Lahu to English Dictionary Manually compiled Lahu to English dictionary Felix Hanley 001 29-10-2016 29-10-2016 n.noun v.verb jaˇ very (adj or v), many (v) (adj) chaweh (v) to (v) quite (adjˍadv) (adj) daꞈve be (adj) well (adj) paˆ (adj) paˆ be (adj) to an unequal degree (adj) tawˉ(-ehˬ) adjective intensifier (adv) k'ai ve v. hteˇ-ehˬ k'ai ve to become straight ตรงไป to become (adv) (adv) te ve to do or be in a way described by adverbial expression (amount) tanˬ leh awˬ hk'oˇ taˆ-e ve upwards of, more than (awˬ g'euꞈ) pehnˇve (sparks) be scattered (awˬ tsuhˆ) tsuhˆ ve crumple something up, make into a ball (ca) hpfuhˆ toˇve go looking around, go searching (cawnˍ) htawꞈve open (an umbrella) (cawˇ lawꞈ-ehˬ) k'ai geꞈ-e ve พอดีเลย to turn out a certain way (turn out perfectly) (caˬ hk'a teˇ) hk'a ข้าวหนึ่งเม็ด clf for grains, one grain of rice awˬ hawˉ paˉ south of ceˇmayˬ awˬ hawˉ paˉ south of chiang mai ใต้ hawehˉ ceuˬ many kinds of chaw hawehˉ ceuˬ many kinds of people (clause) a dawˇ ve think that one will (clause), intend to (clause) (clause) a tehꞈ marks a clause of intention, purpose (clause) chi yoˬ that's the reason why (clause) (clause) dawˇ ve (someone) thinks that (clause) (clause) hk'e k'o, since it is the case that (clause) (clause) kuiˬ awˬ ti a place where (clause), a place to (clause) ที่ (clause) taˇ k'oˆ loˬ you don't have to tell me (clause), you're telling me! (clause) te k'o... since (clause)ˬ because (clause) is the case... (clause) tehꞈ k'oˆ piˇ ve yoˬ he said (clause) (clause) tiˉ te ve all one does is (clause) (clause) ve hk'e leˇ as if (clause), the way that (clause) (clause) ve teˇ yanˇ (htaˇ) when (clause)ˬ when (clause)ing (daꞈ) k'oˆ leꞈ fine! ok! ดี, ได้ (g'a ga) paw piˇ ve assist someone to give birth (hk'aˆ) awˬ k'aw ji the middle (of the village) ตรงกลาง (hpu) caiˍ ve pay, spend money (shan) (iˉ kaˆ hk'aw) taˬ rapids (iˉ kaˆ) coˬ bridge (over water) (iˉ kaˆ) htonˍ ve to flood (maˇ) taw ve be a match for, (in)comparable to (miˬ guiˬ htaꞈ) caw k'ai ve go around (the world) (mvuhˇ shawˉ) teˇ naꞈ early in the morning, crack of dawn (mvuhˇ tawˍ) tawˍ ve to thunder (mvuhˬ yeˬ) puiˇ, peuˇ (rain) stops (n) aꞈ cha ve be the fault of (n) (n) ceh only (n), just exactly (n) (n) chi this (n) (n) chi teˇ ceuˬ this kind of (n) (n) hk'aˇ suh k'ai, hk'aˇ suh g'aꞈ ve to follow (n) ติดตาม (n) hk'aˬ k'ai ve le? what's (n) like? ไปไหน (n) hk'aˬ ve (# and clf) maˇ k'oˆ whichever (n), any (n) (n) hk'e leˇ the way (n) should be, like (n) htawˇ also (n)ˬ even (n) (n) htaꞈ a ciˉ (adj) (adj)er than (n), more (adj) than (n) (n) htaꞈ cawˬ ve depend on (n), be up to (n) (n) htaꞈ ponˬ ve k’o except for (n) (n) htaꞈ ponˬ veu k’o except for (n)ˬ if we omit (n) from consideration (n) htaꞈ ta kawˬ-aˬ be delayed by (n) (n) htaꞈ te ve to challenge (n) (n) jaˇ (n) ji all around (n) (n) k'oˆ kuiˬ a place called (n) สถานที่พูด (n) maˇ k'oˆ... (n) maˇ k'oˆ no matter whether (n) or (n) เช่น, หรือ (n) nehˉ even (n)ˬ making a scolding comparison (n) nyi leh te yehˇ ve make something to use as an imitation of (n) (n) piˍ old (n) (object) เก่า, แก่ (n) pon for the sake of (n) (n) tehˬ emphatic topic set-off (after the subject) (n) teˇ hpaˍ all, a group of (n)s (n) teˇ hpaˍ hpaˍ some (n)s, some of the (n)s (n1) (n2) teˇ geh hk'awꞈ daꞈ ve mix (n1) and (n2) together (n1) htaꞈ (n2) dawˇ ve to think n2 is an n1 (n1) te leh (n2) awˍ from (n1) to (n2) (n2 ve) nyi ma (n1) cawˇ ve (n1) pleases (n2) (n2) htaꞈ (n1) nyi ma cawˇ ve for (n1) to like (n2) (naˍliˍ) teˇ yanˇ a certain timeˬ (o' clock) (ngaˇ shaˍ) piˬ caˇ ve roast and eat (fish) ย่างปลากิน (ngaˬ ve uˉ tcuhˍ) k'oˆ ma hey, (that's my hat)! นี่น่า (ngaˬ) awˬ to k'ai leh (v) to (vb) personally ไปแต่ตัว (num) (clf) teˇ (clf) the (num)th (clf) (nyi ma) k'aw ve to be serious, sincere ปวดร้าว (nyi ma) taˍ hk'aˇ way of believing, beliefs, moral values (person) htaꞈ chaw maˇ shawˍ treat (person) with contempt, not consider (person) human (phrase) hk'awꞈ nawˉ after (phrase) หลังจาก (phrase) naˉ, naˉ neˍ emphatic persuasion (phrase) naˍ, naˉ shows wonder or doubt (phrase) nehˬ (-awˍ) i wouldn't be surprised if...ˬ i'll bet... (phrase) neˍ emphatic final particle - 'certainly', 'indeed' (phrase) peu ve send someone to (phrase) (shinˉ peu ngaˇ nyi) friday (shinˉ peuˬ) hkawꞈ nyi saturday วันเสาร์ (shinˉ peuˬ) nyiˇ nyi tuesday (suhˆ) geuˬ root (of a tree) (suhˆ) hkaˆ ve chop up (wood for fire) ตัดฟืน (taˇ te) k'oˆ-neˍ please don't do it! อย่าทำสิ (v or adj) taiˍ really (v or adj) (v) (ve) hkawˇ nawˇve have the sense to (v) (v) cawˇve should (v), ought to (v) (v) caꞈve very (v), so very (v) (v) ce ve to (v) downwards with force (v) ceh only (v), just (v) (v) chehˇve to keep on (v)ing, be (v)ing (v) cheˆ ve completely finish (v)ing, (v) once and for all (v) daꞈve mutual actionˬ reciprocal action (v) deˇ yoˬ there's no use (v)ing (v) gaˇve to want to (v), it looks as if (v) will occur, like to (v) คุยกับเด็ก (v) gehˇ ve, guiˇve to (v) recently (v) guiˇve to (v) for fun, for pleasure (v) hk'eh-aˬ, hk'eh ve to (v) constantly, to excess (v) hpawˇ daꞈve it is better than (v) (v) htawˇ (k'awꞈ) even if (v)ˬ even though (v) (v) htawˇ... maˇ yaꞈ maˇ dawˆ it's no skin off anyone's nose even if (v) (v) htaˇ hehˍ only when (v) (v) htaˇ hk'a gaˬ until (v)ˬ up to the time that (v) (v) htaˇ yoˬ it's time to (v) (v) jaw ve to have ever (v), have experienced (v)ing, used to (v)ing (v) jaw ve hk'e asˍlike one usually (v)s (v) jawˬ ve practice (v)ing (v) jaˇ tehˬ tehˬ extremely (v), really and truly (v) (v) kaꞈ... maˇ yaꞈ maˇ dawˆ it's no skin off anyone's nose even if (v) (v) lawꞈ ngaw ngaw quite enough to (v), almost enough (v) leh maˇ gaˬ try unsuccessfully to (v) (v) maˇ ponˬ (v) endlesslyˬ cannot finish (v) (v) maˇ tanˇ not enough time to (v) (v) maˇ taˬ(-oˬ) be tired of (v)ing, not enough energy to (v) (v) ngaw ngaw k'ai|hpehꞈ|te ve to be at the point of (v)-ing (v) nyi ve try to (v)ˬ (v) and see what happens (v) paˇ-ehˍ te ve pretend to (v)ˬ feign (v)ing แกล้งทำ (v) peu ve send something in (forward) motion by (v)ing (v) piˇve (v) for the benefit of 3rd personˬ (v) so a third person is affected (v) puiˉ be able to (v)ˬ be good at (v)ingˬ have tendency to (v) (v) puiˉ muiˬ suh-ehˬ te ve pretend to know how to (v)ˬ give oneself airs that one can (v) (v) tawˆ ve to (v) outwards, to (v) out (v) taˆ ve to (v) upwards (v) taˍve indicates (v) is a stable action, or is in perfect tense (v) taˬ ve ought to (v), high time to (v) (v) tcuh ve have someone (v), make someone (v), allow someone to (v) (v) tcuhˉve (v) so something sticks, stays permanently (v) teh ve (v) so something stays put, (v) something and keep for future use (v) tehˬ (tehˬ) really (v), indeed (v) (v) teˇ yanˇ htaˇ when (v)ˬ during the time that (v) (v) teˇ yanˇ htaˇ when (v)ˬ during the time that (v) (v) toˇve go around (v)ingˬ go along (v)ingˬ (v) for fun (v) tuˬ dawˇ taˍve to have intended to (v)ˬ plan to (v) (v) tuˬ te ve do so that (v), try to (v) (v) tzuhˇ-aˇ (v) too much, very much (v) ve hkawˇ the reason is probably (v) (v) ve hkawˇ nawˇve have the sense to (v) (v) ve teˇ ceuˬ the act of (v) ing, changes (v) to a noun phrase (v) ve tiˉ maˇ heˆ not only (v), not (v) (v) ve tiˉ yoˬ just (v) (v1) tuˬ (v2) to (v2) in order to (v1) (v1) ve