vampire (red lahu) tawꞈ be poisonous, be poisoned, intoxicated tawꞈ ve poisonous tawꞈ puiˉ ve poisonous mushroom tawꞈ puiˉ ve mvuhˬ to poison someone tawꞈ piˇ ve die of poison tawꞈ suh ve be revolted by thought of eating; be unable to stand food tawꞈ naˬ ve i'm sick of going on this road. yaꞈ k'aw chi teˇ caˆ tawꞈ naˬ ve a poison naꞈ tsuhˇ tawꞈ give poison to drink naꞈ tsuhˇ tawꞈ taw ve a scorpion (poisonous crab) aˉ ceˬ gu tawꞈ ma a poison awˬ tawꞈ ma to flee (in fright) tuiˬ ve they fled in fright yawˇ hui kawˆ jaˇ leh tuiˬ ve run away in fright; flee in terror tuiˬ hpaw-e ve don't run away, we're not dangerous people. taˇ tuiˬ hpaw, ngaˬ hui chaw haiˬ maˇ heˆ reach the limit; be at the end of one's rope, unable to act further tuiꞈ ve reach the limits of one's growth, as big as it will get uiˍ tuiꞈ ve have said everything to be said (but can't convince someone) k'oˆ tuiꞈ yaw tuiꞈ ve be at one's wits' end dawˇ tuiꞈ ve i'm stumped! dawˇ tuiꞈ-e ve yoˬ. be exhausted; expended all one's energy g'aˇ tuiꞈ ve in a hopeless situation; at the end of one's rope tuiꞈ kuiˉ-e animal is at bay, (trapped) shaˍ tuiꞈ ve look forward to, crave something teuˇ ve crave something to eat teuˇ caˇ ve wish for something to drink/smoke teuˇ dawˬ ve tears overflow mehˆ g'uiˬ teunˇ ve a deep place in a river g'uiˬ teunˇ the snow had fallen thickly on the trees. vaˇ meu-e suhˆ hawˆ hk'oˇ htaꞈ k'a teunˇ taˍ ve really (v or adj) (v or adj) taiˍ it's really delicious! mehˬ taiˍ yoˬ, mehˬ suh-e la yoˬ eternal taiˍ sound of a gun (bang!) tawnˍ tawnˍ place where a waterfall jumps off from rocks g'uiˬ ce tawehˆ kuiˬ strike with the flat of the hand, slap, swat, clap hta ve slap a ball (as in volleyball) bawˆ shiˍ hta ve clap one's hands laꞈ sheh hta ve hammer hta tu to hammer hta tu dawˆ ve slap to death; kill with a sharp blow hta pehˍ ve pat, stroke, pet (an animal) hta shoˆ piˇ ve fly flutteringly hta poˬ ve a butterfly fluttered by. puˬ luˉ k'aˍ teˇ maˬ hta poˬ k'ai ve do work for hire; work for someone else; work fixed hours hta ve, htaˇ ve not work for hire, not work for anyone else kanˉ maˇ hta work for someone else, work for hire hta ngaˇ ve hired worker, hired laborer hta ngaˇ paˍ split-bamboo slats hta hpiˇ to register hta bi-an te ve strum with the fingers; tap gently on htaˇ ve strum the jewsharp aˉ htaˇ htaˇ ve piano, accordion, keyboard instrument htaˇ po piano key htaˇ po ve awˬ ha bvuhˬ puiˉ ve feel one's way; grope htaˇ shoˆ ve, htaˇ k'ai ve come/arrive by feeling one's way htaˇ laˬ ve cock (certain weapons), set in position for firing htaˇ ve care about; attach importance to; respect; love htanˇ ve can't abide, can't tolerate, can't stand the site of, have no respect for maˇ htanˇ be in harmony with each other; get along htanˇ daꞈ ve tigers have no respect for horses. iˉ mvuhˇ aꞈ laˇ maˇ htanˇ if you don't truly care for me... nawˬ maˇ htanˇ laˇ k'o work full time at something; work in a permanent position htaˇ kaˆ ve temporal particle, when htaˇ at the end of his life yawˇ ve a shaꞈ awˬ leh meuˇ htaˇ a few minutes ago, in the very recent past aˬ sheh htaˇ a very long time ago, once upon a time aˬ sho-eˬ htaˇ that time; those days oˇ htaˇ that was the very time (it happened) oˇ htaˇ yoˬ when that time comes... oˇ htaˇ gaˬ k'o previously, in the past awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ htaˇ this morning chi mvuhˇ shawˉ naꞈ htaˇ once, some time ago teˇ pawˆ htaˇ when (v); during the time that (v) (v) teˇ yanˇ htaˇ a few moments ago yaꞈ sheh htaˇ when (v); during the time that (v) (v) teˇ yanˇ htaˇ when they were fighting the great war life was very hard. shu maꞈ lonˉ bawˆ ve teˇ yanˇ htaˇ chehˇ haˍ jaˇ ve yoˬ when he got home his wife wasn't there. yawˇ aˉ hk'aw k'oꞈ-e htaˇ awˬ miˇ ma maˇ cawˬ. a few days ago ponˬ la htaˇ before (v)ing maˇ (v) sheˍ htaˇ before it gets dark mvuhˇ maˇ hpeuꞈ sheˍ htaˇ only when (v) (v) htaˇ hehˍ do you remember the time he ran awayˉ yawˇ hpaw-e htaˇ htaꞈ nawˬ dawˇ nawˇ laˇ when the time to die arrives suh-e htaˇ gaˬ k'o until (v); up to the time that (v) (v) htaˇ hk'a gaˬ up until the time he comes back yawˇ k'awꞈ la htaˇ hk'a gaˬ it's time to (v) (v) htaˇ yoˬ wooden boards htaˇ baˉ protect from, shield from, block off from, dodge htanˍ ve block something off so water won't get out iˉ kaˆ maˇ tawˆ tuˬ htanˍ ve shield oneself from the wind mvuhˇ haw laˬ htaˇ maˇ heuˆ tuˬ htanˍ ve a shield; something used for protection htanˍ tuˬ chest-protector; breastplate myi ma pui htanˍ tuˬ shelf for food and dishes htaˬ pehˬ be suspicious of someone; suspect something htanˍ ve i suspect that this fellow took my gourdflute. chi hpaˇ ngaˬ ve nawˍ yuˬ ve tehˬ ngaˬ htanˍ ve be sharp; keen htaˆ ve sharpen a knife blade aˉ htaw viˇ htaˆ tuˬ te ve make a sharp sound; for a sound to be piercing awˬ hkawˇ htaˆ ve have sharp ears; have keen hearing naˍ paw htaˆ ve, kaˇ puiˉ jaˇ all kinds of food caˇ lu caˇ htaˆ to affix, drive into place, fasten by piercing htaꞈ ve be pierced by a thorn iˉ chuˇ htaꞈ ve be stung by a bee/wasp pehˇ awˬ viˇ htaꞈ ve fasten with a nail sho cuˇ htaꞈ ve crucify; fasten to a cross laꞈ ka hk'oˇ lo htaꞈ keu ve kill someone by affixation (crucifixion) htaꞈ pehˍ ve have stabbing pains htaꞈ naˬ juˆ naˬ ve cross two objects and fasten them pehˉ htaꞈ ve upper side; top surface htaꞈ instep; upperside of foot hkui taw k'aw htaꞈ back of the hand laꞈ taw k'aw htaꞈ hpawˇ accusative/dative particle (identifies object), accusative of time htaꞈ give me that book. liꞈ chi ngaˬ htaꞈ piˇ-a (adj)er than (n), more (adj) than (n) (n) htaꞈ a ciˉ (adj) he's fatter than the headman. yawˇ hk'aˆ sheh htaꞈ a ciˉ chu ve in which month will he come backˉ yawˇ k'awꞈ la ve ha pa hk'aˬ ve htaꞈ le i hope that he comes back. yawˇ k'awꞈ la ve htaꞈ ngaˬ dawˇ law ve yoˬ. radiate upon; shine upon hti ve the sun shines down mvuhˇ nyi hti ve for light to reach someplace hti gaˬ ve shine upon; radiate, reflect light hti ba ve strike as with a beam of light hti heuˆ ve come shining in hti loꞈ la ve to feast; have a celebration; have a party hti ve to eat and drink together; feast together hti caˇ ve share with one another pehˬ daꞈ hti daꞈ ve to be dawn, daybreak htiˇ ve dawn breaks mvuhˇ htiˇ (la) ve one's footing hkui htiˇ stumble; lose one's footing hkui htiˇ hteˆ ve trip and fall hkui htiˇ hteˆ heuˆ leh paiˍ ve stumbling block; source of trouble; a problem hkui htiˇ ponˬ tuˬ i don't see that there'll be any problems. hkui htiˇ ponˬ tuˬ maˇ mawˬ strike against; bump into htinˬ ve number (thai) htiˬ number one; the best (thai) htiˬ nuiˬ storage rack at side of house; shelf; altar htinˍ i'll put this cooked rice on the second shelf. awˍ chi nyiˇ htinˍ teˇ htinˍ teh-a shaˍ bump into; knock against; strike htinˍ ve lahu dance k'aˍ htinˍ ve give someone/something a kick hkui sheh teˇ hk'e htinˍ ve be wrapped; wrap and tie up, make a bundle of htiˆ ve wrap a baby in a swaddling cloth yaˇ htiˆ ve wrap something (in a leaf) and steam it to eat htiˆ shaˉ caˇ ve clf for something wrapped htiˆ a packet of cooked rice awˍ htiˆ a package of candy naꞈ wehˍ shiˍ teˇ htiˆ a wordy dispute; a long-winded quarrel tawˇ htiˆ shaˉ htiˆ cabbage g'awˇ caˉ htiˆ packets of meat and fish shaˍ htiˆ ngaˇ htiˆ chop down, clear one's land htu ve harvest bananas; chop down bananas aˉ pawˇ k'u htu-e ve chop down a tree/trees suhˆ htu ve clear a swidden; feel trees in an area before burning it heh htu ve be thick; be blunt htu ve blade is blunt awˬ viˇ htu ve this blade is no good, it's blunt. awˬ viˇ chi maˇ cheuˬ htu-aˬ be disobedient; stubborn naˍ paw htu ve lime (chewed with betel, used as white wash) htunˉ smear with lime htunˉ shehˍ ve cement; concrete; plaster htunˉ saˍmehˇ clf for bags, sacks htuˉ a bag; a sack htuˉ pui leather bag; hide bag sha guiˬ htunˉ pui sack-cloth, sackcloth htuˉ pui hpa the side or direction where the head is uˉ htuˉ puiˍ flag (thai) htunˇ hang up a banner htunˇ hpehˇ ve be in a state of sexual desire htuˇ ve be awkward, clumsy htuˇ haˆ ve pricked up; erect htuˇ-ehˬ an erect tail mehˍ htuˇ-ehˬ ve bean; pea; legume htuˬ chickenpox g'aˆ hte be straight, upright, true hteˇ ve become straight hteˇ la ve straighten something; make something straight hteˇ la tcuh ve improper; illegal; immoral maˇ hteˇ maˇ cawˇ the right side (of a quarrel, controversy) hteˇ hpawˇ cawˇ hpawˇ to rectify (a situation) k'awꞈ gu hteˇ piˇ ve be on the right side; be in the right hteˇ hpawˇ cawˇ hpawˇ chehˇ ve straight part of a river g'uiˬ hteˇ straightly, directly, truly or literally (of meanings) hteˇ-ehˬ speak frankly, speak literally hteˇ-ehˬ k'oˆ ve don't lie, say it straight. taˇ heˍ, hteˇ-ehˬ k'oˆ be standing straight up; be vertical hteˇ-ehˬ cawˍ ve extract the literal meaning tcuhˉ kuiˬ hteˇ-ehˬ yuˬ tawˆ ve straight(en out from a bent condition) hteˇ kaꞈ (k'ai) ve tape (of a tape-recorder) hteˆ tape-recorder hteˆ caꞈ, awˬ hkawˇ keu tuˬ ve to kick (with foot); flick (with finger) hteˆ ve kick a ball; play football bawˉ shiˍ hteˆ ve a football; a ball for kicking hteˆ tuˬ ve bawˆ shiˍ kick with a foot hkui hteˆ ve stumble; be tripped up hkui htiˇ hteˆ ve a spring (as in a watch) sa hpinˇ hteˆ tuˬ ve flick a finger laꞈ naw teˇ hk'e hteˆ ve kick each other; kick-box each other hteˆ daꞈ ve kick to death hteˆ pehˍ ve kick off (as a blanket) hteˆ baˬ ve kick up against something; trip over something hteˆ heuˆ ve stub one's toe hkui naw hteˆ heuˆ ve bouncing up pawˆ hteˆ ve keep bouncing up (as something in the water) pawˆ hteˆ pawˆ hteˆ te ve pluck; strum hteˆ ve adjusting fingers to strum a certain chord laꞈ naw pa hteˆ ve scrape, scrape off hteꞈ ve start a fire by friction aˬ miˍ hteꞈ ve strike flint; start a fire with a flint stone miˉ jawꞈ hteꞈ ve shave away; shave off and discard hteꞈ baˬ ve tell fortunes; predict the future (animist) hteꞈ ve, tawˇ hteˆ ve fortune-teller tawˇ hteˆ paˍ, tawˇ hteˆ mawˉ looks into the future; tell fortunes hteꞈ nyi ve fortune-teller; seer hteꞈ nyi paˍ tell, report hto ve report to; go and tell ca hto ve explain/inform officially k'awˍ piˇ hto piˇ ve inform someone hto piˇ maˍ piˇ ve to explain hto maˍ ve admit; confess hto pawnˍ ve tell hto laˇ ve, hto piˇ ve television (thai) hto la htaˆ telephone (thai) tho la saˆ flagpole htuˇ cehˬ plant a flagpole htuˇ cehˬ ti ve ritual flag (white or yellow on a bamboo pole) htuˇ paˍ sign a document; sign one's name to something laꞈ maꞈ htoˇ ve even; also htoˇ (or htawˇ) shows impatience, disagreement htooˇ all right, all right, i'm doing the best i can! htooˇ g'aˇ hteꞈ ve yoˬ. hey, lay off each other! htooˇ hpehˇ daꞈ-oˬ to flood (iˉ kaˆ) htonˍ ve reach the limit of one's growth uiˍ htonˍ ve put on another top garment; put a shirt on top of another htoˆ deh ve layers of clothing; plenty to wear veuꞈ htoˆ k'aˇ htoˆ clf for layers htoˆ they dressed him up with still another layer on top. awˬ hk'oˆ htaꞈ teˇ htoˆ k'awꞈ deh piˇ ve yoˬ meet, encounter htoꞈ ve meet someone; pass someone (on the road, etc.) htoꞈ daꞈ ve allow him to meet with happiness! nyi ma sha tuˬ htoꞈ piˇ g'a piˇ mehˍ everything; anything htoꞈ ma htawˇ have no value lehꞈ htoꞈ maˇ cawˬ break; get broken hteh ve be careful, it'll break. sa tiꞈ piˇ mehˍ, hteh law a bone breaks awˬ muꞈ kaˉ ku hteh la ve you're liable to break a bone, watch out! awˬ muꞈ kaˉ ku hteh puiˉ aˬ, hk'a dehꞈ nyi< break apart; break cleanly off hteh cheˆ ve break by bending (as a stick) awnˉ hteh ve does not break (by bending) awnˉ maˇ hteh have a broken leg; be lame hkui hteh ve break one' back tawˬ hteh ve break by striking dawˆ hteh ve clf for log, hunk of wood hteh log of wood suhˆ hteh befuddled; dazed; unable to understand what is going on maˇ nawˇ maˇ hteh be dizzy; have one's head spin oˉ k'oˍ maˇ nawˇ maˇ hteh hpehꞈ k'ai clf for a length of something (log, cylindrical object) hteh tawˇ skirt, sarong hteh du one sarong hteh du teˇ hk'awˆ tuck in a sarong hteh du choˆ ve put on a skirt; wear a skirt hteh du veuꞈ ve cloth hammock for a baby; cradle made from a sarong hteh du oˍ hem of a skirt hteh du hkui meuˇ typhoid htehˉfawehˆ make a loop htehˇ ve add to; put in more; fill a lack htehˍ ve add a little extra awˍ leuˉ htehˍ piˇ ve add more money; make up the difference in money hpu htehˍ ve add more to something k'awꞈ htehˍ piˇ ve please add another ten baht. teˇ chi baꞈ k'awꞈ piˇ htehˍ mehˍ add one more cord to it! teˇ caˆ k'awꞈ htehˍ hpeh mehˍ for lightning to flash, to strike (of lightning) htehˆ ve the lightning might strike somebody. chaw aꞈ htehˆ puiˉ-aˬ it lightens; lightning flashes mvuhˇ htehˆ ve be struck by lightning mvuhˇ htehˆ heuˆ ve be killed by lightning htehˆ pehˍ ve tractor htehˆ kaˇ burmese rupee; kyat htehꞈ prepare a trap or weapon for use htaw ve set a granade to go off by pulling the pin aˬ miˍ shiˍ htaw ve set a baited line for fish ngaˇ htaw ve set a bird trap ngaˆ htaw ve trap birds with a net ngaˆ pehˍ htaw ve set a weapon htaw chiˇ ve pierce; bore through; make a hole in htaw ve pierce a hole in awˬ hk'aw htaw (keu) ve pierce the nose; have complete control of someone naˍ hk'awˇ htaw ve pierce the ears naˍ paw htaw ve have a hole htaw k'oˍ ve to be urgent; to be hindered htaw ve have necessary work to do kanˉ htaw ve essential work htaw kuiˬ kanˉ a hindrance; a snag; a preoccupation htaw kuiˬ k'aˉ kuiˬ square the end of htaw ve square off the end of a stick aˉ taˬ meuˇ tawˍ-ehˬ te ve for the jaw to be dislocated paˇ kaˇ htaw keu-e ve skillful, clever htaw ve be clever at working; be handy kanˉ te htaw ve hang up the phone hto law saˆ k'awꞈ teh ve the phone rings hto law saˆ kuˬ laˇ ve make a phone call hto law saˆ dawˆ piˇ ve telephone number hto law saˆ nanˍ baꞈ speak on the telephone hto law saˆ yaw ve answer the phone hto law saˆ yaw hk'awꞈ ve telephone receiver hto law saˆ yaw tuˬ ve touch htawˇ ve feel something htawˇ nyi ve touch with the hand laꞈ sheh htawˇ ve pine tree htawˇ black pine htawˇ naˆ k'aˍ white pine htawˇ hpu needle of white pine htawˇ hpu mvuh custard apple htawˇ meuˇ shiˍ lucky pine tree (used at new year's celebrations) htawˇ sha pine needle htawˇ sha hpaꞈ great slaty woodpecker htawˇ k'oˍ loˇ red-ringed parakeet htawˇ ngaˆ ma kind of very small owl htawˇ po lawey kind of pheasant with red spots on feathers htawˇ shawˍ also (n); even (n) (n) htawˇ i want to go too; even i want to go. ngaˬ htawˇ k'ai gaˇ ve yoˬ even if (v); even though (v) (v) htawˇ (k'awꞈ) even if he goes, i don't want to go. yawˇ k'ai htawˇ ngaˬ maˇ k'ai gaˇ no matter how we do it or how much we spend, the government people will help us. hk'aˬ ma peuˬ hk'aˬ hk'e te htawˇ k'awꞈ shu a cuˉ yaꞈ ga laˇ ve yoˬ. abundantly; thickly; crowded together; close-grown (of hair) htawˇ-ehˬ even though the leaves are a bit thick, you can see a little bit. suhˆ hpaꞈ htawˇ-ehˬ ve htawˇ a ciˉ ciˉ mawˬ hpehꞈ-aw (v) to and fro; (v) back and forth htawˇ (v) nawˬ (v) keep changing one's mind, hesitant, reluctant to make a decision nyi ma htawˇ dawˇ nawˬ dawˇ k'ai ve turn one's head from side to side oˉ k'oˍ aꞈ htawˇ hpuˆ nawˬ hpuˆ te ve butter (bur) htawˇbaꞈ paper htawˇ g'euˆ one piece of paper htawˇ g'euˆ teˇ k'oˆ cardboard box htawˇ g'euˆ po k'oˍ paper money htawˇ g'euˆ hpu bean, pea; legume htawˬ groundnut; peanut htawˬ diˬ, miˬ nawˆ what htawˬ-a whyˉ htawˬ-a te leh... written letter (chin) htawˬ mehˆ digging tool htawˍ dibble with a dibbling-stick htawˍ beˆ ve mattock; trowel-like digging tool with curved handle htawˍ k'awehꞈ prison, jail htawnˍ (to sit) in jail, in prison htawnˍ hk'aw (mui ve) prisoner, inmate htawnˬ yaˇ bank ("money prison") hpu htawnˍ zoo to nu to shaˆ htawnˍ direct one's view to, aim at, focus on htawˍ ve have/take an x-ray ehˆ leu leˇ htawˍ ve take a photo; snap a picture awˬ han htawˍ ve let's go take some pictures, okayˉ awˬ han ca htawˍ yuˬ aˍ leˇ telescope maꞈ htawˍ lonˉ to hook; to peck at; to bite (as a snake) htawˆ ve the deck pecked the boy. a pehˬ yaˇ paˍ htaꞈ htawˆ piˇ ve peck/hook a hole in something awˬ hk'aw htawˆ ve scoop out a boat from a log haw loꞈ k'oˍ htawˆ ve chickens peck at each other g'aˆ htawˆ daꞈ ve carve wood suhˆ htawˆ ve knock on a door yehˬ miˉ htaꞈ htawˆ ve common squirrel (pecking rodent) faˆ htawˆ a snake bites vuiˬ htawˆ ve if that kind of snake bites you, you will die. vuiˬ oˇ teˇ ceuˬ htawˆ laˇ k'o nawˬ suh tuˬ yoˬ knock on a door with one's fists laꞈ tsuhˆ pui yuˬ leh yehˬ miˉ htawˆ ve tap one's fingers idly laꞈ naw (aꞈ) htawˆ guiˇ ve to type ("peck at a typewriter") liꞈ bvuhꞈ caꞈ htawˆ ve walk on stilts mvuhˇ kuiˉ htawˆ ciˇ ve an object for hooking onto; a hook; a claw htawˆ tuˬ walk with a cane or stick htawˆ toˇ ve fasten a yoke to carry k'aˉ le htawˆ pfuhˍ ve catch on something; hook onto something; become entangled with a curved object htawˆ heuˆ ve hook a fish ngaˇ htawˆ heuˆ ve open (an umbrella) (cawnˍ) htawꞈ ve wear glasses (red lahu) maꞈ taˉ htawꞈ ve worship, believe htuiˉ ve observe a custom awˬ liˇ htuiˉ ve kinsmen ought to respect each other properly. awˬ viˉ awˬ nyi hk'a dehꞈ htuiˉ daꞈ cawˇ ve yoˬ term, semester (in school) hteu an emergency; dire straights hteuˉ ti this is an emergency. hteuˉ ti yoˬ. he always carries around money to use in an emergency. hteuˉ ti htaˇ yehˇ tuˬ ve hpu htaꞈ yawˇ hk'aˬ htaˆ kaꞈ pfuhˇ faˬ ve be mentally dull; dim-witted cuˇ yiˍ hteuˇ ve forest; wild plant or animal hteunˍ if it's something wild, people haven't planted it. awˬ hteunˍ k'o, lehˬ chaw ti aˍ ve maˇ heˆ to plow htaiˉ ve grade a road, level out a road yaꞈ k'aw htaiˉ baˬ ve level out land miˬ guiˬ htaiˉ baˬ ve central thai, thailand htaiˇ rescue, save, ransom; redeem, deliver htaiˍ ve save (3rd person object) htaiˍ piˇ ve to ransom, redeem htaiˍ hk'awꞈ ve redeemer; the savior htaiˍ hk'awꞈ paˍ save from; win release from htaiˍ tawˆ ve the headman paid some money and got the guy out of jail. hk'aˆ sheh hpu piˇ leh chi hpaˇ htaꞈ htawˍ hk'aw htaiˍ tawˆ piˇ ve change something (clothes); change, become different htaiˍ ve change one's shirt aˉ poꞈ k'awꞈ htaiˍ ve shed skin (as a snake) awˬ guiˬ k'uˉ htaiˍ ve jesus' compassion can never change. yeˍsuˆ haꞈ k'aˉ ve teˇ pawˆ kaꞈ maˇ htaiˍ puiˉ change; undergo alterations pa ve htaiˍ ve change and decay; change for the worse; degenerate hpuiˇ ve htaiˍ ve layer; level; story (of a building); grade (in school); shelf htaiˍ upstairs awˬ hk'oˆ teˇ htaiˍ bookshelf liꞈ htaiˍ taiwan htaiꞈwan be in working order; be operative htaoˍ ve this old tractor still works. caꞈ tawˍ awˬ piˍ chi htawˍ chehˇ shawˍ old, venerable htaoˍ ve old man (respectful) paw htawˍ old woman (respectful) meh htawˍ clf for rows, lines (shan) htehwˉ scrape or rub with an instrument htwiˍ ve fern daˬ a fern that grows in the hills hk'aw daˬ water fern (grows on river banks) daˬ k'aˉ lu fern (in general) daˬ ka cehˬ liverwort haˉ pui daˬ ka tree-fern daˬ cehˬ black barking-deer daˬ chui-eh comic inventiveness; sense of humor daˬ ve be a clown; be a funny person daˬ uiˍ ve, daˬ hk'o uiˍ ve joking; foolery; horseplay daˬ hk'o a comic; a jokester; a clown daˬ hk'o uiˍ paˍ tell jokes; fool around daˬ hk'o te ve tell a funny story; tell a good joke daˬ hko hpehˇ ve punishment danˍ punish; give a punishment danˍ piˇ ve be/get punished danˍ g'a ve receive a serious punishment danˍ lonˉ g'a ve checkpoint danˍ pass a checkpoint danˍ hpanˍ ve be callused daˍ ve get callused daˍ-e ve a callus on the foot hkui sheh daˍ kuiˬ a callus on the hand laꞈ sheh daˍ kuiˬ have a callus awˬ daˍ nawꞈ ve post, shaft daˍ crossbar of rice-pounder cheh keu daˍ element; essential force of nature; electricity daˆ electricity mvuhˇ htehˆ daˆ electrical wire daˆ caˆ flashlight; electricity daˆ miˉ flashlight battery daˆ miˉ shiˍ electric light daˆ geuˆ light bulb; flashlight battery daˆ shiˍ filament of a light bulb daˆ shiˍ caˆ be good; favorable; suspicious, lucky; fresh, pure; pretty; nice, fine, excellent daꞈ ve okay; all right; fine daꞈ-aꞈ good luck! may things go well! (red lahu) daꞈ-e yoˬ excellent; very good daꞈ tcuhˬ-aˬ very good; excellent daꞈ jaˇ it's the best! daꞈ ve shuˉ-iˆ yoˬ be pretty; have a pleasing appearance awˬ ngaˇ daꞈ ve it's not bad; it's pretty good. daꞈ lehˬ daꞈ aˬ law bad, not good, ugly maˇ daꞈ evil, wicked maˇ daꞈ maˇ na die an evil death (as in an accident) suh maˇ daꞈ fourth toe (lucky toe) hkui naw daꞈ good day; lucky day; auspicous day nyi daꞈ fourth finger; ring finger (lucky finger) laꞈ naw daꞈ pure; holy daꞈ kehˬ ve, daꞈ la kehˬ la purify something daꞈ la kehˬ la tcuh ve become pure daꞈ la kehˬ la very good; excellent daꞈ ve ja ve extremely fertile daꞈ hkuiˇ ja hkuiˇ a nice clean house yehˬ daꞈ yehˬ ja fix something up; make something good daꞈ tuˬ ve htaꞈ gu ve be habitually good; practice doing good daꞈ muiˬ ve da mui ve means wanting to be better than others and only doing good and not doing bad things. daꞈ muiˬ ve k'oˆ ve lehˬ shu a kehˉ daꞈ gaˇ leh daꞈ ve tiˉ te chehˇ leh maˇ daꞈ ve awˬ ceuˬ maˇ te ve k'oˆ ve become good; improve daꞈ la ve be excellent; much better than the alternatives daꞈ leuˉ ve if you don't drink liquor it's much better. tzuhˬ maˇ dawˬ ve k'o daꞈ leuˉ ve yoˬ it would be better not to go. maˇ k'ai ve daꞈ leuˉ ve yoˬ it is better than (v) (v) hpawˇ daꞈ ve it is better to keep silent taꞈ iˉ chehˇ hpawˇ daꞈ ve be (adj) well (adj) daꞈ ve be well dried; thoroughly dried out goˇ daꞈ ve just right; neither too much or too little cawˇ daꞈ lawꞈ-ehˬ be nice and fat chu daꞈ ve do good; do the right thing te daꞈ ve a person who habitually does the right thing te daꞈ puiˉ ve chaw be happy; be content nyi ma sha daꞈ ve nice and wet; all soaked nehˆ daꞈ ve speak clearly and well piꞈ daꞈ ve turn out all right; come out well; happen for the best hpehꞈ daꞈ ve be perfect biˇ daꞈ jaˇ have a good death; die well suh daꞈ ve nice and dry vi daꞈ ve dress well veuꞈ daꞈ ve nice and smooth; nice and slippery leˆ daꞈ ve mutual action; reciprocal action (v) daꞈ ve be friends with each other awˬ chawˇ te daꞈ ve mix together hkawꞈ daꞈ ve get along well together; harmonize cawˇ daꞈ ve quarrel; light into each other te daꞈ ve scold each other deˇ daꞈ ve hit each other dawˆ daꞈ ve be crowded close together dawꞈ daꞈ ve trade with each other; exchange pa daꞈ ve copulate paꞈ daꞈ ve be different peun daꞈ ve shoot each other bawˆ daꞈ ve see each other; meet; face one another mawˬ daꞈ ve get the chance to see each other g'a mawˬ daꞈ ve love each other haꞈ daꞈ ve cooperate; be united hawˍ daꞈ ve, hui daꞈ ve run a race; run against each other g'uiˇ daꞈ ve be the same shuˍ daꞈ ve delouse each other; groom each other for lice se nyi daꞈ ve long-tailed tailorbird diˉ diˉ ma leaven; yeast diˇ when you make bread you have to put in yeast. hkaoˬ monˉ te htaˇ diˇ g'a keu ve move in the trees (animals) diˇ ve for something to spread (disease, reputation) diˇ k'ai ve (clf) lump; slab; ball (irregular shape); fleshly part of body diˬ ice; ice-cube a ngeu diˬ blood clot awˬ suhˍ diˬ buttock hk'ehˇ hk'aw diˬ clump of earth; cold jeꞈ diˬ thigh pfuhˬ diˬ chicken thigh g'aˆ pfuhˬ diˬ honeycomb pehˇ nawˉ diˬ clump of earth miˬ guiˬ diˬ ball of thread g'oꞈ hkeh diˬ flutter; tremble; vibrate; pulsate diˆ ve muscle twitches; have a muscle spasm awˬ shaˍ diˆ ve larynx vibrates k'aˉ k'eu leu diˆ ve pulse (in the wrist) laꞈ diˆ pulse beats laꞈ diˆ diˆ ve vibrate diˆ-ehˬ te ve vibrating; moving slightly diˆ diˆ ve a fish bites so that the line vibrates ngaˇ diˆ diˆ cheꞈ ve to wiggle; to squirm around diˆ diˆ naˇ naˇ te ve vibrating; pulsating daw daw diˆ diˆ ve be suspended in the air du ve dust fills the air jeꞈ meuay du ve hovering; floating in the air du-ehˍ ve steam floats awˬ shaˉ du-ehˍ k'ai ve steam floats awˍ lehˬ chi awˬ shaˉ du-ehˍ k'ai ve be hazy; haze hovers moˬ du-ehˬ hpehꞈ ve billowing (smoke) du du-ehˍ insult; look on with contempt du htuꞈ ve be fat; plump (people, animals, trees) duˉ dehˍ ve dig duˇ ve dig a hole awˬ hk'aw duˇ ve dig a house-site ciˬ hkuiˇ duˇ ve dig around in a circle duˇ caw ve bury something duˇ tuˍ ve dig something up; dig something out duˇ tawˆ ve archeologist mawˇ piˍ duˇ tawˆ paˍ dig deep duˇ naˉ ve dig and mix into mud duˇ nehˆ ve dig around so it falls duˇ paˍ ve dig under so it topples duˇ paˆ ve dig away; dig up and throw away duˇ baˬ ve dig something up/out and take it duˇ yuˬ ve hide something by digging duˇ faˉ ve child; descendant duˬ, yaˇ duˬ children and grandchildren yaˇ k'a duˬ k'a descendants of heaven mvuhˇ duˬ mvuhˇ k'a animist altar de large expanse of terrain; zone de expanse of ice; glacier; skating rink a ngeu de banana plantation aˉ pawˇ de pine grove htawˇ de grove of meh sa bamboo mehˬ shaˇ de rocky ground; expanse of rock haˉ pui de grassy ground suhˉ bvuhˬ de scold; curse deˇ ve chase away by scolding deˇ k'oˬ ve give someone a good scolding deˇ keu ve criticism; scolding words deˇ hkawˇ quarrel; bicker deˇ daꞈ ve scold severly; let loose a flood of abuse at someone deˇ hpehˇ ve reprove; chasten; admonish deˇ maˍ ve complain and scold bitterly beu ve deˇ ve sting deˇ ve stinging catfish ngaˇ deˇ ma you might get stung by a hornet! pehˇ mehˍ pi deˇ puiˉ aˬ uselessness; nonsense; vanity deˇ there's no use (v)ing (v) deˇ yoˬ all my trouble was for nothing! hkeuꞈ deˇ yoˬ there's no sense just hanging around, let' do some other work. guiˇ toˇ chehˇ deˇ yoˬ. awˬ kaˍ awˬ nu kanˉ te< all the various (n); every (n) deˇ deˇ these pigs, chickens and cattle are all mine. vaꞈ, g'aˆ, nuˇ chi ngaˬ ve deˇ deˇ yoˬ all my friends are nice people. ngaˬ ve awˬ chawˇ teˇ g'aˇ le le chaw daꞈ deˇ deˇ yoˬ they're not all eunuchs. yawˇ hui chaw tawˇ deˇ deˇ maˇ heˆ i'm pleased to see that all the girls in your village are so pretty. nawˬ hui hk'aˆ hk'aw awˍ yaˇ miˇ haˉ daꞈ ve deˇ deˇ g'a mawˬ ve leh ngaˬ ha lehˬ-aˬ all of them will come. yawˇ hui laˬ tuˬ ve deˇ deˇ yoˬ music do ti play music; make music do ti te ve pack into; put into; be inserted doˆ ve stuff down into; be packed down; sink downward into moˇ awˍ doˆ ve pack into; stuff into doˆ keu ve pick up and stuff into g'awˆ doˆ ve put on (an upper garment); wear deh ve clothe someone; dress someone deh piˇ ve put on a shirt aˉ poꞈ deh ve put back on; wear again k'awꞈ deh ve wear; be attired veuꞈ ve deh ve have clothes to wear; have clothes to put on one's back g'a veuꞈ g'a deh come to rest (of vehicles) deh ve airstrip; landing field caꞈ poˬ deh railroad station aˬ miˍ law deh kuiˬ parking place, bus stop lawˍliˍ deh kuiˬ dock, pier heuˇ sha hpawˇ deh kuiˬ tube; pipe dehˉ k'oˍ stop; cease; calm down dehˬ ve the wind has calmed down. mvuhˇ haw dehˬ oˬ blood stops flowing awˬ suhˍ dehˬ ve car comes to a stop lawˍliˍ dehˬ ve i'm tired, i'll take a rest for a while. ngaˬ heuˬ-aˬ a ciˉ dehˬ a shaˍ shrink, get smaller dehˬ ve cloth shrinks hpa dehˬ ve don't wash that shirt in cold water, it'll shrink! aˉ poꞈ oˇ ve iˉ kaˆ gawˬ taˇ tsuhˇ. dehˬ law tube; pipe; bamboo dehˍ water pipe; water conduit iˉ kaˆ dehˍ gun barrel ngaˆ dehˍ iron pipe sho dehˍ syringe se leˇ dehˍ hunch/shrug the shoulders k'awˍ dehˍ-ehˍ te ve type of shrub dehꞈ fit; be able to fit into daw ve fit into (insert-fit) keu daw