kaꞈ (v2) ve kaꞈ teˇ pawˆ tiˉ te ve (v1) at the same time as (v2) (vb) ha (caˇ ha sheˍ.) polite suggestion (just eat first.) (x) tu leh... starting off from (x) (yehˬ) awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ in front of (the house), forwards ข้างหน้า (yehˬ) awˬ hkaˆ ku framework (of a house) โครงสร้าง(ของบ้าน) (yehˬ) hkaˆ ku framework (of house) -kaˍ-aˬ (ending) alwaysˉˉˉ -taˉ-o negative probability -taˬ strong negative prediction, negative probability ... k'oˆ k'o if speaking about... , as for .... ถ้าพูดแล้ว ...k'oˆ maˍ so what if....! ...k'oˆ yoˬ ehꞈ that's why! like i said! นั่นแหละ ...kwaˍ most probably willˍis จะ ...puiˉ-aˬ used in warningsˬ predictions of unpleasant eventualities ...te leh... causal, suspensive ...tuˬ indicates unrealized, hypothetical, future action ...tuˬ ve purposive nominalizer (turns verbs into nouns) ...yoˬ pawˍ emphatic declarative particle (yellow lahu) 19 ha hk'awꞈ teˇ hpaˍ 20th century a canˇ enmity ศัตรู a canˇ cawˬ daꞈve have a feud wˍeach other เป็นศัตรูกัน a ciˉ (maˍ laˇ a) please (teach me) นิดหน่อย a ciˉ ceh just a little, a few a ciˉ ceh maˇ heˆ a great deal of ไม่ใช่แค่นิดหน่อย a ciˉ daꞈ jaˇve be much better ดีกว่ามาก a ciˉ daꞈ jaˇ ve hkaˆ a much better crossbow ธนูที่ดีกว่ามาก a ciˉ daꞈve be better ดีกว่า a ciˉ hk'aˬ ma ma rather a lot a ciˉ k'o the fact is... เกือบ a ciˉ kaꞈ maˇ (vb) phu a ciˉ kaꞈ maˇ keu not (vb) at all didn't put any money in at all a ciˉ kaꞈ maˇ dawˇ tawˆ mehˍ i can't figure it out at all! a ciˉ maꞈ caˍ laˇ-oˆ please give us something to eat. a dawˇ headman a guˬ na gaˉ spider แมงมุม a hk'e leˇ (hpu a hk'e leˇ yehˇ ve) for nothing ฟรี, เปล่าๆ a hk'e leˇ (ve chaw) ordinary, average ฟรี, เปล่าๆ a hkawanˬ lawˬ hk'eh ve chaw a person who keeps begging permission ขอแล้วขออีก a k'awˉ first, at first ต้นลูกใหน a lanˉ flag a lawˇ nyiˉ hteunˍ wild red raspberry a lawˉ gaˬ la ve arrive early มาถึงก่อน a lawˉ gu te teh ve practice, rehearse เตรือมก่อน a lawˉ teˇ (clf) the first (clf) a laˇ investment กำไร a laˇ k'o if one sets one's mind to vb+ing a laˇ shonˇve lose investment ขาดทุน a maˆ (hkanˍ ve) (take) responsibility for รับประกัน a maˆ hkanˍve take responsibility for, assume an obligation รับประกัน, รับรอง a maꞈ lonˉ govt. minister ข้าราชการ, ขุนนางใหญ่ a me aꞈ profit a miˆ piˇve give an order ให้อนุญาต a moˇ (keu ve) taxes ภาษี a muꞈ taˆ ve pass sentence at a trial, decide a case a naˍ k'awꞈ tcuhˉve be contagious a naˬ chi tawˍ tcuhˉ k'ai la ve this disease is beginning to spread a naˬ geh daꞈ (puiˉ)ve for a disease to be contagious a naˬ geh naˬ ve catch a disease, fall ill a naˬ pehˉ daꞈve a disease is contagious a naˬ shehˍ ma germ เชื้อโรค a naˬ shehˍ ma germ, microbe เชื้อโรค a neˍ! ...(haˉ hkiˉ tuˬ maˇ cawˬ) don't worry, never mind ตกใจ a ngeu frost, ice น้ำแข็ง a ngeu frost, ice a ngeu de expanse of iceˬ glacierˬ skating rink a ngeu diˬ iceˬ ice-cube a ngeu diˬ hk'oˆ lawˬ guiˇve ice-skate a ngeu ta, gawˬ ve ta k'oˍ icebox, refrigerator a nyi hk'awꞈ last year ปีที่แล้ว a nyi hk'awꞈ last year ปีที่แล้ว a nyi teˇ haˉ last night คืนวันก่อน a pa a nehꞈ (your) father and motherˬ your mommy and daddy (used when talking to children) a pa geh laˬ oꞈ come to father! a paˍ e ve topple over and fall a pehˉ meuˇ tzuhˬ wine from grapes a pehˬ yaˇ paˍ htaꞈ htawˆ piˇve the deck pecked the boy. a piˉ nehˉ (ve vaꞈ) something small, small quantity เด็กทารก a ponˍ k'awˍve tell a story a ponˍ teˇ tawn nehˉ a passage from a storyˬ a few sentences of a story a ponˬ hkai hkawˇ storytelling language a poˍ hk'ai ve tell a story, ask a riddle เล่านิทาน a shaꞈ hu ve earn a living เลี้ยงชีวิต a shaꞈ nuˍve be young in age a shu (v) kaꞈ whoever (v)'s, no matter who (v)'s ใครก็ตาม a shu hk'a shuˍ like everyone elsea a shu hk'a shuˍ like everybody else เหมือนใคร a shu kaꞈ anyone ใครก็ตาม a shu kaꞈ te maˇ g'a no one can do anything about it. a shu teˇ g'aˇ le le yawˇ hk'a dawˇ ve hk'e leˇ, hk'a te gaˇ ve hk'e leˇ, g'a te ve maˇ heˆ nobody gets to do everything he intends or whatever he wants. a shu yawˇ hk'aˇ yawˇ te ve everybody does it for himself ทำตัวเอง a tuˆ something fake ปลอม a viˉ a pa hkunˉ senior relatives a yehˉ yehˉ awˬ pon for the future's sake a yehˉ yehˉ awˬ pon for the future's sake สำหรับ ช้าๆ a yehˉ yehˉ k'ai mehˍ take it easy, goodbye! ค่อยๆไปนะ a yehˉ yehˉ yaw a please speak slowlyˍgentlyˍsoftly ค่อยๆ พูด a yeˬ maˇ taˍ place no importance on ไม่เอาเรื่อง, ไม่ถือสา aaˇ nawˬ htaꞈ dawˇ nawˇ jaˇ hey, i really missed you a lot! anˇ tuˬ ve awˬ ceuˬ a suprising thing สิ่งประหลาด anˇ ve awˬ mehˆ exclamation mark เครื่องหมายอุทาน awnˉ hteh ve break by bending (as a stick) awnˉ maˇ hteh does not break (by bending) awˇ ceuˬ chaw people of four different races awˇ ceˍ awˇ fa cube สี่เหลี่ยมลูกบาศก์ awˇ ceˍ awˇ naˍ square, rectangle กรอบสี่เหลี่ยม(ความรู้) awˇ ceˍ awˇ naˍ ve awˬ veꞈ suhˉ tuˬ phillips head screwdriver น็อตสี่เหลี่ยม awˉ hteh ngaˆ breech-loading rifle (loaded by twisting barrel) awˉ k'aˍ cuˉ buffalo-milk awˉ k'aˍ ehˉ k'awehꞈ yoke for water buffalo แอก awˉ k'aˍ jawꞈve goad a buffalo awˉ k'aˍ juˆ ve buffalo gores awˉ k'aˍ veꞈ leech ปลิง awˉ k'euˬ ve bend something into a curve awˉ kuiˉ awˉ laꞈ k'o awˉ k'aˍ hkaw no matter how you bend it, still a buffalo-horn (proverb meaning no matter how hard you think about it, can't find a way out) awˉ lawˉ chehˇ ve chaw natives, aborigines awˉ lawˉ gaˬ la ve be first to arrive awˉ lawˉ peuˍ paˍ leader, trailblazer ผู้นำหน้า awˉve make excuses อ้าง awˍ caw ve set a pot of cooked rice on coals to steam awˍ caˇ maˇ pehˇ sheˍ i haven't eaten enough yet. awˍ caˇve eat food, eat rice awˍ caˇ ve awˬ yanˇ gaˬ-oˬ it's time to eat. awˍ caˍve feed someone ให้อาหาร awˍ chi nyiˇ htinˍ teˇ htinˍ teh-a shaˍ i'll put this cooked rice on the second shelf. awˍ chiˇ curry, food eaten with rice awˍ dawꞈve be revolted by food awˍ fuiˉ k'oˍ caˇ aˍ ve awˬ ceuˬ geuˆ ve the stomach digests the things that have been eaten. awˍ hawˉ gawꞈve hit below mark, fall short, be less than awˍ hkeh rice noodles เส้นก๋วยเดี๋ยว awˍ hkehˇ ricebowl ถ้วยข้าว awˍ hkeuꞈ burnt rice ข้าว้ไหม้ awˍ hpuꞈ chi neˉ jaˇ this rice-cake is very sticky. awˍ htiˆ a packet of cooked rice awˍ hu ve fried rice ข้าวผัด awˍ k'awˍoˬ law the rice is well-cooked now! ข้าวสุกแล้ว awˍ kaˆ cold rice ข้าวเย็น awˍ keu teh ve dish up rice and serve it awˍ kuˬ caˍ (piˇ)ve invite someone to eat เรีอกกินข้าว awˍ lehˬ chi awˬ shaˉ du-ehˍ k'ai ve steam floats awˍ leuˉ htehˍ piˇve add a little extra awˍ meh cooked rice ข้าวสุก awˍ meuꞈ la gaˬ leh getting to be hungry awˍ meuꞈ la htaˇ gaˬ leh... when they got hungry awˍ meuꞈve be hungry หิว awˍ meuꞈ ve ceh ceh as long as one is still hungry awˍ taˬ-oˬ laˇ want some more riceˉ awˍ tcuhˇve uncooked rice awˍ te caˇ kuiˬ kitchen ห้องครัว awˍ teˇ kaˉ hoˆ hk'a biˇ a basket full of cooked rice ข้าวเต็มกระติบ awˍ teˇ tsuhˆ hkaˆ ve scoop out a handful of rice ข้าวปั้นหนึ่งอัน awˍ teˇ tsuhˆ peꞈ a please give me a handful of rice. awˍ teˇ tuˉ a ball of rice awˬ baˬ hpawˇ (chaw) outside, elsewhere (outsider) คนนอก awˬ baˬ koˍve block off from view ปิด, บัง awˬ baꞈ maˇ biˇve not be a full baht's worth ไม่เต็มบาท awˬ bon advantage, benefit, luck ประโยชน์, พร awˬ bon awˬ hk'awˍ good fortune awˬ bon ca ve seek a blessing หาโชค awˬ bon ca ve yoˬ we are seeking (thy) graceˍblessings. awˬ bon maˇ k'awꞈ cawˬ of no more use ไม่มีประโยชน์อีก awˬ bon maˇ kaꞈ cawˬ be of not further useˍbenefit awˬ bon tawˆ ve for good to come out of something, good fruitage awˬ bon uiˍ jaˇ nice to see you. thank you ขอบคุณมาก awˬ ca a married couple, a pair of parents คู่ awˬ caw a ring, circle, circuit หมุน awˬ caw paw marrow ไขกระดูก awˬ caw te hpuˆ ve make something revolve, spin หมุนกลับ awˬ cawˉ tehˆ wrinkles ยับยู้ยี่ awˬ caˆ a string เส้น awˬ caˆ g'awˬ ve have muscle cramps ตะคิว awˬ caˆ kinˇ la tuˬ tiˍ shiˉve he twisted the guitar (pegs) so that the strings would be tight. ตั้งสายกีต้าให้แน่น awˬ caˆ maˇ chehˆ continuously, without a break ไม่ขาดสาย awˬ caˆ maˇ chehˆ leh kanˉ te chehˬ ve he keeps work uniterruptedly. awˬ caˆ sui naˬ ve to be stiff and sore เหมื่อยตัว awˬ caˆ teˇ tawn a length of string awˬ caꞈ machine เครื่องจักร, awˬ caꞈ awˬ ceuˬ various things ชนิด awˬ ce an arrow awˬ ce hk'aˬ nyiˇ ce leuˉ le how many arrows are leftˉ awˬ ceh ca ve seek a mate หาคู่ awˬ ceh hkawˇ opposite words, paired words awˬ cehˬ plant ไม้ยืนต้น awˬ ceuˬ te ve to breed ทำพันธุ์ awˬ ceˍ a corner, angle มุม awˬ ceˬ paˍ, awˬ ceˬ ma manservant, maidservant ทาสชายทาสหญิง awˬ chawˇ awˬ paˆ friend, neighbor เพื่อนกัน awˬ chawˇ ca shiˍ k'oˬ ve go meet a friend and bring him home awˬ chawˇ hk'a dehꞈ te piˇ-oˆ treat them properly as friends เป็นเพื่อนดีๆนะ awˬ chawˇ hk'e leˇ maˇ shuˍ you're not acting like friends ไม่เหมือนเพื่อน awˬ chawˇ nawˬ aˬ hey, friend! awˬ chawˇ noˬ aˬ dear friend! pal of mine! awˬ chawˇ tcuhˬ-aˬ a real friend awˬ chawˇ te daꞈve be friends with each other awˬ cheh cheh ve be spicy, well-spiced รสจัด awˬ cheh cheh ve be spicy, have good flavor awˬ cheh maˇ cawˬ has no flavor ไม่มีรสชาติ awˬ cheh pehˆ ve lose its flavorˍtaste awˬ cheˆ ve break by bending awˬ chi this one, this thing, demonstrative interjection eg “okay now, hey, look here...” awˬ chiˇ awˬ lawehˉ a second helping of curry กับข้าว awˬ chiˇ g'uiˬ soup น้ำแกง, ต้มจืด awˬ chu fat (on body) ไขมัน, อ้วน awˬ chuiˇ lungs ปอด awˬ chuˇ teˇ chuˇ aˍone thorn awˬ ci awˬ meh (p. 156) name ชื่อ awˬ ciˬ tooth ฟัน awˬ dawˇ pui swarm กร้าม awˬ daˍ nawꞈve have a callus awˬ daˍ nawꞈ ve chaw someone callous to his evil ways, no conscience ด้าน(ไม่มีความรู้สึก, นิสัยไม่ดี) awˬ dehˉ k'oˍ a tube ท่อ, กระบอก awˬ deu (leu) dangling object awˬ diˬ te ve to be lumpy awˬ duˬ grandchild หลาน awˬ e caˉ stepmother awˬ fa surface, face awˬ fa awˬ fa la cube awˬ fuiˉ k'oˍ stomach กระเพาะอาหาร awˬ fuiˉ k'oˍ stomach กระเพาะอาหาร awˬ g'aˇ strength, power, labor, manpower กำลังวังชา awˬ g'aˇ caw faˍve do exercises as a precaution awˬ g'aˇ caw tuˬ exercises ที่ออกกำลังกาย awˬ g'aˇ caw ve do exercises ออกกำลังกาย awˬ g'aˇ cawˬ la piˇve to strengthen awˬ g'aˇ nawˬ ve ngaˬ maˇ taw i'm no match for your strength. awˬ g'aˇ nuˇve be weak awˬ g'aˇ pa tuˬ a gearshift, clutch pedal เปลี่ยนเกียร์ awˬ g'aˇ peuˬ ve exhausted หมดแรง awˬ g'aˇ peꞈ laˇve give encouragement เสริมกำลัง awˬ g'aˇ piˇve encourage someoneˬ urgeˍstimulate someone ให้กำลัง awˬ g'aˇ uiˍve strong, energetic มีกำลังมาก awˬ g'aˇ uiˍve be strong แข็งแรง awˬ g'aˇ yuˬ tawˆ ve exert strength แสดงพลัง awˬ g'aˇ yuˬ ve receive encouragement รับกำลัง awˬ g'aˇ zuhˇve apply all one's strength to something awˬ g'aˬ heuˬ ve tired, exhausted เหนื่อย awˬ g'euˆ light, luster แสงสว่าง awˬ g'euˆ paw ve a light shines awˬ g'euˆ pfuhˬ ve radiate light, shed light upon สว่าง,แสงจ้า awˬ g'euˆ te pfuhˍve pour out lightˬ radiate light awˬ g'uiˬ hpehꞈve melt, become a liquid เป็นน้ำ awˬ g'uˇ suh k'ai ve advance, go forward awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ gaˬ la ve arrive in advance มาถึงก่อน awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ hpawˇ in the future ข้วงหน้า awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ hpfuhˆ tawˍ daꞈve face-to-face, facing one another awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ hpfuhˆ tawˍ daꞈve be front to front awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ htaˇ in the past ก่อนน้ awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ htaˇ previously, in the past awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ k'o after this, from now on awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ paˉ front ด้านหน้า awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ peuˍ paˍ leader, one who takes the lead ผู้นำหน้า awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ te ve to proceed ทำก่อน awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ ve teˇ shinˉ next week สปดาห์แรก awˬ g'uˬ guts awˬ g'uˬ tehˆ intestine awˬ g'uˬ tehˆ awˬ leuˉ appendix ใส้ติ่ง awˬ g'uˬ tehꞈ intestines ลำใส้ awˬ g'uˬ tehꞈ awˬ lawehˉ appendix ("extra intestine") awˬ g'uˬ tehꞈ ehˉ small intestine ลำใส้เล็ก awˬ g'uˬ tehꞈ lonˉ large intestine ลำใส้ใหญ่ awˬ gawˇ awˬ gawˇ lawˇ k'ai ve have a bumpy surface โน, บวม(รอยเฆี่ยน) awˬ gawˇ awˬ leˆ raised bruises, welts รอยตี, รอยพกช้ำ awˬ gaꞈ a stripe, a pattern ลาย awˬ geu root ราก awˬ geuꞈ fishing net แห awˬ guiˬ goˇ-ehˬ ve dry skin awˬ guiˬ k'uˉ skin (of person)ˬ hide (of animal) ผิวหนัง awˬ guiˬ k'uˉ skin หนัง awˬ guiˬ k'uˉ hk'ehꞈve to skin an animal ถลกหนัง awˬ guiˬ k'uˉ htaiˍve shed skin (as a snake) awˬ guiˬ meuˇ shoˍ baˬ ve circumcise ทำสุหนัต awˬ g’euˇ pfuhˍve throw lightˬ radiate light ontoˬ shine brightlyˬ reflect light awˬ ha hkaˆ ve draw lots จับฉลาก awˬ ha hpu chi lehˬ chaw yaˇ hk'a shuˍ shuˍ awˬ to cawˬ ve maˇ heˆ. the holy spirit does not have a body like human beings. พระวิญญาณไม่ใช่มีร่างกายเหมือนกับมนุษย์ awˬ hai hk'aˬ nyiˇ hai cawˬ le how many rai of land do you haveˉ ไร่มีกี่ไร่ awˬ haiˇ a scar แผลเป็น awˬ haiˬ evil ชั่ว, รุนแรง awˬ han form, image, picture รูปภาพ awˬ han ca htawˍ yuˬ aˍ leˇ let's go take some pictures, okayˉ awˬ han dawˆ ve take a photo awˬ han hk'aw mawˬ ve have a vision เห็นในรูปภาพ awˬ han hkaˆ ve draw lots, pick token จับฉลากรูปภาพ awˬ han htawˍ tuˬ a camera กล้องถ่ายรูป awˬ han htawˍve take a picture ถ่ายรูป awˬ han htawˍve take a photoˬ snap a picture awˬ han maˍ kuiˬ yehˬ a theatre โรงหนัง awˬ han pehꞈ maˍve show a movie awˬ han te maˍve to perform a play, drama ละคร awˬ han teꞈ a movie ภาพยนต์ awˬ han teꞈ yehˬ a theater awˬ hawehˍ grandchild เหลน awˬ hawehˍ awˬ haˆ grandchildren and great-grandchildren หลานเหลน awˬ hawˉ under, lower part ข้างใต้ awˬ hawˉ hpawˇ tanˬ leh ngaˇ cawˆ teˇ cawˆ the fifth line from the bottom awˬ hawˉ hpawˇ taˬ leh ngaˇ cawˆ teˇ cawˆ the fifth line from the bottom awˬ hawˉ hpawˇ ve ciˬ lower teeth awˬ hawˉ teˇ hk'aˆ te leh awˬ na teˇ hk'aˆ awˍ from the lower village to the upper village awˬ hawˉ ve hkunˉ a deputy, lesser official ผู้ช่วยผู้ใหญ่บ้าน awˬ hawˍ wax, beeswax ไข(ทำเทียน) awˬ hawˍ dawˇ a swarm of insects or vermin ฝูง, กลุ่ม(ผึ้งมาเป็นฝูง) awˬ hawˍ dawˇ a swarm awˬ hehnˇ a heavy weight, strength, energy, a brace เรื่ยวแรง awˬ hehnˇ awˬ shaˉ strength, energy, vital force กำลังวังชา awˬ hehnˇ g'a pfuhˇve to have to carry a heavy weight แบกภาระหนัก awˬ heˆ sign, omen, symbol สัญลักณ์ awˬ hiꞈ awˬ hk'awˇ customs and practices awˬ hiꞈ awˬ hk'aˇ personality, character awˬ hiꞈ awˬ kawˇ customs and practices awˬ hiꞈ gu ve discipline someone (i.e. fine) awˬ hk'a gu ve make a plan, a course