ve pack into dawˆ daw ve cannot be packed into dawˆ maˇ daw scroll, book liꞈ daw, liꞈ daw pue vibrating; pulsating daw daw diˆ diˆ cylinder daw pui think, fell, have wisdom dawˇ ve don't keep thinking that you won't get anything to eat! maˇ g'a caˇ tiˉ taˇ dawˇ to think n2 is an n1 (n1) htaꞈ (n2) dawˇ ve i thought he was a northern thai! yawˇ aꞈ kawˉlawˉ dawˇ aˍ ve yaˇ (someone) thinks that (clause) (clause) dawˇ ve what i think is..., i think that... ngaˬ dawˇ ve lehˬ think that one will (clause), intend to (clause) (clause) a dawˇ ve have a surprise; be surprised at the thought of something dawˇ anˇ ve to have thought something; to have formed a plan/opinion dawˇ taˍ ve, dawˇ aˍ ve to have intended to (v); plan to (v) (v) tuˬ dawˇ taˍ ve how many baskets (of seeds) had you intended to plantˉ nawˬ hk'aˬ nyiˇ tuˇ ti tuˬ dawˇ aˍ ve le one's intentions, plans, a proposal; something one has thought up dawˇ taˍ kuiˬ as planned, as intended dawˇ taˍ ve hk'e be fixed on a certain line of thought; nurse resentment dawˇ k'aˉ ve think unclearly; have brain fog dawˇ k'aˍ ve way of thinking; opinion; a thought dawˇ hk'aˇ read someone's thoughts; find out what someone is thinking dawˇ hk'aˇ ca nyi ve be intelligent; be reasonable; good idea dawˇ hk'aˇ cawˬ ve, dawˇ hk'aˇ daꞈ ve change one's mind dawˇ hk'aˇ pa ve offer one's opinion; make a suggestion dawˇ hk'aˇ piˇ ve have a meeting of minds; agree in one's opinions dawˇ hk'aˇ hawˍ daꞈ ve be anxious; worry dawˇ kawˆ ve don't worry! taˇ dawˇ kawˆ be anxious, worried, stressed dawˇ hkiˉ ve be anxious and busy; have work-anxiety dawˇ hkiˉ dawˇ kiˬ think; feel in the mind dawˇ x gaˇ x think dawˇ ve gaˇ ve think pure thoughts; think clearly dawˇ kehˬ gaˇ kehˬ think obsessively about something dawˇ tcuhˉ aˍ gaˇ tcuhˉ aˍ be perplexed; baffled dawˇ tuiꞈ gaˇ tuiꞈ think things over dawˇ nyi gaˇ nyi remember, realize dawˇ nawˇ gaˇ nawˇ think penetrating thoughts; think something through to a conclusion dawˇ pawnˍ gaˇ pawnˍ to be united in heart dawˇ hpu teˇ shiˍ gaˇ hpu teˇ shiˍ thoughts dawˇ ma gaˇ ma wisdom dawˇ maˍ gaˇ maˍ one's thoughts; what one thinks and intends dawˇ meuˇ gaˇ meuˇ unite in thought; share a common purpose dawˇ meuˇ gaˇ meuˇ hui ve worry about difficulties dawˇ haˍ dawˇ hkiˉ ve be very sad; terribly worried dawˇ haˍ gaˇ haˍ be mentally worn out dawˇ heuˬ gaˇ heuˬ have happy thoughts; have peace of mind dawˇ sha gaˇ sha perceive; understand dawˇ shiˍ gaˇ shiˍ righteous thoughts dawˇ seuˇ gaˇ seuˇ be broadminded; patient dawˇ yeˬ gaˇ yeˬ be persistent; be a deep thinker; think ahead dawˇ zuhˬ gaˇ zuhˬ sins of thought dawˇ venˇ gaˇ venˇ hope for; anticipate with longing dawˇ law gaˇ law by accident, unexpectantly, unintentionally maˇ dawˇ maˇ gaˇ leh get something ready for future use, give something forethought dawˇ gu ve clothes set aside for future use dawˇ gu taˍ ve veuꞈ k'aˇ deh k'aˇ 'wisdom tree', ritual object near headman's house dawˇ cehˬ like something; agree with; have one's expectation fulfilled dawˇ cawˇ ve concentrate one's thoughts upon dawˇ tcuhˆ muiˬ ve decide; make up one's mind dawˇ cheˆ ve figure something out; have an idea of what to do dawˇ tawˆ ve oh, i can't figure out what to do! ooˇ dawˇ aˇ tawˆ o yaˇ-o i can't figure it out at all! a ciˉ kaꞈ maˇ dawˇ tawˆ mehˍ have deep thoughts; think deeply dawˇ naˉ ve think selfishly dawˇ naˉ ve think over, meditate, care about dawˇ nyi ve, dawˇ nyi shawˍ nyi ve we shouldn't just think of ourselves always. ngaˬ hui awˬ pon tiˉ dawˇ nyi ve teˇ ceuˬ maˇ g'a cawˇ turn something over in one's mind; think about something from all angles hpfuhˆ dawˇ nyi ve soft and pleasant thoughts dawˇ nuˇ dawˇ sha remember, realize, miss someone, appreciate dawˇ nawˇ ve be ungrateful, un appreciative shu awˬ pon maˇ k'awꞈ dawˇ nawˇ not remember someone anymore shu htaꞈ maˇ k'awꞈ dawˇ nawˇ remind someone; make someone realize dawˇ nawˇ tcuh ve remind someone; make someone realize dawˇ nawˇ tuˬ te piˇ ve be grateful, appreciative; have a good memory dawˇ nawˇ puiˉ ve notebook; memo pad dawˇ nawˇ ve liꞈ think clearly; reach a conclusion dawˇ pawnˍ ve gradually think things through awˬ meuˇ awˬ meuˇ dawˇ pawnˍ la ve understand something well dawˇ pawnˍ dawˇ shiˍ be intelligent dawˇ puiˉ ve be resourceful; have good sense dawˇ puiˉ keuꞈ puiˉ change one's mind; repent dawˇ hpfuhˆ ve think angry thoughts dawˇ beuꞈ ve nurse a grudge; not forget a past wronging dawˇ maˇ leunˇ realize; come to understand dawˇ mi ve realize; imagine dawˇ mawˬ ve otherwise people may say, 'by the time you caught the thought, you couldn't catch the thing!' aˬ mvuhˬ dawˇ mi k'o g'aꞈ aˇ mi k'oˆ puiˉ-aˬ mehˍ something imaginary dawˇ mawˬ ve awˬ ceuˬ can't imagine dawˇ maˇ mawˬ be in mental distress; be sorry; pity someone or something dawˇ haˍ ve what a shame! i feel terrible! dawˇ haˍ jaˇ i'm worried that it might not be enough. maˇ lawꞈ hehˉ tehꞈ ngaˬ dawˇ haˍ ve regret; sorrow; misery dawˇ haˍ tuˬ sorrow turned to gladness. dawˇ haˍ tuˬ lehˬ ha lehˬ tuˬ k'awꞈ hpehꞈ la ve be tired of thinking; have mental fatigue dawˇ heuˬ ve get an idea; have an opinion dawˇ g'a ve just ask me whatever comes into your head. nawˬ dawˇ g'a ve hk'e na laˇ ve tiˉ te< what do you all think about itˉ nawˬ hui hk'aˬ hk'e dawˇ g'a ve le be intelligent dawˇ g'a puiˉ ve be happy, serene dawˇ sha ve give comfort; console someone dawˇ sha piˇ ve comfort; consolation dawˇ sha tuˬ console someone; soothe someone's feelings; comfort someone shu dawˇ sha tuˬ te ve perceive something; know what is right dawˇ shiˍ ve know how to act; be sensible, be grateful, be perceptive dawˇ shiˍ puiˉ ve come to one's senses; realize what one ought to do dawˇ shiˍ la ve repent; change one's ways of thinking dawˇ shiˍ dawˇ hpfuhˆ ve misunderstand dawˇ yaꞈ ve broadminded; tolerant; calm; patient dawˇ yeˬ ve have great mental powers cuˇ yiˍ dawˇ zuhˬ ve be in despair; disappointed dawˇ luˬ ve be at one's wit's end dawˇ leh ve hope for; look forward to dawˇ law ve we're looking forward to his coming. yawˇ laˬ ve htaꞈ ngaˬ hui dawˇ law ve yoˬ. recite something written from memory liꞈ dawˇ g'aw ve socks hkui dawˇ gloves laꞈ dawˇ nice and plump; well-rounded dawˇ-ehˍ a swarm awˬ hawˍ dawˇ a swarm of honeybees pehˇ ma awˬ dawˇ pui thrash around; flail one's limbs about hpehˆ dawˇ ve an undercurrent in the water iˉ kaˆ dawˇ to drink dawˬ ve to drink water iˉ kaˆ dawˬ ve is there water for drinking on the roadˉ yaꞈ k'aw kaꞈ iˉ kaˆ dawˬ tuˬ cawˬ laˇ drink liquor tzuhˬ dawˬ ve eat and drink caˇ ve dawˬ ve eat and drink caˇ tuˬ dawˬ tuˬ to take a sip, drink a mouthful teˇ peuˬ-ehˬ dawˬ ve to scoop up with hands and drink tawˆ dawˬ ve swallow (a liquid) hehˆ dawˬ ve put tea on the fire to drink laˬ teh dawˬ ve ingest by drinking dawˬ keu ve an abundance of drink (poetic) dawˬ ceꞈ something to drink; a beverage dawˬ tuˬ (n) what one is accustomed to drinking dawˬ piˍ drink one's fill, drink to excess dawˬ bvuhˆ ve good to drink; tasty to drink dawˬ mehˬ ve drink the wrong thing; take the wrong medicine dawˬ yaꞈ ve hit, strike, beat dawˆ ve don't hit me again, it hurts a lot! taˇ k'awꞈ dawˆ laˇ, naˬ jaˇ k'oˆ ma the blacksmith said he would forge us a knife. caˬ liˉ paˍ aˉ htaw teˇ maˬ dawˆ laˇ tuˬ ceˇ fill out ownership papers; register something awˬ htanˉ dawˆ ve take a photo awˬ han dawˆ ve affix a seal; stamp something cuˍ dawˆ ve beat a drum cehˬ dawˆ ve have a chat naꞈ uˉ dawˆ ve masturbate nyiˍ dawˆ ve beat time (in music) noꞈ dawˆ ve beat silver, work silver hpu dawˆ ve gamble at cards hpaiˇ dawˆ ve play mahjongg maꞈ caˉ dawˆ ve break up the clods in a field heh dawˆ ve break a hen's egg g'aˆ u dawˆ (hkoˇ) ve break a hen's egg g'aˆ mvuh dawˆ ve chase and hit; pursue with blows g'aꞈ dawˆ ve send a telegram sho caˆ dawˆ ve lie in wait to beat shaw dawˆ ve come to blows in a quarrel yaꞈ daꞈ dawˆ daꞈ knock back dawˆ k'oˬ ve detach with blows; break off something by striking it dawˆ k'ehˆ ve open/make a wound with a blow; break skin by striking dawˆ hk'aw ve beat into; knock into dawˆ keu ve force feed dawˆ caˍ ve crush by hitting dawˆ cehꞈ ve affix with force dawˆ tcuhˉ ve wash by beating dawˆ tsuhˇ ve beat up; rain blows upon dawˆ ve jawꞈ ve beat someone up; attack someone with a weapon dawˆ ve tiˇ ve force to drink dawˆ taw ve knock out of; dislodge something dawˆ tawˆ ve strike and break dawˆ hteh ve fight with each other dawˆ daꞈ ve hit lightly dawˆ nuˇ ve affix with force , nail something (onto a wall) dawˆ nehˉ ve beat to death; strike dead dawˆ pehˍ ve murderer dawˆ pehˍ shehˍ hpaˇ beat until soft dawˆ hpfuhˇ ve knock away dawˆ baˬ ve punish by a severe beating dawˆ maˍ ve pulverize by hitting dawˆ meu-e ve dry by beating dawˆ huˉ ve shut with force; slam shut dawˆ hoˆ ve hit something (too) hard dawˆ hehnˇ ve strike at successfully; hit what one has struck out at dawˆ heuˆ ve destroy something by striking it dawˆ heuˆ luˬ ve hit a glancing blow; ricochet off something dawˆ liˉ ve it's no skin off anyone's nose even if (v) (v) htawˇ... maˇ yaꞈ maˇ dawˆ it's no skin off anyone's nose even if (v) (v) kaꞈ... maˇ yaꞈ maˇ dawˆ even if i am mad, it's no skin off your nose! ngaˬ beuˬ htawˇ nawˬ aꞈ maˇ yaꞈ maˇ dawˆ k'oˆ ma killed by robbers chaw hk'awˇ dawˆ ve kill a pig vaꞈ dawˆ ve lie in ambush to kill naˆ dawˆ ve slaughter a chicken g'aˆ dawˆ ve kill by vigorous blows dawˆ keu ve slaughter an animal to eat dawˆ caˇ ve smoothly rounded; sleek dawˆ-ehˬ this girl's legs and arms have gotten nice and plump. yaˇ miˇ ehˉ chi hkui sheh laꞈ sheh dawˆ-ehˬ k'ai ve be revolting, disgusting, nauseating (of food) dawꞈ ve this pork-fat is disgusting. vaꞈ chu chi dawꞈ jaˇ be revolted by food awˍ dawꞈ ve be nauseated by meat awˬ shaˍ dawꞈ ve eat to the point of nausea caˇ dawꞈ ve i ate so many mushrooms i could puke. ngaˬ mvuhˬ htaꞈ caˇ dawꞈ jaˇ ve yoˬ have morning sickness; be nauseated during pregnancy yaˇ dawꞈ ve be close together; in close physical contact dawꞈ ve until they touch; to the point of contact hk'a dawꞈ-ehˬ cause to come together dawꞈ piˇ ve crowd together, come together at a point dawꞈ daꞈ ve separated; sparse maˇ dawꞈ daꞈ crowd close together teˇ geh dawꞈ daꞈ ve point of juncture; place where things come together dawꞈ daꞈ kuiˬ jasmine dawꞈ maˆ leˆ fireworks dawꞈ faiˇ to thunder mvuhˇ tawˍ mvuhˇ duiˆ k'ai ve noisily; buzzing; in a confused babble of noise duiˆ, duiˇ buzzingly; with confused sounds duiˆ-ehˬ with childish noise yaˇ hoꞈ yaˇ duiˆ-ehˬ bustling with domestic activity yaˇ duiˆ-ehˬ k'a duiˆ-ehˬ with much noise and commotion duiˆ duiˆ shaˉ shaˉ hang free, dangle, swing from deu ve this branch isn't swinging anymore. suhˆ k'aˉ chi maˇ k'awꞈ deu swing; hang from u deu ve dangling object awˬ deu (leu) hang suspended; hang loose chiˇ deu ve hang something from; suspend something hpeh deu ve for fine rain to be in the air; a constant drizzle mvuhˇ yeˬ deu ve dangling deu-ehˬ with head hanging limply k'awˍ deu-ehˬ swing freely; dangle deu deu k'ai ve thump! thud! (sound of striking a hollow object) deunˍ deunˍ listen to; heed; pay attention to na ve if you don't heed your elders' words... chaw mawˇ ve tawˇ hkawˇ maˇ na k'o listen to mass miˇsaˇ na ve understand, catch what is said na gaˬ ve listen well; listen and remember what one has heard na taˍ ve brothers and sisters, listen up carefully now! awˬ viˉ awˬ nyi teˇ hpaˍ-oˬ, hk'a dehꞈ na taˍ sheˍ. listen to (3rd person) na piˇ ve listen and understand na pawnˍ ve be (meekly) obedient; docile na puiˉ ve this fellow is very obedient to the government's orders. chi hpaˇ jawˇ mawˇ hkawˇ na puiˉ jaˇ be tired of listening to na bawˬ ve i'm sick of hearing you two squabble all the time! nawˬ huiˉ maˬ deˇ daꞈ hk'eh jaˇ , ngaˬ na bawˬ jaˇ listen and understand na heuˆ ve understand; catch what is said; succeed in hearing na g'a ve be pleasant to hear na sha ve poetic language; words pleasing to the ear; polite expression na sha hkawˇ rather nice-sounding; pleasant enough to hear na sha lawehꞈ ve hear and understand na shiˍ ve not understand what one has heard na maˇ shiˍ a heedful person; someone who listens to reason na yuˬ puiˉ ve chaw heed; listen well; take someone's advice to heart na yuˬ ve listen to (non 3rd person) na laˇ ve listener; audience (non 3rd person) na laˇ paˍ ask na ve go to him and ask! yawˇ geh ca na< mehˍ there are still some things i'd like to ask about, please. ngaˬ a ciˉ na gaˇ kuiˬ k'awꞈ cawˬ shawˍ i'm tired of how he's always asking me questions! yawˇ hk'aˬ htaˆ kaꞈ tcuhˇ tcuhˬ-aꞈ na laˇ ve na bawˬ jaˇ give a test to someone; give a written examination liꞈ na ve question na hkawˇ, na nyi hkawˇ have a wide-ranging discussion na daꞈ cehˇ daꞈ ask na nyi ve question na nyi hkawˇ question-mark na nyi tuˬ ve awˬ heˆ ask to exchange something na pa ve ask (3rd person) na piˇ ve offer something na peꞈ piˇ ve, na peꞈ laˇ ve ask to get something, ask for in marriage; propose marriage na heuˆ ve ask (non-3rd person) na laˇ ve get better; heal; recover; be cured na ve, na-e ve recover from illness naˬ na ve recover from a cold tcuhˍ yehˇ naˬ na-e ve not recover from illness naˬ maˇ na be incurably ill naˬ maˇ na puiˉ the sickness has not yet been cured from the people. aˬ naˍ chaw yaˇ htaꞈ naˬ maˇ na sheˍ be good; virtuous; morally right na ve when you're building a house you shouldn't pull in opposite directions yehˬ te k'o nyiˇ hpawˇ g'awˬ maˇ na really, truly, seriously awˬ tehˬ awˬ na good to eat; edible caˇ na ve inedible caˇ maˇ na be improper; be taboo te maˇ na evil, immoral maˇ daꞈ maˇ na ask a favor of someone lawˬ na ve in front of; in front of and above na look up there ahead of you! nawˬ na awˍ nyi ehꞈ the upper part of the road, the road ahead yaꞈ k'aw na above the house yehˬ na name given to firstborn daughter na uˉ name for eldest girl na uiˍ stupid girl, silly girl (insult) na k'aˍ paˍ woman's name (incorporates 'gold'-hka) na hkaˇ nickname for skinny woman na cawˉ nehˆ nickname for a fat woman na chu ma first woman (eve) na tiꞈ name given to last-born girl na leh name of a decorative pattern on shoulderbags na k'awꞈ k'ehˉ veˆ kind of waterbug na yeˬ ma willow warbler na luˉ piꞈ oriole na leh bvuhꞈ-ehˬ spider na guˬ na gaˉ pehˬ spiderweb na guˬ na gaˉ pehˬ hpui kind of cicada na nyi ma to be deep, thick, dense; steep (slope); profound (idea) naˉ ve river is deep iˉ kaˆ lawˬ naˉ ve have a steep upward slope gaˬ taˆ naˉ ve dig deep duˇ naˉ ve hole is deep miˬ toꞈ k'oˍ naˉ ve have deep-set eyes; be hollow-eyed mehˆ hk'awꞈ tuˍ naˉ ve road is overgrown yaꞈ k'aw naˉ ve densely overgrown naˉ hk'aˇ naˉ buiˬ a mystery; a deep matter naˉ jaˇ ve awˬ ceuˬ it is deep and hidden. naˉ leh faˉ taˍ ve yoˬ a canyon; a defile; a deep valley lawˬ k'aˉ naˉ act selfishly; (v) only to please oneself naˉ ve, (v) naˉ ve go foraging far and wide k'aˆ naˉ ve be stingy with food caˇ naˉ ve boss people around; send people on errands for their own interests tcuh caˇ naˉ ve act selfishly te naˉ ve think selfishly, think especialy of one's own interests dawˇ naˉ ve consider things from selfish point of view; want everything one see's for himself nyi naˉ ve talk too much; not let others get a word in edgewise behˆ naˉ ve deny vociferously; refute very strongly g'awˬ naˉ ve get one's way by being childish and stubborn ya naˉ ve baby someone te ya ve hide things from others selfishly faˉ naˉ ve divide things up unfairly fuiˍ daꞈ naˉ ve claim too large a share for oneself veh naˉ ve struggle selfishly for an unfair share veh naˉ hiˉ naˉ we don't have to do all this speculation and palavering. choˬ dawˇ oˇ dawˇ choˬ k'oˆ oˇ k'oˆ ve tiˉ k'o lehˬ aˇ te ve yoˬ naˉ of course we don't need to take it! yuˬ k'ai tuˬ maˇ loˍ naˉ emphatic persuasion (phrase) naˉ, naˉ neˍ shows wonder or doubt (phrase) naˍ, naˉ if it's him, i doubt he can do it. yawˇ tiˉ k'o maˇ te hpehꞈ naˉ movie, film nanˉ watch a movie, watch a film nanˉ nyi ve coolie hat; pointed straw hat naˉ hawˆ, laˉ hawˆ surname nanˉ shaꞈ kun kind of cicada naˉ suhˆ gawehˆ book; writing; a letter (red lahu) nanˉ seuˉ write something nanˉ seuˉ keu ve perch on naˇ ve a mosquito lands, perches puiˉ naˇ ve fly and then land on ponˬ naˇ ve shake, wobble naˇ ve shaking, wobbling naˇ naˇ shake back and forth; wobble naˇ naˇ k'ai ve, naˇ naˇ te ve catholic nun nanˇ hkawˉ ma queen nanˇ hawˉ hkanˇ ma be sick, ill, in pain naˬ ve does your finger still hurtˉ nawˬ laꞈ naw naˬ shawˍ laˇ have a headache oˉ k'oˍ naˬ ve it hurts a lot! naˬ jaˇ k'oˆ ma have painful red splotches on the skin awˬ shiˍ tawˆ naˬ ve have the chills; hurt from being cold kaˆ naˬ ve be revolted/disgusted; abhor something chaꞈ naˬ ve hurt from a bite; sting, burn cheꞈ naˬ ve have a bladder infection tzuhˇ hpfuhˇ naˬ ve hurt someone; cause someone pain te naˬ ve, naˬ tcuh ve don't hurt other people! shu aꞈ taˇ te naˬ being revolted by food; be sick and tired of something, someone tawꞈ naˬ ve to ache dawˇ naˬ ve ache all over pawˇ naˬ ve every bone in our body still aches from hauling away the tree-trunks. suhˆ mvuhˉ k'u g'awˬ baˬ ve awˍ awˬ caˆ awˬ ku kaꞈ pawˇ naˬ jaˇ sheˍ k'oˆ ma be swollen and painful hpoꞈ naˬ ve burn with pain hpeh naˬ ve have severe localized pain hpeuˆ naˬ ve be sick with anger beuꞈ naˬ ve suffer infirmities of age mawˇ naˬ ve moan in pain; cry out in pain naˬ hk'aˇ ve place that hurts; a wound; a sore naˬ kuiˬ be sick and miserable naˬ gawˬ ve, naˬ ve gawˬ ve sickness; misery naˬ tuˬ gawˬ tuˬ fall into great distress; fall seriously ill naˬ la gawˬ la be free from sickness/misery maˇ naˬ maˇ gawˬ may there always be only health and comfort for us maˇ naˬ maˇ gawˬ tiˉ cawˬ laˇ suffer; be in pain naˬ jehˇ ve feel pain; experience pain naˬ jawˬ ve injury; wound naˬ tuˬ, naˬ tuˬ baˆ tuˬ malaria naˬ hpeuˆ this kind of fever is very frightening. naˬ hpeuˆ chi kawˆ jaˇ severe illness; the flu; the miseries naˬ beuˬ suffer from a serious illness naˬ beuˬ naˬ ve "plague-bird" - vultures and other carrion-eating birds naˬ beuˬ ngaˆ painful illness naˬ beuˬ naˬ hk'aˇ (curse) may he die like a dog naˬ beuˬ naˬ hk'aˇ suh-e< cry out in pain; scream in agony naˬ heuˉ ve be delirious (as with high fever) naˬ g'uˇ ve a sick man naˬ shehˍ hpaˇ a sick woman; disease-causing germ naˬ shehˍ ma die of a disease naˬ suh ve sugarcane naˬ awˍ, naˬ wehˍ water bucket; pail for water naˬ hkoˆ ice-cube naˬ hkehˆ diˬ the mekong nanˬ hkawnˉ g'uiˬ ocean naˬ pa laiˬ the mae ping river naˬ penˇ lawˬ naam phrick naˬ hpeꞈ die from loss of blood and fluids suhˍ tawˆ naˬ tawˆ suh ve baptize (sprinkling) hpehꞈ naˬ ve magic power; supernatural power naˬ, naˍ an outrage; an offense; loose or improper behavior naˬ taw, naˬ taweh commit immorality, be disrespectful and arrogant naˬ taw te ve with disdain; mockingly; in a humiliating way naˬ taweh naˬ taˇ outrageously; offensively naˬ mvuhˇ naˬ taw casually; carelessly; insouciantly naˬ taw-ehˬ don't do it carelessly, don't go doing it any old way! naˬ taw-ehˬ taˇ te, hk'e leˇ taˇ ca te-o mock someone; humiliate someone naˬ taweh naˬ taˇ te ve a half-breed, hybrid naˬ hpanˍ anglo-indian kaˇlaˇ naˬ hpanˍ person of mixed lahu and other parentage laˇhuˍ naˬ hpanˍ hybrid corn sha ma naˬ hpanˍ weight naˬ naˆ how much does it weighˉ naˬ naˆ hk'aˬ ma hawˇ le grape naˬ shiˍ peˆ grape juice naˬ shiˍ peˆ g'uiˬ eupatoria (aggressive weed that grows in abandoned fields almost before anything else) naˬ vaꞈ maˬ ehˉ forehead; brow naˍ have one's forehead dripping with sweat; sweat blood from exertion kuiˍ nyi naˍ paˆ shoˇ te ve cock's comb g'aˆ naˍ tzuh forehead; brow naˍ k'aˍ wrinkle one's brow naˍ k'aˍ pui kuiˉ-ehˬ te ve hairline at the forehead naˍ yehꞈ be bald naˍ yehˬ zuhˬ ve have a receding hairline naˍ yehˬ nyiˉ-ehˬ te ve spoil (a child or animal); lure with bait naˍ ve tame an animal by feeding it salt aˉ lehꞈ lehˉ leh naˍ yuˬ ve difficult; tiring naˍ ve this work is very tough. kanˉ chi naˍ jaˇ nose naˍ, naˍ hk'awˇ eye of a needle g'oꞈ naˍ hk'awˇ pick one's nose naˍ hk'awˇ k'ehˉ ve nostril naˍ hk'awˇ hk'aw string passed through the nose of an animal to lead it around naˍ hk'awˇ caˆ pierce the nose; have someone where you want him naˍ hk'awˇ htaw ve tip of the nose naˍ hk'awˇ leh meuˇ alae nasi (movable flaps on each side of tip of nose) naˍ hk'awˇ meuˇ nuˇ nehˆ nose-ring (for cattle) naˍ hk'awˇ g'awˇ have a nosebleed naˍ hk'awˇ suhˍ tawˆ ve ear naˍ have one's ears droop, stick out naˍ paw k'aˍ-ehˬ k'ai ve, naˍ paw k'a-ehˬ te ve have the ears pricked up (dogs, cats, etc.) naˍ paw cehˇ-ehˬ k'ai ve peg of a guitar tiˍ naˍ paw handles on sides of frying pan ha chui naˍ paw eye of a needle g'oꞈ naˍ paw ear of rice-steamer shaˉ hk'aˆ naˍ paw ear-hole naˍ paw k'oˍ reach one's ears (as news, gossip) naˍ paw hk'aw loꞈ-e ve gill of a fish naˍ paw koˆ the outer ear naˍ paw kaw-iˉ be annoying to the ears naˍ paw ci ve temple (of the head) naˍ paw tcuhˉ tuˇ have sharp ears naˍ paw htaˆ ve, naˍ paw paˇ ve be disobedient naˍ paw htu ve pierce an ear naˍ paw htaw ve be deaf naˍ paw pawˇ ve the whole external ear; the earlobe naˍ paw hpaꞈ earring naˍ paw veˆ left ear naˍ paw laꞈ mehˍ paˉ right ear naˍ paw laꞈ sha paˉ earring naˍ g'awˇ, naˍ g'awehˇ, naˍ vawˇ put on earrings; wear earrings naˍ g'awˇ tcuhˉ ve earring with an ornament, pendant naˍ g'awˇ juˬ lu edge; rim; border naˍ jaˇ, naˬ jaˇ a well naˍ bawˍ, naˍ bawehˍ oil; grease; gasoline naˍ manˇ smear with oil; lubricate with grease naˍ manˇ shehˍ ve anoint with oil naˍ manˇ pfuhˍ piˇ ve oil well naˍ manˇ bawˍ hair oil; perfume naˍ manˇ hawˉ holy water naˍ moˇ g'uiˬ ink naˍ meuꞈ to tattoo naˍ meuꞈ juˆ ve a tattoo; tattoo marks naˍ meuꞈ juˆ-aˍ ve pen; fountain-pen naˍ meuꞈ taˬ this pen has gone dry. naˍ meuꞈ taˬ chi fiˍ-oˬ ink cartridge naˍ meuꞈ g'uiˬ tzuhˇ hpoˇ banyan tree naˍ k'uˇ cehˬ mulberry tree nanˍ hawˉ meunˇ cehˬ tree that grows in forest used for coal naˍ faiˉ have you found out yet whether he has any money or notˉ yawˇ hpu cawˬ naˍ maˇ cawˬ naˍ nawˬ g'a shiˍ-oˬ laˇ breast of a killed animal naˍ euˆ, naꞈ euˉ shin; tibia naˍ hkehˍ k'u number nanˍ baꞈ to count nanˍ baꞈ g'aw ve do you know how to countˉ nanˍ baꞈ g'aw hpehꞈ aw laˇ weld together naˍ shaˉ caˬ ve o'clock; time of day; an hour; watch; clock naˍ liꞈ, naˍ liˍ it's now ten o'clock. teˇ chi naˍ liꞈ gaˬ-oˬ gun ngaˆ breech-loading rifle (loaded by twisting barrel) awˉ hteh ngaˆ musket; muzzle-loading rifle maꞈ tehˆ ngaˆ tip of a gun; gun muzzle ngaˆ oˉ k'oˍ handgun; pistol ngaˆ ehˉ gun-barrel ngaˆ oˬ dehˍ small shot; buckshot; birdshot ngaˆ awˬ shiˍ ehˉ clean a gun ngaˆ hk'aw hawˍ ve noise of a gunshot ngaˆ hkawˇ machine-gun ngaˆ chui-ehˆ gun fires; rifle goes off ngaˆ toꞈ ve rifle-butt ngaˆ tawˍ shuˍ cock a rifle ngaˆ htaw (keu) ve practice shooting at a target ngaˆ pa caw ve double-barrelled shotgun ngaˆ pa neh, ngaˆ puiˉ bui bolt of a rifle ngaˆ boˇ bayonet ngaˆ behˇ nehˆ, ngaˆ viˇ shoot with a gun ngaˆ bawˆ ve telescopic sight of a rifle ngaˆ maꞈ htawˍ trigger-lock ngaˆ mawˉ gunpowder ngaˆ meuˍ gun is heavy; sell a gun ngaˆ hawˇ ve bullet ngaˆ shiˍ gun license ngaˆ lehꞈ maˬ black naˆ red and black mixed together. nyi leh naˆ hkawꞈ daꞈ ve be selfish and hardhearted mehˆ naˆ ve crow aˉ naˆ k'aˍ gibbon mawꞈ naˆ dark yellow; light brown shi naˆ king cobra vuiˬ naˆ black naˆ-ehˬ look over there! she's all in black! choˇ nyi, naˆ tawˉ te chehˇ aˬ vaˬ very black, jet black naˆ tawˉ-ehˬ dark brown; navy blue; dark purple naˆ meuˉ-ehˬ pitch dark; too dark to see naˆ hoꞈ-ehˬ pitch dark naˆ hoꞈ naˆ k'ehˉ it's black now. it's gotten black. naˆ-oˬ the sky darkens mvuhˇ naˆ ve take a step; step on naˆ ve step with the foot hkui sheh naˆ ve jump onto pawˆ naˆ ve place to step on, footrest, a pedal naˆ kuiˬ accelerator pedal naˍ maˇ bawˆ tuˬ ve naˆ kuiˬ step into naˆ keu ve hold down with the foot naˆ tiˍ ve trample to death naˆ pehˍ ve make a misstep; lose one's footing naˆ hpiˆ ve, naˆ yaꞈ ve step on purposefully naˆ hpehˇ ve get one's foot caught in something naˆ hawˍ-e ve slip; miss one's footing on a slippery place hkui naˆ leˆ ve lie in wait; lie in ambush naˆ ve go lie in wait for game shaˍ (ca) naˆ ve track down game chaw naˆ ve lie in wait to shoot naˆ bawˆ ve seize in ambush naˆ yuˬ ve bandit; robber; thief chaw naˆ medicine; drug; poison naˆ tsuhˇ fish poison ngaˇ naˆ tsuhˇ toothpaste ciˬ shiˆ naˆ tsuhˇ insecticide awˬ pfuhˇ ma suh-e tuˬ ve naˆ tsuhˇ quinine naˆ tsuhˇ hk'aˇ treat with medicine; medicate someone naˆ tsuhˇ gu ve take medicine; take poison naˆ tsuhˇ caˇ ve poison someone naˆ tsuhˇ caˍ pehˍ ve have an injection; inject medicine naˆ tsuhˇ juˆ ve for paint to come off naˆ tsuhˇ pawˆ ve cost of medicine naˆ tsuhˇ hpfuhˇ be over-medicated naˆ tsuhˇ bvuhˆ ve powdered medicine naˆ tsuhˇ meu-e have a medicinal steam bath naˆ tsuhˇ shaˉ ve pill naˆ tsuhˇ shiˍ painter naˆ tsuhˇ shehˍ paˍ doctor; medicine-man naˆ tsuhˇ shehˍ hpaˇ clinic; hospital naˆ tsuhˇ yehˬ hell naˆ hoꞈ bless with; provide with good things naꞈ ve god blesses his earth with fertility. g'uiˬ sha yawˇ miˬ guiˬ htaꞈ awˬ hkuiˇ naꞈ piˇ ve bless someone, bestow blessings on someone bon naꞈ piˇ ve, bon naꞈ laˇ ve celebrant in animist rituals tawˇ naꞈ paˍ early morning naꞈ rather early in the morning (6 a.m.) naꞈ chaweh, naꞈ shaˉ-ehˬ very early; in good time; in advance naꞈ naꞈ suhˆ suhˆ very early in the morning (4 a.m.) teˇ naꞈ early tomorrow morning shawˉ pawˍ teˇ naꞈ the early morning mvuhˇ naꞈ marry young; marry early in life heuˆ naꞈ ve unrefined cane sugar naꞈ wehˍ, naˬ wehˍ a piece of candy naꞈ wehˍ shiˍ conversation, a chat naꞈ uˉ have a chat; converse intimately naꞈ uˉ uˉ (daꞈ) ve, naꞈ uˉ te (daꞈ) ve be a sweet talker; a good conversationalist naꞈ uˉ mehˬ ve multiply (in arithmetic) naꞈ hkeuˉ ve respect someone; believe in (a deity); worship naꞈ htuiˉ, naꞈ hteuˉ look at nyi ve look at that! oˇ ve aꞈ nyi< look! nyi ehꞈ look here..., you see... nyi-ehꞈ make something to use as an imitation of (n) (n) nyi leh te yehˇ ve stare at; squint at; open up and look at k'ehˉ nyi ve go to look at ca nyi ve look all around caw nyi ve palm read laꞈ hk'aˇ nyi ve look at for pleasure; tour around nyi guiˇ ve tourist attraction, a view, scenic view nyi guiˇ kuiˬ look at carefully; inspect thoroughly nyi cehnˍ ve look upward nyi taˆ ve have something in mind; intend; try to do something nyi dawˇ ve he's been intending to build himself a fine new house. yawˇ yehˬ awˬ suhˉ daꞈ daꞈ ve te-a tehˬ nyi dawˇ chehˇ ve be turned against something; be disgusted with nyi hpfuhˆ ve look at something without understanding what it is nyi maˇ shiˍ look at and see nyi mawˬ ve cannot see; can't find nyi maˇ mawˬ if you look you'll probably see it. nyi k'o, mawˬ tuˬ hehˉ be hard to see; be ugly, an eyesore nyi haˍ ve interesting to look at; good-looking; take care of; look out for nyi sha ve look after a child ehˉ nyi ve do someone a favor; discriminate against someone because of appearance shu mehˆ hpfuhˇ aꞈ nyi ve take care of each other nyi daꞈ ve take care of; look after nyi piˇ ve, nyi piˇ ga piˇ ve take care of each other nyi daꞈ ve treat people heartlessly nyi k'awꞈ mehˆ naˆ take under one's protection/wing; look after carefully nyi ve koˍ ve take care of; assume responsiblity for nyi haꞈ shaˉ ve caretaker, leader, overseer, guardian nyi haꞈ shaˉ shehˍ hpaˇ take proper care of; supervise something nyi loˍ ve you really ought to take proper care of your things. nawˬ ve mawˇ nawˬ hk'a dehꞈ nyi loˍ cawˇ ve yoˬ try to (v); (v) and see what happens (v) nyi ve try singing k'a muiˬ nyi ve have you managed to try harvesting it yetˉ nawˬ g'a g'euꞈ nyi oˬ laˇ day nyi yesterday aˉ nyi each and everyday hk'aˬ nyi chi nyi one day seemed like two (because of all the trouble). teˇ nyi nyiˇ nyi hk'e k'ai yoˬ on which dayˉ hk'aˬ htaˆ teˇ nyi every other day teˇ nyi hkanˍ teˇ nyi all day until it gets dark teˇ nyi mvuhˇ hk'a hpeuꞈ htawˇ what's today's dateˉ yaꞈ nyi hk'aˬ nyiˇ nyi le red, become red nyiˉ something red; something bare hk'a lawꞈ lawꞈ maˇ nyiˉ taˍ sheˍ orange; light brown nyiˉ shu orange; reddish yellow nyiˉ shi dark red nyiˉ naw view point; opinion nyi hk'aˇ heart; chest nyi be agreed, settled, decided; be willing to do something nyi hk'aˇ suh ve i'm still undecided; i haven't made up my mind yet; i'm still satisfied ngaˬ nyi hk'aˇ maˇ suh sheˍ how much are you willing to pay for itˉ or how much are you willing to accept for itˉ hk'aˬ ma k'o nyi hk'aˇ suh le as one likes; as one pleases nyi hk'aˇ suh ve hk'e be satisfied; to satisfy someone, to please someone nyi hk'aˇ suh (-ehˬ) te ve rib, spoke nyi kuˇ he took a rib and created the woman and gave her to adam. nyi kuˇ aꞈ yuˬ leh yaˇ miˇ ma htaꞈ hpanˍ leh aˍdanˍ htaꞈ piˇ ve yoˬ. side of the body; the ribs nyi kuˇ hpawˇ between the ribs nyi kuˇ awˬ kaˍ hpawˇ umbrella spoke cawˍ nyi kuˇ bicycle-wheel spoke shoˍ kuˇ cawˍ nyi kuˇ spareribs vaꞈ nyi kuˇ shaˍ heart nyi ma be cowardly; be timid; be bashful nyi ma i ve from the bottom of one's heart nyi ma awˬ tawˬ hk'a gaˬ be courageous; brave nyi ma uiˍ ve proud and haughty; agressively nyi ma uiˍ nyi ma mvuh chest; breast nyi ma k'a pui cardiac region (side of the chest where the heart is) nyi ma k'a pui hpawˇ be in harmony; have a mutually happy relationship nyi ma k'aw daꞈ ve be crooked; dishonest; devious; evil minded nyi ma k'awꞈ ve be indifferent to the misfortune of others nyi k'awꞈ mehˆ naˆ in one's heart nyi ma hk'aw be mentally tense; be wound tight with anxiety nyi ma kiˇ ve be impatient; be flustered, rattled nyi ma kiˍ ve have a pure heart; have peace of mind nyi ma kehˬ ve have a broken heart nyi ma hkoˇ-e ve die of a broken heart (emotional cause) nyi ma hkoˇ suh ve be calm; act calmly; be relaxed nyi ma gawˬ lehꞈ te ve be short-tempered; have a short attention span nyi ma ngeh ve be to one's liking; be pleasing, satisfying, agreeable; suit one's wishes nyi ma (hk'aw) cawˇ ve agree with each other nyi ma cawˇ daꞈ ve like each other nyi ma hk'aw cawˇ daꞈ ve for (n1) to like (n2) (n2) htaꞈ (n1) nyi ma cawˇ ve he says he likes you a lot. nawˬ aꞈ yawˇ nyi ma cawˇ jaˇ ceˇ are you in favor of making him headman. yawˇ htaꞈ hk'aˆ sheh hpehꞈ tcuh ve aꞈ nawˬ nyi ma cawˇ aˬ laˇ (n1) pleases (n2) (n2 ve) nyi ma (n1) cawˇ ve satisfy someone; placate someone nyi ma cawˇ tcuh piˇ ve be interested in something nyi ma cawˬ ve be interested in; preoccupied with nyi ma tcuhˉ ve be startled; have a twinge in heart nyi ma cheˆ-ehˬ k'ai ve have an evil heart nyi ma chu-iˉ ve be shocked; be very upset by something nyi ma juˆ ve keep control of one's emotions; keep calm/cool nyi ma taˍ ve one heart; a single heart; undivided attention; singleness of purpose nyi ma teˇ shiˍ be united in feeling with others; concentrate on nyi ma teˇ shiˍ tiˉ te ve be in perfect accord with nyi ma htaˇ daꞈ hawˍ daꞈ ve be honest nyi ma hteˇ ve keep changing one's mind; vacillate beack and forth in one's thinking nyi ma htawˇ dawˇ nawˬ dawˇ k'ai ve be of good character; be kind nyi ma daꞈ ve please someone; satisfy someone nyi ma htaꞈ dawˇ cawˇ ve be broad-minded; tolerant; be calm nyi ma dawˇ yeˬ gaˇ yeˬ ve be painstaking; thoughtful and careful nyi ma dawˇ zuhˬ gaˇ zuhˬ ve be grieved; sorrowful; heartsick nyi ma naˬ ve offend someone; cause someone mental anguish nyi ma naˬ tuˬ te ve be of two minds; have mixed emotions nyi ma nyiˇ hk'aˇ dawˇ ve be tired; worn out nyi ma nuˇ ve be patient, calm, humble nyi ma nuˇ nehˬ ve change one's mind nyi ma pa ve be interested in; be enthusiastic about nyi ma pfuhˇ ve chest; breast nyi ma pui breastplate nyi ma pui htanˬ tuˬ have a pure heart nyi ma hpu ve be brave nyi ma hpehꞈ ve be happy and content nyi ma hpawˇ sha ha lehˬ ve be clever; bright; quick-witted nyi ma paiˉ ve be in full possession of one's faculties nyi ma biˇ ve not be all there; be an imbecile nyi ma maˇ biˇ mentally retarded person; nyi ma maˇ biˇ ve chaw be angry; be nauseous nyi ma beuꞈ ve be inconstant, distractable nyi ma maˇ ve be glad; happy nyi ma ha lehˬ ve be sad; grieved; upset; disappointed; long for someone; feel sorry for someone; sympathize with someone nyi ma haˍ ve i was also very sad to hear that your daughter died. nawˬ ve awˬ yaˇ miˇ suh-e ve htaꞈ ngaˬ g'a kaˇ leh, ngaˬ kaꞈ nyi ma haˍ jaˇ i feel so sorry for you. nawˬ aꞈ nyi ma haˍ jaˇ ve yoˬ be bold; daring nyi ma haˆ ve be timid; faint-hearted nyi ma maˇ haˆ be brave-hearted; courageous nyi ma haꞈ hanˉ ve be hard-hearted; callous; stubborn; inflexible nyi ma heh ve be worried; be all worked up about something; have a hot temper; have heartburn nyi ma haw ve take it easy! nyi ma taˇ haw be extremely upset; be all hot and bothered about something nyi ma haw haw chiˆ chiˆ te ve be in anguish; suffer great mental distress nyi ma haw naˬ cheꞈ naˬ ve be heavy-hearted; be sick with worry nyi ma hawˇ buiˬ ve agree with each other; be in accord nyi ma hawˍ (daꞈ) ve be in harmony; have a meeting of the minds nyi ma hui (daꞈ) ve for something to hit home; for something to make deep impression nyi ma htaꞈ heuˆ ve be wicked-hearted; evil nyi ma haiˬ ve be angry at what someone has done to another nyi ma g'eu ve be happy; easy in one's mind; contented nyi ma sha ve do something to make someone happy nyi ma sha tuˬ te piˇ ve heart (physical organ) nyi ma shiˍ conscience shiˍ puiˉ ve nyi ma shiˍ have a heart attack nyi ma shiˍ hkawˇ ve bear resentment nyi ma shiˍ cheꞈ naˬ ve be bothered; annoyed nyi ma shoꞈ shaꞈ ve bother someone; exasperate someone nyi ma shoꞈ shaꞈ te ve be steadfast; faithful; dependable nyi ma yeˬ ve vacillate; hesitate nyi ma maˇ yeˬ be steady; even-tempered; calm nyi ma zuh ve be careful; persevering; be slow to anger; be patient nyi ma zuhˬ ve be angry nyi ma zuhˆ ve have a quick temper; be hot-headed nyi ma vaiˇ ve be depressed; downhearted; discouraged nyi ma luˬ ve discourage someone; make someone sad nyi ma luˬ piˇ ve, nyi ma luˬ tuˬ te ve investigate someone feelings nyi ma lawˇ nyi ve goldfish ngaˇ nyiˉ a red shirt nyiˉ-ehˬ ve aˉ poꞈ a bald head oˉ k'oˍ nyiˉ-ehˬ ve a naked torso, a bare chest nyi ma k'a pui nyiˉ-ehˬ ve scoop up; dip out nyiˉ ve scoop out and throw away nyiˉ baˬ ve scoop out and drink nyiˉ dawˬ ve take by dipping; skim off nyiˉ yuˬ ve squeeze; press nyiˉ ve make a thumbprint on a document laꞈ maꞈ nyiˉ ve immobilize by pressing against something nyiˉ ka ve press something in and shake it down nyiˉ keu hiˆ keu press something tightly into place nyiˉ cuˉ ve crush by pressing; squash; mash nyiˉ cehꞈ ve place to press; thing for pressing; button nyiˉ tuˬ typewriter key liꞈ bvuhꞈ caꞈ nyiˉ tuˬ squeeze out nyiˉ tawˆ ve squeeze out and drink nyiˉ dawˬ ve squeeze something flat nyiˉ paˉ ve strangle; choke; be crushed nyiˉ pehˍ ve squeeze out and discard nyiˉ baˬ ve squeeze and rub nyiˉ yeꞈ ve turban; towel wrapped around the head uˇ nyiˉ interweave one fiber at a time teˇ ne chiˇ teˇ ne nyiˉ ve if he doesn't want to go, don't force him maˇ k'ai gaˇ k'o yawˇ htaꞈ taˇ nyiˉ extract a promise tawˇ nyiˉ ve force someone to do something; coerce someone nyiˉ te ve to rape nyiˉ paꞈ ve grab hold of; seize; take by force nyiˉ yuˬ ve force someone to provide something to eat nyiˉ lehꞈ ve be oppressed by bad dreams; have a nightmare where one feels immobilized zuhꞈ maˆ zuhꞈ mo nyiˉ ve two nyiˇ two kinds nyiˇ ceuˬ both kinds nyiˇ ceuˬ ceuˬ twenty nyiˇ chi tuesday (shinˉ peuˬ) nyiˇ nyi every other day; every two days nyiˇ nyi teˇ pawˆ both sides nyiˇ paˉ paˉ both people nyiˇ g'aˇ g'aˇ the second (clf) nyiˇ (clf) teˇ (clf) the second thing nyiˇ ceuˬ teˇ ceuˬ this many chi nyiˇ penis nyiˍ (hk'ehꞈ), nyiˍ taˍ testicles nyiˍ u tehˉ, nyiˍ shiˍ semen; sperm; smegma nyiˍ hk'ehˇ male pubic hair nyiˍ mvuh scrotum nyiˍ shiˍ hpui be moist, damp nu ve to kiss nu lehꞈ ve smell sour, pickled ci nu ve lean over and kiss boˆ nu ve place over there nu over there (quite a distance away) oˇ (awˬ) nu awˍ over there (a few feet away) chi (awˬ) nu awˍ hereafter; afterwards chi awˬ nu rice panicle caˬ nu snot; phlegm nuˉ (hk'ehˇ) spit up phlegm nuˉ hk'ehˇ hpehꞈ ve cry and snivel; sob with one's nose running nuˉ hk'ehˇ hpuꞈ-ehˬ hpuꞈ-ehˬ te hawˬ ve blow one's nose nuˉ hk'ehˇ haw baˬ ve wipe one's nose nuˉ hk'ehˇ shiˆ baˬ ve snot drips nuˉ hk'ehˇ shoˇ ve have a runny nose nuˉ hk'ehˇ shoˇ-ehˬ te ve snot nuˉ g'uiˬ cattle nuˇ calf nuˇ-ehˉ veal nuˇ-ehˉ shaˍ castrated ox, steer, etc. nuˇ (awˬ) tawnˇ cow chews it's cud nuˇ awˍ behˇ ve cow dung nuˇ hk'ehˇ cow's horn nuˇ hkaw cattle pen nuˇ hkawˆ cow's milk nuˇ cuˉ cream of cow's milk nuˇ cuˉ awˬ uˉ ma cow's milk nuˇ cuˉ g'uiˬ butter nuˇ cuˉ g'uiˬ awˬ diˬ a medicinal plant nuˇ teˇ hkui cehˬ hump on an ox's back nuˇ nawˉ male bovine nuˇ paˍ young bull nuˇ paˍ ehˉ old ox, old cow nuˇ mawˇ if an old ox eats young grass, he gets diarrhea. (old people should act their age) nuˇ mawˇ k'o mvuhꞈ naweh caˇ k'o hk'ehˇ hawˆ law cow's tongue; a legume nuˇ ha tehˍ grazing grounds for cattle nuˇ hawˉ kuiˬ beef nuˇ shaˍ cow's stomach; tripe nuˇ fuiˉ k'oˍ tractor (iron ox) sho nuˇ be soft, weak, gentle nuˇ ve be weak awˬ g'aˇ nuˇ ve be weak in one's religion; have little faith bon nuˇ ve prepare by softening gu nuˇ ve a sapling caˍ nuˇ soft and pleasant thoughts dawˇ nuˇ dawˇ sha pure and gentle thoughts dawˇ hpu dawˇ nu hit softly; strike with a gentle blow dawˆ nuˇ ve be tired; worn out nyi ma nuˇ ve have weak eyes for reading mehˆ g'aw nuˇ ve softly; tenderly; gently nuˇ-ehˬ, nuˇ lehˍ patient, meek, humble nuˇ nehˬ ve soft and yielding; relaxed nuˇ nehˆ-ehˍ have one's body relaxed awˬ to nuˆ nehˆ-ehˬ k'ai ve soft earth miˬ nuˇ nehˆ-ehˬ ve soften; get softer nuˇ la ve the sunlight has become less intense. mvuhˇ cha nuˇ la ve yoˬ smell something; perceive by smell nuˬ ve smell before you eat! (proverb) caˇ a k'o nuˬ a nyi sniff something; try to smell something nuˬ nyi ve that stinks! nuˬ-aˬ smell rotten; stink of decay kuiˇ nuˬ ve have a smell attached tcuhˉ nuˬ ve reek of smoke mvuhˇ hk'awˇ nuˬ ve have stinking armpits; smell as bad as a goat haˇ nuˬ ve garlic shuˍ hpu nuˬ have a bitter stench; be acrid nuˬ hk'aˇ ve something smelly nuˬ ma be blind mehˆ cuˉ nuˬ ve dry out sesame nuˍ huˉ ve sesame nuˍ sesame plant nuˍ cehˬ black sesame nuˍ naˆ white sesame nuˍ hpu sesame weed nuˍ shiˍ be young nuˍ ve be young in age a shaꞈ nuˍ ve fertile seeds hkuiˇ yawˇ nuˍ yawˇ cut, snip nuˆ ve take money as a commission hpu nuꞈ ve live by kickbacks nuꞈ caˇ ve take a commission; take a cut of the money nuꞈ yuˬ ve talking mynah bird nuꞈ-i strip of fiber ne inedible fibers in meat or fruit awˬ hkeh ne bamboo strip (used for tying) vaˇ ne have body, consistency, cohesive, chewy, sticky neˉ ve, neˉ-ehˬ this rice-cake is very sticky. awˍ hpuꞈ chi neˉ jaˇ demon; spirit neˇ a good ghost, spirit daꞈ ve neˇ a lying spirit heˍ puiˉ ve neˇ one spirit neˇ teˇ hk'eh become possessed by a spirit neˇ geh ve seek out a spirit neˇ ca ve be related to evil spirits, involved in spiritism neˇ caˉ daꞈ ve unwittingly harbor a demon neˇ cawˬ ve make offerings to spirits neˇ tanˇ ve block a spirit; keep an evil spirit at a distance neˇ tawˍ baˬ ve offend a spirit neˇ hpiˆ ve, neˇ yaꞈ ve cast out a spirit neˇ baˬ ve, neˇ g'aꞈ ve spirit doctor neˇ mawˉ the devil neˇ haiˬ evil spirits; demons neˇ haiˬ sheh haiˬ throw away something because a spirit is attached to it neˇ shoˍ k'oˬ taˍ ve spirit-people; inhabitants of the spirit world neˇ yaˇ pray to a spirit; invoke a spirit neˇ geh lawˬ ve be near neˇ ve, neˇ-ehˬ be/become near neˇ-ehˬ hpehꞈ ve, neˇ-ehˬ k'ai ve a nearby place neˇ kuiˬ be near each other neˇ daꞈ ve emphatic final particle - 'certainly', 'indeed' (phrase) neˍ that's what he did say to her! chi hk'e k'oˆ piˇ ma neˍ to limp neˆ neˆ k'ai ve up there, up there ahead noˇ it's up there! noˇ awˍ law up there noˇ kaꞈ the country to the north; the land up above; heaven noˇ teˇ mvuhˇ miˬ term of endearment noˬ my dear! my friend! (between husband and wife, intimate friends) noˬ-aˬ dear friend! pal of mine! awˬ chawˇ noˬ aˬ cut with an instrument having two moving parts; clamp; pinch together noˆ ve cut one's hair oˉ k'oˍ noˆ ve a clamp; a vise hko noˆ, hko nuˆ shoes hkuiˉ noˆ press against cehˍ cehˍ noˆ noˆ te ve peel and insert tightly into baꞈ noˆ ve hairpin behꞈ noˆ scissors mehˉ noˆ a clamp; a vise noˆ tuˬ snip off; cut off (as with scissors) noˆ baˬ ve blossom-headed parakeet noˆ kiˉ kaw นกแก้วหัวแพร่ musical note noꞈ a note in printed music noꞈ mehˆ subtract (in arithmetic) noꞈ ve, noꞈ baˬ ve catapult noꞈ koˆ i, you (feminine) used in poetry neh เธอ fair maiden; pretty girl neh daꞈ we; us (red lahu) nehˉ stick something into; patch onto nehˉ ve be bloody; have blood on it awˬ suhˍ nehˉ ve copy/pluck and paste on; to be in the image of; resemble chehˆ nehˉ ve this little girl is the image of her mother. yaˇ miˇ ehˉ chi awˬ e chehˆ nehˉ aˍ ve hk'e yoˬ sew onto; affix by sewing tawˉ nehˉ ve affix with force; nail something onto dawˆ nehˉ ve stick to and be carried along (burrs on clothing); spread by contact (as a disease) nehˉ k'ai ve mend nehˉ keu ve be stuck/attached to each other nehˉ daꞈ ve a patch nehˉ peˆ even though this shirt has a rip, it can be patched and worn aˉ poꞈ chi tzuhꞈ kuiˬ cawˬ htawˇ nehˉ deh hpehꞈ aw stick on a patch and wear nehˉ deh ve be sticky; be magnetic nehˉ puiˉ ve next year nehˉ hk'awꞈ someday (in the future) nehˉ nyi even (n); making a scolding comparison (n) nehˉ not/never (v) either; though, although, even if nehˉ maˇ (v) even my teeth have turned yellow! ciˬ nehˉ pawˇ shi oˬ ve vaˬ i've never gone either. ngaˬ nehˉ maˇ k'ai jaw the others have gone already, and you haven't gone yetˉ shu nehˉ k'ai peuˬ-oˬ, nawˬ maˇ k'ai sheˍ laˇ even if we don't have any money, that's no problem. hpu maˇ cawˬ nehˉ teꞈ chiˉ maˇ heˆ be low; be short nehˬ ve high and low pitched words, tonal contours (of a language) hkawˇ mvuh hkawˇ nehˬ humiliate someone taˍ nehˬ piˇ ve be young nehˬ ve youth; adolescent boy; young man yaˇ nehˬ i wouldn't be surprised if...; i'll bet... (phrase) nehˬ (-awˍ) i wouldn't be surprised if they grew opium up there. yawˇ hui tiˉ k'o nawˇ awˍ ya finˍ ti caˇ ve nehˬ-awˍ the two of us nehˬ-aˉ net (for badminton/volleyball) nehˆ go over the net nehˆ hk'oˆ heuˬ-e ve tie the net in place nehˆ hpeh ve take the net down nehˆ yuˬ yaꞈ ve be wet; moist nehˆ ve my hands are wet; i have wet hands. ngaˬ laꞈ sheh nehˆ ve wet with water iˉ kaˆ nehˆ ve the brain uˉ nawꞈ nehˆ a wet mass (clay, saliva, snot, etc.) awˬ tehˆ nehˆ rot from too much moisture; get wet and rotten kuiˇ nehˆ ve breast cuˉ nehˆ mud; wet earth jeꞈ nehˆ a swamp nawˉ (nehˆ) pehˍ be soaking wet nawꞈ nehˆ, nawꞈ nawꞈ nehˆ nehˆ ve damp; humid; moist nehˆ nawꞈ-ehˬ get pulverized; be reduced to fragments; shatter nehˆ ve shatter by stabbing/poking juˆ nehˆ ve shake something to bits tawˆ nehˆ ve ground meat tawˆ nehˆ aˍ ve awˬ shaˍ shatter underfoot; smash by stepping on naˆ nehˆ ve knock over and smash nawˉ nehˆ ve chop up fine; mince peuˆ nehˆ ve chew up fine behˇ nehˆ ve stir into mush g'awˆ nehˆ ve knead into a pulp yeꞈ nehˆ ve powdery nehˆ-ehˬ (your) father and mother; your mommy and daddy (used when talking to children) a pa a nehꞈ green; blue; blue-green naw green leaves naw ve suhˆ hpaꞈ yellowish green; greenish brown shi naw deep green; deep blue naw naˆ to rock something; move something back and forth naw ve put to sleep by rocking naw iˉ ve salamander naw yawˬ knock over; uproot nawˉ ve knock over; push down nawˉ paˍ ve shore up; support from below; prop up nawˉ ve give someone a bribe of money hpu nawˉ piˇ ve give someone a gift as a bribe laꞈ shawn nawˉ ve back nawˉ back; behind hk'awꞈ nawˉ pool; swarm; lagoon nawnˉ water lily; lotus nawnˉ bo veˆ green, blue nawˉ-ehˬ get bruised black and blue nawˉ-ehˬ chawˇ nawˬ k'ai ve to awaken from sleep; be awake, conscious, aware nawˇ ve are you still awakeˉ nawˇ chehˇ aw shawˍ laˇ, nawˬ have the sense to (v) (v) (ve) hkawˇ nawˇ ve not have the sense to throw it away baˬ (ve) hkawˇ maˇ nawˇ you're totally unreasonable! chaw hkawˇ maˇ nawˇ, nawˬ awaken, wake up, regain consciousness; come to realize; come to understand nawˇ la ve be dazzed and confused maˇ nawˇ maˇ hteh be dizzy; have one's head spin oˉ k'oˍ maˇ nawˇ naˇ hteh realize; be conscious of something; keep in mind; remember; miss someone dawˇ nawˇ ve hey, i really missed you a lot! aaˇ nawˬ htaꞈ dawˇ nawˇ jaˇ wake up from sleep zuhꞈ nawˇ la ve glue, gum aˉ nawˇ you nawˬ i'm not accusing you! nawˬ aꞈ maˇ ca taˍ laˇ all by yourself; yourself nawˬ hk'aˇ nawˬ didn't you do it of your own free willˉ nawˬ hk'aˇ nawˬ te ve maˇ heˆ laˇ ไม่ใช่คุณทำคนเดียวหรือ all of us; we inclusive nawˬ ngaˬ hui คุณ และพวกเรา your (n) nawˬ ve (n) ของคุณ your father nawˬ pa พ่อของคุณ (sarcastically used to indicate something is impossible for you to do) you're father!; you and what army! nawˬ pa tiˉ yoˬ พ่อของคุณเท่านั้น your words; what you say nawˬ hkawˇ you're talking nonsense! nawˬ hkawˇ tiˉ yoˬ เป็นเพียงคำพูดขอ งคุณเท่านั้น for your sake; for your benefit nawˬ uˉ nawˬ ta ทำแทน your animals nawˬ ceˇ nawˬ caˬ สัตว์เลี้ยงของคุณ your grandparents; your father-in-law; your mother-in-law nawˬ puˍ nawˬ pi บรรพบุรุษของคุณ be stale; wilt, wither nawˬ ve ของคุณ get stale nawˬ k'ai ve เหี่ยวเฉา gourd-flute nawˍ ขลุ่ย flute music; sound of the gourd-flute nawˍ hkawˇ เสียงขลุ่ย blow the gourd-flute nawˍ meuˆ ve ขลุ่ยน้ำเต้า awaken someone nawˍ piˇ veˬ nawˍ laˇ ve ตื่น start an engine; turn on a machine caꞈ nawˍ ve เปิดเครื่อง wake someone up nawˍ tu ve ให้ตื่น have a sad expression on one's face mehˆ hpfuhˇ nawˍ-ehˬ te ve มืหน้าเศ้รา have a pinched and worried expression mehˆ hpfuhˇ nawˍ tiˆ te ve หน้าที่แสดงถึงความเป็นหวัง bean nawꞈ ถั่ว lentil; pigeon pea hk'awꞈ zuh nawˆ shiˍ peanut miˬ nawˆ ถั่ว bean kernal, a bean nawˆ (awˬ) shiˍ ถั่วหนึ่งลูก soy sauce nawˆ hk'ehˇ g'uiˬ ซอสถั่วเหลือง soybean nawˆ hk'ehˇ shiˍ ถั่วเหลือง "rotten bean"; tua nao nawˆ kuiˇ ถั่วเน่า harvest beans nawˆ jawꞈ ve kidney bean nawˆ taˆ shiˍ, nawˆ nyiˉ shiˍ green pea nawˆ teuˉ shiˍ beansprout nawˆ yeˬ grow something on one's self, bear fruit nawꞈ ve เกิดผล have hair; have fur; have feathers awˬ mvuh nawꞈ ve มีผม มีขน have wings toˍ laꞈ k'uˉ nawꞈ ve มีบีก junction; point of connection tcuhˉ nawꞈ kuiˬ จุดที่าบรรจบกัน tremble slightly nawꞈ ve สั่นนิดๆ be well-cooked; soft enough to eat nawꞈ ve สุกดี นุ่ม not get soft and edible when boiled; not be boiled soft enough caˉ maˇ nawꞈ weigh/balance against each other; compare weight of two things neuˇ ve เทียบน้ำหนัก try and compare the weight; balance and see (which is heavier) neuˇ nyi ve เทียบน้ำหนักดู official; lord; chief naiˇ นาย princess naiˇ ma เจ้าหญิง forefathers; ancestors puˇ naiˇ (lonˉ) บรรพบุรุษ be slow naiˇ ve ช้า go slowly naiˇ (naiˇ) k'ai ve ไปช้าๆ speak slowly naiˇ chaweh yaw ve พูดช้าๆ trudge along in a daze naiˇ naiˇ jaw-e jaw-e te juˇ ve something green and tender (a plant) naweh vegetables of all kinds g'awˇ hpaꞈ mvuhˬ naweh ผักทั่วไป fresh new bamboo vaˇ nawehˬ tuˬ หน่อไม้ไผ่ target pa เป้า shoot at target; have target practice pa caw ve, pa caw jawˬ ve ยิงเป้า do target practice with a gun naˆ pa caw ve ปืนยิงเป้า set up a target pa teh ve วางเป้า set up several targets pa laiˉ maˬ teh ve วางเป้าหลายอัน shoot at a target pa bawˆ ve ยิงสลับกัน shoot at a target with a crossbow hk'aˆ pa bawˆ ve แลกธนูกันยิง hut; small house set up in fields, hunting campsite pan เต็น, กระโจม build a hut to stay in in the fields heh hk'aw pan te chehˇ ve สร้างกระท่อมในไร่ build a hut to stay in when hunting shaˍ bawˆ pan te chehˇ ve hut lived in when tending cattle nuˇ pan คอกวัว one hut; a hut pan teˇ pan กระท่อมหนึ่งหลัง daddy; papa (child language) pa pa พ่อ relatives on one's father's side; paternal lineage pa hpawˇ exchange; trade; barter pa ve เปลี่ยน, แลก change one's job kanˉ pa ve เปลี่ยนงาน ask to exchange something na pa ve แลกคำถาม change money hpu pa ve แลกเงิน breathe shaˉ pa ve หายใจ return something to be exchanged pa hk'awꞈ ve เปลี่ยนคืน exchange something for something else, switch things around pa daꞈ ve เปลี่ยนกัน shuffle cards hpaiˍ pa daꞈ ve สับไพ่ hide something by changing its location, change something (from former state) pa faˉ ve เปลี่ยนที่ซ่อง reverse the front and back; turn completely around oˉ k'oˍ hk'ehˇ hk'aw pa ve กลับหัว change one's appearance awˬ hkiˇ pa ve เปลี่ยนเครื่องแต่งตัว for one's voice to change awˬ hkawˇ pa ve เปลี่ยนเสียน change one's mind, have a change of heart nyi ma pa ve เปลี่ยนใจ cause something to be changed pa piˇ htaiˍ piˇ ve เปลี่ยนผ้า change someone's clothes veuꞈ k'aˇ pa piˇ htaiˍ piˇ ve เปลี่ยนเสื้อผ้า take turns; switch with one another pa daꞈ ve เปลี่ยนกัน change jobs with each other; work in shifts kanˉ pa daꞈ ve เปลี่ยนงานกัน take turns working for each other g'aˇ pa daꞈ ve เปลี่ยนแรงงาน to (v) by turns pa (v) daꞈ ve use something by turns; take turns using something pa yehˇ ve เปลี่ยนใช้ fish pa, ngaˇ ปลา canned fish; tinned fish pa kaˆ ปลากระป๋อง kind of sucker fish pa kehˬ pa caˆ ปลาดูด kind of fish pa kawˍ laˉ ปลาหลี kind of dried salted fish pa htuˇ ปลาทู kind of small, edible black fish pa daˇ k'oˍ ปลาก้า small, thin, smooth white fish pa nai ปลาไน eel; swamp eel pa yeˬ ปลาไหล softshelled turtle pa faˉ ตะพาบน้ำ whale pa vaˬ ปลาวาฬ catfish pa luˆ ปลาดุก dolphin pa lo ma ปลาโลมา broadcast; announce on the radio pa kaꞈ ประกาศ because of; due to; thanks to pa taw เพราะ for this reason; therefore; thus chi ve pa taw เพราะเหตุนี้ since it's an emergency hteuˉ ti ve pa taw จำเป็น whyˉ for what reasonˉ aˬ htoꞈ ma (htaꞈ) pa taw le เพราะอะไร they died because they had nothing to eat. yawˇ hui caˇ tuˬ maˇ cawˬ ve pa taw (leh) suh peuˬ-oˬ เขาตายหมดเพราะไม่มีอาหารกิน rabbit; hare pa taiˇ กระต่าย problem pan haˉ ปัญหา have a problem; for there to be problems pan haˉ cawˬ ve มีปัญหา don't let there be any problems. pan haˉ taˇ cawˬ tcuh อย่าให้มีปัญหา black lahu (as called by red or yellow lahu) pa liˉ side; part paˉ ด้าน that side oˇ paˉ ด้านนั้น on which sideˉ hk'awˬ paˉ ด้านไหน this side choˬ paˉ ด้านนี้ on this side of the road yaꞈ k'aw choˬ paˉ awˍ ถนนด้านนี้ rear; back side awˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ paˉ ด้านหลัง front awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ paˉ ด้านหน้า area; region; part paˉ hpawˇ that area over there oˇ paˉ hpawˇ ฝั่งโน้น clf for one of a pair; for sides; for aspects; for parties, factions paˉ, hpawˇ ฝั่ง, ฝ่าย one shoe hkuiˉ nawˆ teˇ paˉ รองเท้าข้างเดียว this team of ball-players bawˉ shiˍ dawˆ paˍ chi teˇ paˉ ผู้เล่นฟุตบอลทีมนี้ grasshopper paˉ ceꞈ ตั๊กแตน grasshopper leg paˉ ceꞈ hkui ขาตั๊กแตน gear and trigger lever (part of a rifle mechanism) paˉ ceꞈ hkui kuˇ ขาดีดตั๊กแตน locust paˉ ceꞈ lonˉ ตั๊กแตน dung beetle; flying horned beetle paˉ nuˇ แมลงกุดจี่ katydid; locust paˉ bo lo, piˉ bo lo จิ้งหรีด flattened; flat and elongated paˉ-ehˍ เรียบแบน have a flattened head oˉ k'oˍ paˉ-ehˍ te ve ทำให้หัวแบน (walk all) bent over paˉ paˉ (te toˇ ve) ด้อมๆ มองๆ tadpole paˉ pehˬ k'u ลูกอ๊อด be thin; be sharp; be keen paˇ ve บาง this kind of paper is very thin. htawˇ g'euˆ chi teˇ ceuˬ paˇ jaˇ กระดาษอย่างนี้บางมาก have keen hearing naˍ paw paˇ ve หูเบา bring someone along; take another person along with one paˇ ve เอาคนอื่นไปด้วย thin; scrawny; sharp paˇ-ehˍ บาง be utterly without strength (strength-soft-breath-thin) g'aˇ nuˇ shaˉ paˆ กำลัง bring someone along; join others in doing something paˇ ve ร่วมกับคนอื่น study in a group paˇ henˇ ve เลียนแบบ have one's fate determined by the lines in one's palm laꞈ hk'aˇ aꞈ paˇ ve nearby place; vicinity paˇ ใกล้ shore of a lake g'uiˬ po paˇ ใกล้บ่อ near the road; at the roadblock yaꞈ k'aw paˇ lo ใกล้ทาง near the house yehˬ paˇ neˇ บ้านใกล้ don't come near me! ngaˬ paˇ neˇ taˇ laˬ อย่าเช้ามาใกล้ฉัน it's almost finished. peuˬ paˇ neˇ gaˬ la-oˬ ใกล้จะหมดแล้ว imminence; nearly, almost la paˇ neˇ มาใกล้ lower part of the face; chin; jaw; cheek paˇ ใกล้ whiskers; a bushy beard paˇ k'awˍ buiˇ เคราแหลม, หนวดแมว chin paˇ k'euˆ leuˆ, paˇ pi (li) คาง jaw; cheek paˇ kaˇ คาง have a dislocated jaw paˇ kaˇ htaw keu-e ve ขากรรไกรค้าง beard; moustache; whiskers paˇ tcuhˆ หนวด dewlap paˇ jaˇ laˇ เหนียงสัตว์ drool; slobber paˇ g'uiˬ น้ำลายเหย pretend to (v); feign (v)ing (v) paˇ-ehˍ te ve แกล้งทำ pretend to be reading a book liꞈ g'aw paˇ-ehˍ te ve แกล้งอ่านหนังสือ give false praise; flatter someone chiˇ mvuh paˇ-ehˍ te ve แกล้งสรรเสริญ pretend to be sleeping zuhꞈ-e paˇ-ehˍ tiˉ te ve แกล้งหลับ feign ignorance; pretend not to know maˇ shiˍ paˇ-ehˍ te ve ทำไม่รู้ไม่ชี้ penetrate; go through paˬ ve hiccups as an illness paˬ euˆ a naˬ โรคสะอึก frog; toad paˍ กบ there are plenty of frogs around here. choˬ kaꞈ paˍ peh jaˇ ที่นี่มีกบเยอะ kind of a frog paˍ koˆ อึ่งอ่าง kind of a toad paˍ chuˇ k'oˆ คางคก kind of small frog paˍ tehˉ nehˆ เขียด frog's eggs; tapioca paˍ tehˉ nehˆ u ไข่เขียด tadpole paˍ diˬ k'uˉ ลูกอ๊อด salamander paˍ yawˬ nyi สัตว์คล้ายกิ้งก่า fall over; fall flat from an upright position paˍ ve, paˍ-e ve ล้ม fell with a shot; shoot down bawˆ paˍ-e ve ยิงล้ม slip and fall leˆ paˍ-e ve ลื่นล้ม fall crashing down; fall from a height and end up flat paˍ-oˍ kaꞈ ce ve ล้มแล้วตก prop something up to keep it from falling paˍ-eh ve, paˍ ngeh ve เอนหลัง fall into; fall in someone's way paˍ keu ve ล้มใส่ fall into a liquid paˍ tuˍ ve ตกน้ำ be crushed by a falling object paˍ teˍ ve ล้มทับ fall over and stay put; remain where fell paˍ teh ve โค่นล้ม be able to fall paˍ puiˉ ve ล้มได้ fall face down; fall on one's face paˍ bawˆ ve หมอบยิง fall over and spill (as liquid in a container) paˍ sheˆ ve ล้มแล้วหก a male; masculine noun-suffix; nominalizer (neutral as to gender) paˍ ผู้, เพศผู้ buyer; customer vuiˬ paˍ ผู้ซื้อ all who want to go hk'a k'ai gaˇ paˍ ผู้อยากไป a non-smoker shuˉ maˇ dawˬ paˍ ผู้ไม่สูบบุหรี่ someone who knows how to swim iˉ kaˆ lawehˇ puiˉ paˍ ผู้ว่ายน้ำเป็น something wild; forest; woods paˍ rotor; propeller paˍ gaˍ that rotor is spinning around fast. paˍ gaˍ oˇ ve gehˬ miˇ chehˇ ve mouth-organ; harmonica; accordion paˍ jaˍ หีบเพลง pimple; acne paˍ zuhꞈ shiˍ สิว dragon fly paˍ paˍ k'uˉ tu nyi แมลงปอ door; gateway paˍ tu ประตู civet cat; tree civet; palm civet paˍ viˇ อีเห็น police paˍleˆ, taꞈ noꞈ ตำรวจ kind