of action awˬ hk'aw inside, the center ข้างใน awˬ hk'aw a holeˬ an opening รู awˬ hk'aw awˬ baˬ inside and outside ข้างในช้างนอก awˬ hk'aw chi coꞈ jaˇ this hole is very narrow. awˬ hk'aw duˇve dig a hole awˬ hk'aw hk'aw ve to open a hole in something, have a hole in เจาะรู awˬ hk'aw hk'awˇ innards of an animal เครื่องใน awˬ hk'aw htaw (keu)ve pierce a hole in awˬ hk'aw htawˆ ve peckˍhook a hole in something awˬ hk'aw k'oˍve to be hollow รู้กว้าง awˬ hk'aw kaꞈ awˬ baˬ hpehꞈ sheˍve it's inside out. กลับด้าน(ข้างในเป้นข้างนอก) awˬ hk'aw te ve have holes awˬ hk'awˇ ma a strip of cloth ตะเข็บ awˬ hk'awꞈ year, age, yearly cycle ปี awˬ hk'awꞈ i sheˍ ve chaw a young person คนที่อายุน้อย awˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ leh ve to be late มาสาย awˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ paˉ rearˬ back side ด้านหลัง awˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ teˇ caꞈ naꞈ future generations ชาติก่อน awˬ hk'awꞈ uiˍ-oˬ ve chaw an old person คนที่อายุมาก awˬ hk'aˇ chaw ve follow a trackˍtrail awˬ hk'aˇ gu ve to make a plan วางแผน awˬ hk'aˇ hk'a tawˍ-ehˍ bvuhꞈ mehˍ draw the lines parallel! เขียนให้ชัดเจน awˬ hk'aˇ hteˇve to be straightforward, be clear (of words) เส้นครง awˬ hk'ehˇ fecesˬ waste matter ของเสีย, มูล awˬ hk'ehꞈ stepˬ layerˬ stage in life or career ขั้นตอน awˬ hk'oˆ htaꞈ teˇ htoˆ k'awꞈ deh piˇ ve yoˬ they dressed him up with still another layer on top. awˬ hk'oˆ teˇ htaiˍ upstairs awˬ hk'oˇ above, overˬ greater than นอกจาก awˬ hk'oˇ meuˇ point where something endsˬ edge, opening, mouth ปลายๆ awˬ hk'oˇ teˇ htaiˍ upstairs ชั้นบน awˬ hk'oꞈ trench รอยบุ๋ม, บุบ awˬ hkaw animal horn เขาสัตว์ awˬ hkaweh a ringˬ circumference of something awˬ hkawˇ sound เสียง awˬ hkawˇ a ciˉ ciˉ k'oˆ k'o in brief, to make a long story short คำสรุปความ awˬ hkawˇ awˬ k'awˉ ji mid tone เสียงกลาง awˬ hkawˇ awˬ lonˉ ma head entry, title หัวข้อ awˬ hkawˇ aꞈ tawnˍ tuˬ ve awˬ heˆ parentheses awˬ hkawˇ bvuhˬ ve to make a noise, to be sounded out (gossip) เสียงดัง awˬ hkawˇ chi piˇ chawˇ hkawˇ tawˆ-e ve this word comes from shan. awˬ hkawˇ chi teˇ hpaˍ cawˇ jaˇ these expressions are quite correct. awˬ hkawˇ daꞈ jaˇ what a nice voice! เสียงไพเราะ awˬ hkawˇ daꞈ jaˇ, nawˬ you've got a nice voice. เสียงคุณดี awˬ hkawˇ ho-e ve echo เสียงสะท้อน awˬ hkawˇ htaˆ ve make a sharp soundˬ for a sound to be piercing awˬ hkawˇ k'awˍve recite the words awˬ hkawˇ kaˇve to hear a sound ได้ยินเสียง awˬ hkawˇ keu tuˬ a sound (tape) recorder ที่ใส่เสียง awˬ hkawˇ maˇve talk too much, talkative พูดมาก awˬ hkawˇ ngehˉve faint sound เสียงแหลม awˬ hkawˇ ngehˉve for a sound to be faint awˬ hkawˇ pa ve for one's voice to change เปลี่ยนเสียน awˬ hkawˇ tcuhˉ kuiˬ cawˬ ve teˇ hpaˍ all the important words awˬ hkawˇ teˇ cawˆ one sentence, clause เสียงหนึ่งประโยค awˬ hkawˇ teˇ cawˆ one sentence awˬ hkawˇ teˇ maˬ one wordˬ syllable เสียงแรก, คำแรก awˬ hkawˍ g'awˆ ve collect tax เก็บภาษี awˬ hkeh cord, string ตัว, เส้น awˬ hkeh rice noodles เส้นก๋วยเตี๋ยว awˬ hkeh lawˆ paˆ-e ve threads come unravelled ผ้าลุ่ย awˬ hkeh ne inedible fibers in meat or fruit awˬ hkeun toolˬ instrumentˬ materials เครื่อง, อวัยวะ awˬ hkiˇ awˬ nganˇ te ve adorn oneselfˬ take great effort to improve appearance แต่งตัว awˬ hkiˇ pa ve change one's appearance เปลี่ยนเครื่องแต่งตัว awˬ hkiˇ shawˍ ve (awˬ kiˇ) decorate somethingˬ make body neat and clean แต่งตัว awˬ hkui flavor, good taste รสชาติ awˬ hkui leg, foot, track, footprint ขา, เท้า awˬ hkui (yawˇ hui k'oˆ chehˇ ve awˬ hkui maˇ cawˬ) good sense (what they're saying makes no sense.) ไม่มีรสชาติ awˬ hkui chaw ve follow tracks รสหวาน awˬ hkui daw