of tall grass found in old fields paˍ lawˇ pitfall paˆ พัง trap game by a pitfall paˆ teh ve พัง crack; come undone; collapse; fall apart paˆ ve พัง collapse and come falling down paˆ ce la ve พังลงมา undermine by digging; dig under something so it topples duˇ paˆ ve ขุดพัง house collapses yehˬ paˆ ve บ้านพัง have a landslide; have an earthquake jeꞈ paˆ ve ดินพัง threads come unravelled awˬ hkeh lawˆ paˆ-e ve ผ้าลุ่ย (animist) order, command, ordain paˆ ve fated; ordained; established (animist) paˆ taˍ ve พังแล้ว verb intensifier paˆ (v) ve cry bitterly; wail; sob paˆ hawˬ ve ร้องให้คร่ำครวญ trickling copiously paˆ shoˇ ใหลย้อย be (adj) to an unequal degree (adj) paˆ (adj) paˆ to be of unequal size paˆ uiˍ paˆ i k'ai ve ขนาดเล็กขนาดใหญ่ be of unequal lengths paˆ zuhˬ paˆ ngeh hpehꞈ ve ไม่เท่ากัน wrap a child in a cloth; ferment, become fermented pi ve หมัก carry around a child wrapped in a cloth yaˇ pi pfuhˇ ve สะพายลูก when liquor is fermenting little bubbles come out. tzuhˬ pi chehˇ htaˇ awˬ fuˇ ehˉ tawˆ la ve string/cord used as fastener pi strap; sash; belt awˬ pi caˆ เช็มขัด string coiled around an object to hold it together guˉ pi กระเป๋าเงิน belt of trousers; sash around middle; girdle haˍ pi caˆ เข็มขัด spurt; squirt out; cause to squirt out piˉ ve urinate; piss tzuhˇ piˉ ve ปัจสาวะ squirt a liquid into something piˉ pfuhˍ ve ปัจสาวะรด spurting; squirting; gushing piˉ-ehˍ blood spurts out awˬ suhˍ piˉ-ehˍ te tawˆ la ve เลือดพุ่ง urinate, pee (childish) piˉ piˉ te ve ทำให้ปัจสาวะ(เด็ก) castrate, sterilize piˉ ve ตอน cut off the testicles, castrate nyiˍ shiˍ piˉ ve ทำให้เป็นขันที a eunuch piˉ taˍ ve chaw ขันที chopping-block; chopping board shaˍ piˉ htawˆ เขียง clam; bivalve piˉ kaw-eˍ หอย clam-shell piˉ kaw-eˍ awˬ hoˆ เปลือกหอย pearl piˉ kaw-eˍ shehnˉ หอยมุก hill tribe, 'spirits of the yellow leaves' piˉ tawn leuˉ, hpiˉ tawn leuˉ ผีตองเหลือง very low stool piˉ htawˆ ม้านั่ง, ม้ารองเข่า long, low stool piˉ htawˆ zuhˬ ve ม้านั่ง cockroach piˉ pa แมลงสาบ cockroaches live in people's houses. piˉ pa teˇ ceuˬ lehˬ chaw yaˇ ve yehˬ aꞈ chehˇ ve beetle crab g'uiˬ piˉ pa แมงดา donkey piˉ laˬ ku ตัวลา give; spend on; pay for piˇ ve ให้ don't give this big knife to a child. yaˇ ehˉ aꞈ aˉ htaw lonˉ chi taˇ piˇ อย่าให้มีดใหญ่กับเด็ก encourage someone; urge/stimulate someone awˬ g'aˇ piˇ ve ให้กำลัง spend money; pay for with money hpu piˇ ve ให้เงิน how much does a car like this costˉ lawˍ liˍ chi teˇ ceuˬ hk'aˬ ma g'a piˇ ve le รถนี้ให้เท่าไหร่ i haven't finished paying for this car yet. lawˍ liˍ chi ngaˬ maˇ piˇ peuˬ sheˍ รถนี้ยังจ่ายไม่หมด exert power kanˇ paˆ piˇ ve ให้อำนาจ wielder of power kanˇ paˆ piˇ shehˍ hpaˇ ผู้ให้อำนาจ be generous piˇ puiˉ ve ใจกว้าง a generous person shu htaꞈ piˇ puiˉ ve chaw คนใจกว้าง give (non-third person) piˇ laˇ ve ให้ i'll give it to you. ngaˬ nawˬ htaꞈ piˇ laˇ tuˬ yoˬ ฉันจะให้คุณ (v) for the benefit of 3rd person; (v) so a third person is affected (v) piˇ ve don't scold other people. shu aꞈ taˇ deˇ piˇ< อย่าดุเขา tell that to him. yawˇ aꞈ chi hk'e k'oˆ piˇ< give them a bath everyday! teˇ nyi le le iˉ kaˆ hehˉ piˇ< อาบน้ำให้ทุกวัน make it fall; drop something ce piˇ ve make him fat chu piˇ ve ทำให้อ้วน make him die; let him die suh piˇ ve ทำให้ตาย let this get finished first. chi peuˬ piˇ sheˍ causative particle piˇ lawˬ ทำให้เกิด cause to be dirty; defile chaꞈ chiˆ piˇ lawˬ ทำให้สกปรก preserve something in tact; make something firm yeˬ piˇ lawˬ ve ทำให้มั่นคน have (him) come in loꞈ piˇ lawˬ ve ให้เข้ามา cause to come dwell chehˇ la piˇ lawˬ ให้อยู่ indicates encouragement; urging; exhortation (for action impinging on a third person object) piˇ-oˆ please don't act that way to them. chi hk'e taˇ te piˇ-oˆ อย่าทำอย่างนี้นะ treat them properly as friends awˬ chawˇ hk'a dehꞈ te piˇ-oˆ เป็นเพื่อนดีๆนะ please help explain to him nicely everything he wants to know. yawˇ hk'a shiˍ gaˇ ve teˇ hpaˍ a ciˉ hk'a dehꞈ ga hto piˇ-oˆ mehˍ บอกสิ่งที่เขาอยากรู้หน่อยนะ may the blessings of god be upon your village. g'uiˬ sha ve awˬ bon nawˬ hui teˇ hk'aˆ awˬ hk'oˇ cawˬ piˇ-oˆ พระเจ้าอวยพรให้หมู่บ้านของคุณ shan piˇ chawˇ ไทยใหญ่ shan state piˇ chawˇ miˬ guiˬ แผ่นดินไทยใหญ่ shan-style trousers, loose pants with very wide waste piˇ chawˇ haˍ htaw การเกงไทยใหญ่ come loose; fall piˬ ve ล่วง hair comes loose awˬ mvuh piˬ ve ผมล่วง shed fur, feathers shaˍ mvuh piˬ ve ขนล่วง leaves fall suhˆ hpaꞈ piˬ (ce) ve ใบไม้ล่วง fall; autumn suhˆ hpaꞈ piˬ yanˇ ฤดูใบไม้ล่วง come loose and fall piˬ k'ai ce k'ai ล่วงโรย roast (by holding over the fire) piˬ ve ย่าง roasted meat shaˍ piˬ aˍ ve ย่างเนื้อ roast meat on a bamboo frame by the fire shaˍ piˬ piˬ ve ย่างเนื้อ roast and eat (fish) (ngaˇ shaˍ) piˬ caˇ ve ย่างปลากิน roasting-stick; skewer piˬ tuˬ ตะแกง oak piˬ oak tree piˬ cehˬ acorn piˬ shiˍ education; wisdom; culture; talent pinˬ yaˬ, pinˬ yaˬ cuˇ yiˍ cricket piˬ paˍ จิ้งโกร่ง hunt for crickets at night piˬ paˍ she ve จับจิ้งโกร่ง color fades awˬ shiˉ piˍ (k'ai) ve สีซีด get old piˍ la ve เก่าขึ้น be old piˍ ve เก่า old shirt aˉ poꞈ piˍ เสื้อเก่า old (n) (object) (n) piˍ เก่า, แก่ footstep; pace piˍ ฝีเท้า, ก้าว one step awˬ piˍ teˇ piˍ ก้าวเท้าหนึ่งก้าว container; clf for basketful piˆ kerosene tin; gasoline can piˆ k'oˍ ถัง, ปิ๊บ accurate; clear; well articulated piꞈ ve ชัดเจน he speaks very clearly. yawˇ tawˇ yaw ve piꞈ jaˇ เขาพูดชัดเจนมาก speak incorrectly; mumble one's words yaw maˇ piꞈ พูดไม่ชัด clearly and well piꞈ daꞈ ve ชัดเจนดี have a way with words; be highly articulate naˬ piꞈ cawˬ ve มีศิลปในการพูด machine-made cloth piꞈ hpa ผ้าลินิน roll; tumble down pu ve กลิ้ง the bear, having rolled over once... yehˬ teˇ hpuˆ pu sheˍ leh... go rolling along pu-e ve กลิ้ง tracks (left by vehicle or person) pu-e hk'aˇ รอยกลิ้ง for a car to be overturned kaˇ pu-e ve รถคว่ำ push something over; push something so it rolls over caꞈ pu ve ผลัก roll something pu peu ve กลิ้งลงไป slide down (a slope, incline, etc.) pu leˆ te ve ไถลลง get bloated; swell up; inflate pu ve have a bloated belly g'oˇ peˬ pu ve ท้องอืด inflate by blowing meuˆ pu ve เป่าลม, พองตัว blown up; inflated; puffed up pu-ehˍ พอง bush; clump; small tree pu พุ่มไม้ share; portion; fraction pun ส่วน two-thirds of the field heh shehˆ pun nyiˇ pun สองส่วนสามไร่ one-eighth of the monthly wages ha pa hpuˇ hiˉ pun teˇ pun เงินเดือนหนึ่งส่วนแปด six divided by three equals two. hk'awꞈ htaꞈ shehˆ maˬ teˇ pun pehˬ k'o nyiˇ hpehꞈ ve be twice as big nyiˇ pun uiˍ ve ใหญ่สองเท่า to double; become twice as much/many nyiˇ pun maˇ la ve มากสองเท่า we have to pay back double as compensation. nyiˇ pun g'a k'awꞈ saiˍ ve yoˬ ใช้คืนสองส่วน insect; bug; vermin puˉ black ant puˉ g’awˆ naˆ small red ant puˉ g’awˆ niˉ larva; microbe; germ awˬ pfuhˇ ma stinkbug pfuhˇ tcuhˍ lawꞈ earthworm; intestinal worm pfuhˇ tiˬ hookworm pfuhˇ tiˬ k’uˉ wrinkles; creases pfuhˇ tiˬ hk’aˇ inchworm pfuhˇ htu kind of white grub pfuhˇ hpu ma termite pfuhˇ g’uˇ a termite can’t stand in the way of an elephant. (proverb) pfuhˇ g’uˇ haw tawˍ aˇ g’aˇ slug; snail pfuhˇ shehˍ aˉ loꞈ k’uˉ any of several kinds of bugs that eat leaves, wood, or bamboo (silkworms, weevils, etc.) pfuhˇ shehˍ ma small weevil pfuhˇ sheh ma ehˉ flying ant; termite w/ wings pfuhˇ faˍ, pfuhˇ faiˍ termites go in swarms pfuhˇ faˍ awˬ hawˍ dawˇ k’ai ve silkworm; silk pfuhˇ raise silkworms pfuhˇ hu ve silk cloth pfuhˇ hpa silk clothing pfuhˇ veuꞈ have tooth decay ciˬ pfuhˇ caˇ ve betel-vine pfuhˇ carry; bear; carry on the back pfuhˇ ve carry a jewsharp aˉ htaˇ pfuhˇ ve wear a knife; carry a knife aˉ htaw pfuhˇ ve for one’s flesh to sag awˬ shaˍ pfuhˇ ve bear a responsibility awˬ vuiˬ pfuhˇ ve fasten to the back to carry tcuhˉ pfuhˇ ve bear a debt; owe a debt jeˬ pfuhˇ ve carry back something pfuhˇ k’oˬ ve carry into; carry and put into pfuhˇ keu ve carry something around pfuhˇ caw ve portable object; something that can be carried around pfuhˇ toˇ tuˬ portable typewriter liꞈ bvuhꞈ caꞈ pfuhˇ toˇ tuˬ (ve) rock while carrying around (an infant) pfuhˇ naw ve bearer; carrier pfuhˇ shehˍ hpaˇ the bearer of this letter liꞈ chi ve pfuhˇ shehˍ hpaˇ carry something around in readiness pfuhˇ faˬ ve (clf) basketful pfuhˇ kerosene tin pfuhˇ k’oˍ pail; bucket iˉ kaˆ pfuhˇ k’oˍ sugarcane pfuhˇ chaw harvest sugarcane pfuhˇ chaw tawˆ ve people don’t die under pepper bushes, they die under sugarcane. (proverb) aˉ hpeꞈ cehˬ hawˉ chaw maˇ suh – pfuhˇ chaw cehˬ hawˉ chaw suh ve be frayed puˬ ve, puˬ-ehˬ a frayed stick aˉ taˬ puˬ when you’ve used a shirt for a long time it gets frayed. aˉ poꞈ teˇ hk’oˆ yehˇ maw k’o puˬ-ehˬ k’ai law tassel; pompom (as on hmong hat) pfuhˬ lower parts of the body; hips; loins; thighs pfuhˬ inner side of thighs; loins; groin pfuhˬ kaˍ hipbone; the hip area pfuhˬ koˆ baˉ groin; hip-joint pfuhˬ tcuhˉ puiˍ have one’s bottom get numb pfuhˬ chuˇ ve hip socket pfuhˬ tiˉ hk’aˆ shiˍ the thighs; one’s lap pfuhˬ teh k’u with a limp pfuhˬ neˆ to limp pfuhˬ neˆ pfuhˬ neˆ k’ai ve to hop pfuhˬ neˆ pfuhˬ neˆ te ve limp along; walk with a limp pfuhˬ laˆ pfuhˬ laˆ k’ai ve messy; sloppy pfuhˬ geu have unkempt hair oˉ k’oˍ pfuhˬ geu te ve sulfur spring; hot spring punˍ, ponˍ hot springs punˍ g’uiˬ spray; squirt; splash; apply a liquid to pfuhˍ ve squirt water on; to water (a plant) iˉ kaˆ pfuhˍ ve pour something onto ngeuˬ pfuhˍ ve spit on; spray w/ saliva ciˉ g’uiˇ hpeꞈ pfuhˍ ve splash each other dawˆ pfuhˍ daꞈ ve squirt onto piˉ pfuhˍ ve squirt onto something pfuhˍ piˇ ve anoint with oil naˍ manˇ pfuhˍ piˇ ve extinguish by squirting pfuhˍ pehˍ ve put out a fire (with water) aˬ miˍ pfuhˍ pehˍ ve put out a fire with water iˉ kaˆ pfuhˍ pehˍ ve dike around a paddy field ti mi hpfuhˍ tehˇ throw light; radiate light onto; shine brightly; reflect light awˬ g’euˇ pfuhˍ ve throw with force; hurl baˬ pfuhˍ ve throw a ball back and forth bawˉ shiˍ baˬ pfuhˍ daꞈ ve pick up something and throw g’awˆ pfuhˍ ve to bloom pfuhˍ ve a flower blooms awˬ veˆ pfuhˍ ve a blossom awˬ veˆ pfuhˍ cause to carry pfuhˍ ve have someone carry things shu aꞈ mawˇ pfuhˍ piˇ ve give someone a responsibility; lay a burden on someone awˬ vuiˬ pfuhˍ ve put the blame on someone she pfuhˍ ve lay a curse on someone hkeu pfuhˍ piˇ ve put a load on someone’s back pfuhˍ piˇ ve wind (thread) onto gaˍ pfuhˍ ve tie/fasten something onto someone and make/let him wear/carry it hpeh pfuhˍ ve fasten a silver chain (around someone’s neck) to wear hpu caˆ aꞈ hpeh pfuhˍ ve grandfather; father-in-law puˍ grandfather awˬ puˍ lonˉ once upon a time in the days of our forefathers aˬ sho-eˬ puˍ co-e pi co-e teˇ yanˇ kaˍ ruffled; tousled; puffed up (hair, feathers) puˍ-ehˬ unwind; unravel puˆ ve clf for gust of wind, a shower of rain puˆ a gust of wind mvuhˇ haw teˇ puˆ verse in a song or poem; stanza puˆ spleen pe flaring to a wide end; smaller at the root and bigger at the tip peˉ-ehˬ ve change something; transmutate peˍ ve change one’s name awˬ meh peˍ ve he can even change his bodily shape. yawˇ awˬ to kaꞈ peˍ puiˉ ve you have to keep changing the water every week. iˉ kaˆ teˇ shinˉ le le g’a peˍ tcuhˉ taˍ ve yoˬ. change; be transmuted peˍ ve pa ve unchanging; changeless; immutable maˇ peˍ maˇ pa clf for ‘feet’ unit of measurement peˍ be 72 feet long suhˍ chi nyiˇ peˍ zuhˬ ve clf for slice; piece of land; country peˆ piece of meat shaˍ peˆ a country mvuhˇ miˬ teˇ peˆ a piece of land miˬ guiˬ teˇ peˆ split; crack; get cracked peꞈ ve this plate is cracked! hkehˇ chi teˇ maˬ peꞈ aˬ law skin splits; skin gets chapped awˬ shaˍ peꞈ ve present with; favor with; grant; bestow peꞈ piˇ ve, peꞈ laˇ ve odor; smell peꞈ gallop of horses po ve ride at a gallop ciˇ po ve have a horserace iˉ mvuhˇ po enˍ daꞈ ve for the sake of (n) (n) pon for his sake yawˇ pon clf for receptacles, baskets, wallet, envelopes po stove aˬ miˍ po lake; large body of water nawˉ po fishpond ngaˇ nawˉ po beehive pehˇ po lake; pond; puddle g’uiˬ po leather wallet shaˍ g’uiˬ po envelope liꞈ po large loosely woven basket; cage for birds or other small animals po k’oˍ cardboard box; carton htawˇ g’euˆ po k’oˍ pool (as in a stream) iˉ kaˆ g’uiˬ po lo tin can; receptacle; enclosed body of water po lo clf for drops po kind of owl; or bat (red lahu) poˉ poˆ to fly poˬ ve go flying through the sky mvuhˇ hpe poˬ-e ve go flying poˬ k’ai ve fly downward poˬ ce ve fly upwards poˬ taˆ-e ve fly out of poˬ tawˆ-e ve fly through something poˬ pawnˍ ve the bird tried to fly through the glass. ngaˆ chi mehˆ g’euˆ aꞈ poˬ pawnˍ a tehˬ te ve be about to fly; about to take off poˬ la ve airplane caꞈ poˬ pass; pass by; go past ponˬ ve pass over; go on past something ponˬ k’ai ve let someone pass by ponˬ tcuh ve when the time is up; when the time has run out awˬ yanˇ ponˬ k’ai peuˬ k’o (v) endlessly; cannot finish (v) (v) maˇ ponˬ in the past; previously ponˬ la htaˇ we cannot sufficiently express our happiness ha lehˬ kuiˬ ca k’oˆ maˇ ponˬ from the past until today; up to now ponˬ la htaˇ tanˬ leh yaꞈ nyi hk’a gaˬ the past (n); (n) ago ponˬ la ve (n) two years ago ponˬ la ve nyiˇ hk’awꞈ htaˇ be saved from sin venˇ baˆ ponˬ ve arrive safely g’a ponˬ ve safe place; refuge ponˬ kuiˬ save someone from; rescue; deliver ponˬ piˇ ve be freed; be delivered; be at liberty ponˬ peuˬ ve a free person ponˬ ve chaw pass over; except ponˬ veu ve except for (n); if we omit (n) from consideration (n) htaꞈ ponˬ veu k’o exempt; spare from ponˬ laˇ ve, ponˬ piˇ ve be separated and saved from fuiˍ leh ponˬ ve except for (n) (n) htaꞈ ponˬ ve k’o be a nuisance; be insensitive to others ponˬ mawꞈ ponˬ sheˇ transgress; violate; offend against ponˬ leuˉ ve speak out of line; exceed the bounds of propriety of one’s words k’oˆ ponˬ k’oˆ leuˉ ve stumble; lose one’s footing hkui htiˇ ponˬ ve great-great-grandchild ponˍ clf for meals poˬ bat (animal) poˬ naˉ military officer maꞈ poˍ high-ranking officer; general shehnˉ poˍ to crack; crackle; snap; pop poˆ ve snap; make snapping noise poˆ poˆ te ve bomb/grenade explodes aˬ miˍ shiˍ poˆ ve bullet fires naˆ shiˍ poˆ ve to pop corn sha ma poˆ ve to burst open poˆ hkoˇ-e ve explode/fire (esp. accidentally) poˆ tawˆ ve blast something away; chip something poˆ baˬ ve clf for torches or fires poꞈ a torch aˬ miˍ poꞈ a fire aˬ miˍ teˇ poꞈ tie up with a cloth; tie into a cloth bundle peh ve be plentiful; abundant; numerous peh ve that's still plenty. peh aˬ shawˍ there are plenty of leeches in the patty fields. ti mi awˍ veꞈ peh jaˇ law there are plenty of monkeys in the jungle. hehˆ puiˉ hk'aw awˍ mawꞈ peh jaˇ increase; become more numerous peh k'ai ji k'ai ve be plentiful and abundant peh jaˇ maˇ jaˇ one full 12-day week teˇ jaw peh complete a full year's cycle hk'awꞈ zuh ha peh fork; crotch peh cross two objects; cross something over; fold something over pehˉ ve take something and cross it over something else yuˬ pehˉ ve pick up a foot/leg and cross it over the other one hkui sheh htaꞈ yuˬ pehˉ ve fold one's arms laꞈ pehˉ pehˉ ve have one's feet/legs crossed hkui pehˉ daꞈ aˍ ve to spread (a disease) pehˉ k'ai ve be dispersed; scattered pehˉ tiˉ pehˉ shan k'ai ve crossed over each other pehˉ daꞈ ve a disease is contagious a naˬ pehˉ daꞈ ve be adoptive or classificatory siblings awˬ viˉ awˬ ni pehˉ daꞈ ve locative morpheme pehˉ over there; thataway pehˉ aˆ i wonder what that is over yonder. aˬ ma naˍ pehˉ aˆ where is itˉ hk'aˬ pehˉ, hk'awˬ pehˉ swaddling cloth pehˉ keu, yaˇ pehˉ keu filter water through a rag pehˉ keu yuˬ leh iˉ kaˆ che ve all he's wearing is rags. yawˇ veuꞈ ve awˍ pehˉ keu deˇ deˇ yoˬ bee; wasp; hornet; beeswax candle pehˇ red night wasp tcuh pehˇ small brown hornet hpuiˇ pehˇ wasp with yellow/black stripes vaꞈ hk'ehˇ pehˇ bee's egg pehˇ u swarm of bees pehˇ awˬ dawˇ pui beesnest in hollow tree pehˇ k'oˍ beeswax candles pehˇ hk'awˇ nawˍ hk'awˇ bee's nest; hornet's nest pehˇ ku don't shake up the wasps until you get a good fire going! (proverb) i.e.- don't get married until you can afford it aˇ toꞈ aˇ hehˇ k'o pehˇ gaˆ viˉ taˇ hiˆ tree-wasp's next pehˇ gaˇ hpuˇ a bee/bee's sting pehˇ cheꞈ ve queen bee pehˇ jawˇ mawˇ ma burn a candle and stick it onto something pehˇ tuˉ teh ve, pehˇ tuˉ nehˉ ve an animist lahu pehˇ tuˉ paˍ giant wasp with a red head pehˇ tuˬ find a wasp's nest by attaching something to it and following it pehˇ tuˬ ma ve tie a thread to a bee/wasp and follow it throught the jungle to it's hive pehˇ toˍ ve honeycomb pehˇ nawˉ diˬ, pehˇ haˉ beehive; beesnest pehˇ po k'oˍ, pehˇ hpuˇ kind of bee that makes excellent honey pehˇ pui a hive of bees; a swarm of bees pehˇ teˇ hpoˆ honeybee pehˇ ma compartment in a honeycomb pehˇ haˉ awˬ hk'aw beeswax; beeswax candle pehˇ hawˍ candle-wick pehˇ hawˍ hkeh candle-holder pehˇ hawˍ keu kuiˬ bumblebee pehˇ g'uˬ li honey pehˇ g'uiˬ be as sweet as honey pehˇ g'uiˬ hk'e chaw ve stinger of bee pehˇ viˇ, pehˇ awˬ viˇ be stung by a bee pehˇ awˬ viˇ htaꞈ ve raft pehˇ to pole a raft; punt a raft pehˇ htawˍ ve row a raft pehˇ g'awˆ ve drift downstream on a raft pehˇ law ve boat and raft fare haw hpuˇ pehˇ hpuˇ powder pehˇ talcum powder, baby powder pehˇ hawˉ be enough pehˇ ve that's enough already. pehˇ-oˬ i haven't eaten enough yet. awˍ caˇ maˇ pehˇ sheˍ use sparingly; use economically; use just enough of pehˇ yehˇ ve taro pehˇ edible variety of taro chaw pehˇ (sparks) be scattered (awˬ g'euꞈ) pehnˇ ve lovingly; lots of love haꞈ haꞈ pehnˇ pehnˇ peekaboo! pehˇ aˆ get scattered pehˇ-ehˬ k'ai ve divide; share; distribute pehˬ ve distribute to each house; divide among the householders in the village yehˬ aꞈ pehˬ ve cut something up and share it tawˆ pehˬ ve divide up and add to each person's stock pehˬ keu ve share and eat pehˬ caˇ ve apportion something; divide something up; allocate tasks pehˇ toˆ ve sort things out pehˬ teh leuˆ teh ve please give everybody his proper share! pehˬ tawˬ laꞈ tawˬ hk'a dehꞈ je piˇ mehˍ share something out pehˬ tawˆ ve share with one another pehˬ daꞈ ve divide up the work; assign different jobs to different people kanˉ te tuˬ chaw pehˬ daꞈ ve divide up an inheritance awˬ shinˉ pehˬ daꞈ ve share with; distribute pehˬ piˇ ve, pehˬ laˇ ve know how to divide up equally; be discerning pehˬ puiˉ fuiˍ puiˉ divide and take; take one's share pehˬ yuˬ ve share the use of something; use something in common pehˬ yehˇ ve be enough to divide up and enjoy pehˬ lawꞈ hti lawꞈ ve sideways; beside pehˬ sideways; diagonally pehˬ k'awˍ lawˍ hpawˇ relatively level land alongside a river pehˬ jawꞈ= pehˬ le a hillside slope pehˬ baꞈ le sandy area beside a river or lake; lakeshore pehˬ shaˉ sideways pehˬ zuh a snowy slope vaˇ meu-eh pehˬ chicken's breast pehˬ piˬ k'u crop; craw; chest; breast pehˬ pui swelling; protuberance; goiter pehˬ k'u have a goiter pehˬ k'u nawꞈ ve net; web pehˍ set a net-trap; trap with a net pehˍ htaw ve sparkle, crackle (of a fire) pehˆ ve dissipate; lose its power; be tasteless pehˆ ve it's not stale - it tastes fine! maˇ pehˆ mehˬ-aˬ this piece of land is barren now. chi teˇ peˆ pehˆ-oˬ it hasn't faded except of the red. nyiˉ-ehˬ ve maˇ heˆ k'o, maˇ pehˆ k'ai you're good for nothing! nawˬ teˇ g'aˇ pehˆ jaˇ neˍ lose its flavor/taste awˬ cheh pehˆ ve lose its vital forse awˬ shaˉ pehˆ ve too cold; deserted; desolate gawˬ cu gawˬ pehˆ a magic charm loses its power shaˆ pehˆ-e ve tasteless, insipid; barren pehˆ choˆ-o be shallow; slightly concave pehˆ nehˆ it's not shallow - it's deep! maˇ pehˆ nehˆ - naˉ-aˬ tray; shallow dish; saucer hkehˇ pehˆ nehˆ hey, there are some lahu over there! oˇ awˍ laˇhuˍ yaˇ pehˇ-aˆ mud-hole; swamp jeꞈ nehˆ pehˆ= mehꞈ g'uˬ pehˆ charge something; buy something on credit pehˆ caˇ ve be restless; be lascivious pehꞈ ve sexual immorality; promiscuity pehꞈ hk'aˇ show a movie awˬ han pehꞈ maˍ ve clf for unit of money; hundredth of a rupee pehꞈ coins; change pehꞈ shanˍ please change this bill into coins for me. baiˉ chi pehꞈ shanˍ a ciˉ tawˆ a be born; give birth to; be in labor paw ve a baby is born; give birth to a baby ehˉ paw ve a child is born; give birth to a child yaˇ paw ve woman giving birth; woman in childbirth yaˇ paw shehˍ ma she has been in labor for four days now. yaˇ paw be awˇ nyi gaˬ-oˬ the two little girls you have given birth to nawˬ paw taˍ ve yaˇ miˇ ehˉ nyiˇ g'aˇ be born paw ce ve birthday; day of one's birth paw nyi assist someone to give birth (g'a ga) paw piˇ ve midwife yaˇ paw piˇ shehˍ ma give birth with difficulty paw haˍ ve be born easily; be prosperous, well off, fortunate paw sha ve become prosperous paw sha la ve pleasant; comfortable; prosperous paw ve sha ve success; prosperity paw sha kuiˬ rich man paw sha paˍ wealth; all manner of riches paw ta sha ta layers of wealth paw htoˆ sha htoˆ be stillborn; die at birth paw suh ve dead at birth (of child or mother) yaˇ paw suh ve be born; come into the world paw la ve a light shines awˬ g'euˆ paw ve be fixed; permanent (residence) ti paw ve know one's job; work cheerfully and well ha leh paw ve not do things right; be incompetent ha leh maˇ paw a proper sort of person, a good worker ha leh paw ve chaw whatever that guy does, he screws up. yawˇ tiˉ k'o aˬ ma te htawˇ ha leh paw ve maˇ heˆ be flat and rounded paw ve merchant; trader paw kanˬ paˍ priest; spirit-doctor paw hkuˇ kind of conical hat with a pom-pom paw hkuˇ uˉ tcuhˍ high priest paw hkuˇ lonˉ old man (respectful) paw htawˍ man whose engagement has been called off; divorced man; widower paw haˬ paˍ householder; family man; adult man paw heuˇ a, paw heuˇ paˍ sir; boss; mister (respectful address) paw leˬ, paw leˍ lidded basket or box paw k'oˍ woodpecker paw nehˇ snail; slug paw nehꞈ k'awehˍ pocket paw hoˆ tehˉ tomato paw leˬ shiˍ be deaf; be deafening pawˇ be deaf; hurt the ears naˍ paw pawˇ ve deaf person; deaf man naˍ paw pawˇ paˍ mix with; combine; add to; join together pawnˇ ve spell a word liꞈ pawnˇ ve three plus four equals seven. shehˆ maˬ lehˬ awˇ maˬ pawnˇ k'o, suhˍ maˬ hpehꞈ ve say together; form a single word or expression pawnˇ k'oˆ ve do you say these two words togetherˉ chi nyiˇ hkawˇ pawnˇ k'oˆ ve laˇ child of mixed parentage chaw nyiˇ ceuˬ pawnˇ daꞈ taˍ ve awˬ yaˇ ache all over pawnˇ naˬ ve multiply (arithmetic) pawnˇ g'aw ve four times three is twelve. shehˆ maˬ awˇ pawˆ pawnˇ g'aw k'o, teˇ chi nyiˇ maˬ hpehꞈ ve be cheap; inexpensive pawˇ ve the price is cheap. awˬ hpfuhˇ pawˇ aˬ salt isn't expensive here, it's very cheap. choˬ kaꞈ aˉ lehꞈ maˇ hk'aˆ - pawˇ jaˇ blazingly (of a fire) pawˇ-ehˬ a cleared-off area pawˇ yiˬ an infected scab; an ulcer; running sore pawˇ lawˆ k'uˉ be called to be a spirit doctor paw hkuˇ pawˬ la ve to faint ngaˇ pawˍ ve penetrate; go through; reach all the way pawnˍ ve this road doesn't go through; this isn't a through road. yaꞈ k'aw chi teˇ caˆ maˇ pawnˍ a word/language is understood tawˇ hkawˇ pawnˍ ve the meaning gets through; an idea penetrates tcuhˉ kuiˬ pawnˍ ve almost completely comprehensible maˇ chaweh pawnˍ ve our black lahu dialect is mostly understandable to the red lahu dialect. ngaˬ hui laˇhuˍ naˆ hkawˇ maˇ chaweh awˍ ve laˇhuˍ nyiˉ hkawˇ pawnˍ ve yoˬ meaning; significance; explanation pawnˍ-e kuiˬ, pawnˍ kuiˬ seek to fathom the significance of; seek to gain power through understanding pawnˍ ca ve understand each other pawnˍ daꞈ ve reach all the way pawnˍ g'a ve (animist) confess; tell one's inmost thoughts hk'ai pawnˍ ve water goes leaking right through. iˉ kaˆ jaˆ pawnˍ tawˆ-e ve pierce through juˆ pawnˍ ve admit; confess hto pawnˍ ve think something through; penetrate by one's thoughts, inspire dawˇ pawnˍ ve gradually get to the bottom of something by thinking awˬ meuˇ awˬ meuˇ dawˇ pawnˍ la ve listen and understand na pawnˍ ve emphatic declarative particle (yellow lahu) ...yoˬ pawˍ jump pawˆ ve jump rope caˉ hkeh jawꞈ pawˆ ve jump up and hang on pawˆ k'uˉ ve go jumping; gallop pawˆ k'ai ve jump around; dance around noisily pawˆ hk'eˆ ve jump into pawˆ keu ve jump from place to place; dance imitating fencing combat pawˆ hk'ehˬ ve jump around pawˆ cu ve leap; jump high pawˆ cheuˇ ve bounce up and down pawˆ jawˆ ve a ball bounces up bawˉ shiˍ pawˆ taˆ la ve bounce; jump up and down pawˆ hteˆ pawˆ hteˆ te ve jump onto pawˆ naˆ ve jump to a new spot pawˆ peu ve turn and jump; jump in the opposite direction pawˆ hpfuhˆ ve hop around pawˆ lawˆ pawˆ lawˆ te ve come out, be removed; come clean pawˆ ve hey kid, you haven't got the soapsuds off yet - they're still sticking to your hair! yaˇ paˍ-oˬ, nawˬ shaˇ pehˍ hpuˇ maˇ pawˆ sheˍ law - uˉ hkeh mvuh aꞈ ngawˉ taˍ shawˍ time; occasion; instance pawˆ spring-like part of a trap pawˆ have convulsions, a seizure pawꞈ (hpeuꞈ) ve not have convulsions pawꞈ maˇ hpeuꞈ yeah! sure! that's right! yaˬ-oˬ pawꞈ to bow; incline the head pui ve knot; rounded lump-like part pui lui mosquito; insect puiˉ (caˉ k'awˇ) a mosquito puiˉ cheꞈ ve kind of fly puiˉ boˍ ma fly; housefly puiˉ ma k'oˍ gun puiˉ machine gun puiˉ koˆ shotgun puiˉ beu be able to (v); be good at (v)ing; have tendency to (v) (v) puiˉ can read; can count g'aw puiˉ ve pretend to know how to (v); give oneself airs that one can (v) (v) puiˉ muiˬ suh-ehˬ te ve he pretends that he can speak english. yawˇ kaˇlaˇ hpu hkawˇ yaw puiˉ muiˬ suh-ehˬ te ve to the best of one's ability; as much as one can puiˉ ve hpehꞈ ve hk'e be willing and able to do something te puiˉ te hpehꞈ ve be envious; covetous hkawehˉ puiˉ ve a person who habitually does the right thing te daꞈ puiˉ ve chaw be harmful; capable of causing harm te luˬ puiˉ ve be compassionate haꞈ k'aˉ puiˉ ve be careful; attentive sha tiꞈ te puiˉ ve be bashful, timid yaꞈ taw puiˉ ve be shameless; brazen maˇ yaꞈ taw puiˉ be credulous; gullible; be believing; have faith yonˍ puiˉ ve used in warnings; predictions of unpleasant eventualities ...puiˉ-aˬ your dog will eat the meat if you don't watch out. nawˬ hpuiˇ shaˍ caˇ puiˉ-aˬ mehˍ (rain) stops (mvuhˬ yeˬ) puiˇ, peuˇ to comb puiˍ ve comb hair oˉ k'oˍ puiˍ ve a comb puiˍ kaˆ, puiˍ tuˬ comb with a comb puiˍ kaˆ puiˍ ve teeth of a comb puiˍ kaˆ shuˍ be messy; disordered; cluttered puiˍ taˆ ve, puiˍ puiˍ taˆ taˆ ve cluttered; messy puiˍ li puiˍ taˆ this house is an awful mess. yehˬ chi puiˍ li puiˍ taˆ hpehꞈ ve yoˬ send peu ve send/take away (from center of interest) peu-e ve send/bring (to center of interest) peu la ve send someone to (phrase) (phrase) peu ve he says they won't make you go back home. maˇ k'oꞈ-e peu ve ceˇ send someone off on an errand; send someone to do one's bidding tcuh peu ve instruct to leave maˍ peu ve send something in (forward) motion by (v)ing (v) peu ve brush hair away uˉ hkeh mvuh aꞈ gaˆ peu ve send something back hk'awꞈ peu ve push something away caꞈ peu ve set free, release; push something so it flys forward hpehˇ peu ve wind forward; wind up hawˆ peu ve differ; be different peun ve differ from each other peun daꞈ ve cause to be different peun daꞈ tcuh ve trust vt peun ve depend on depend on vt peun ve trust even so peuˇ leh anyway in any case at least anyway peuˇ leh even so in any case at least I can't do it anyway peuˇ leh ngaˬ maˇ te g'a in any case peuˇ leh anyway in any case at least at least peuˇ leh even so in any case anyway