pillar, post ตอ, หลัก awˬ hkuiˇ ma son's wife, daughter-in-law ลูกสะใภ้ awˬ hkuiˉ pui teh ve lay a foundation วางแผน, เริ่ม awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ the foot of, base of เสา awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ hkawˇ prefix คำเริ่มต้น, บทนำ awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ hkawˇ prefix คำเริมต้น awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ teh ve lay the groundworkˬ establish a basis awˬ hoˉ leader หัวหน้า awˬ hoˉ maˉ first thing obtained, firstfruits awˬ hoꞈ awˬ han tiˉ superficially, only in appearance ลักษณะเดียวเท่านั้น awˬ hpawˇ awˬ miˇ ca ve be interested in getting married awˬ hpawˇ awˬ miˇ maˬ nyi ma maˇ cawˇ daꞈ k'o, taˬ-aw when a husband and wife don't get along, they want to separate. awˬ hpawˇ awˬ miˇ teˇ ca husband and wife awˬ hpaˆ awˬ leuˉ something additional, supplementary thing เกินหรือกว่า awˬ hpaˆ awˬ leuˉ something additional ส่วนเกิน awˬ hpfuhˇ cheꞈve be too expensive (stung by the price) awˬ hpfuhˇ hk'aˆ ve be expensive in price ราคาแพง awˬ hpfuhˇ hkiˆ ve calculate the price ตีราคา awˬ hpfuhˇ i ve to be low-priced, cheap ราคาต่ำ awˬ hpfuhˇ keu daꞈve to bet, gamble, wager ประมูล awˬ hpfuhˇ pawˇ aˬ the price is cheap. awˬ hpfuhˇ tawˍ daꞈve haggle over a price, bargain tenaciously awˬ hpfuhˇ te ve set a price awˬ hpfuhˇ yawnˇve to discount, lower price ลดราคา awˬ hpu something white หัว พืช awˬ hpuˇ foam, bubbles ราคา awˬ hpuˇ tanˬ daꞈve bet money against someone awˬ htaiˍ a layer, level ชั้น awˬ htaiˍ k'awˇ caˬ 9 levels, 9 stories awˬ htaiˍ taˆ-e ve be promoted a grade awˬ htaiꞈ position, stance awˬ htanˉ ownership papers, registration awˬ htanˉ dawˆ ve fill out ownership papersˬ register something awˬ htanˍ htanˍve to protect with a shield ปกป้องโดยใช้โล่ awˬ htaꞈ surface ข้างบน awˬ htaꞈ hk'e ve surpass a standard awˬ htehꞈ nehꞈ story (of a building) ชั้นอาคาร awˬ hteunˍ something wild, grows wild เถื่อน awˬ hteunˍ k'o, lehˬ chaw ti aˍ ve maˇ heˆ if it's something wild, people haven't planted it. awˬ htewˉ te ve line up, form a queue เข้าแถว awˬ hteˇ awˬ seu righteously, in a moral way awˬ htiˆ package, something wrapped up ห่อข้าว awˬ jaˆ a cubit มาตราวัด(ศอก) awˬ jaˆ (iˉ kaˆ teˇ jaˆ) a drop หยด(น้ำ) awˬ jaˇ edge, border, boundary ริม awˬ juiˇ (hpoˇ) urine (bladder) ปัสวะ awˬ k'aw ehˉ a narrow path ขวดเล็ก awˬ k'aw ji the middle awˬ k'awˉ zuh ve hkawˇ the mid tone awˬ k'awꞈ awˬ hk'eh (hto laˇ meh) (tell me) all the details เส้นหงิกงอ awˬ k'awꞈ awˬ le all over ทั่วร่างกาย awˬ k'awꞈ awˬ le teˇ kaˬ a ciˉ a ciˉ teh mehˍ please put a little of it all over. please scatter it around. awˬ k'aˉ lehꞈ branch แตกหน่อ awˬ k'aˉ peh fork awˬ k'aˍ hkaw buffalo horn เขาวัว awˬ k'oˆ shell (of egg) ด้าน(ไม่เกิด) awˬ k'oˉ k'awehˇ something empty ทำให้ว่างเปล่า awˬ k'oˉ lawˉ horizontal, going clockwise awˬ k'oˉ lawˉ te & vb to vb sideways awˬ k'oˍ hole ถือ awˬ k'u nyi naked เปลือย awˬ kanˍ awˬ nu awˍ another place awˬ kawˬ htaˇ in the beginning เริ่มแรก awˬ kawˬ teˇ g'aˇ the first person, most senior คนแรก awˬ kaˉ ku a boneˬ the bones กระดูก awˬ kaˍ the middle, between กลาง awˬ kaˍ cawˇve be right in the middle awˬ kaˍ hkanˍ g'aw ve count by twos awˬ kaˍ ji the middle ตรงกลาง awˬ kaˍ lehˉ jehˬ hawˍ piˇve mediate between ผู้ไกล่เกลี่ย awˬ kaˍ lehˉ jehˬ hawˍ piˇve mediate betweenˬ reconcile opposing parties awˬ kaˍ ve teˇ g'aˇ person in the middle, middle-man คนที่อยู่กลาง awˬ kaˍ yaˉ leh bvuhꞈve leave spaces in writing ขยับเขียนตรงกลาง awˬ kaˍ yaˉve leave a space, interval ขยับตรงกลาง awˬ kaˍ-ehˬ ve (n) a middle-sized (n) ขนาดกลาง awˬ kehˆ fake, artificial ปลอม awˬ kehˆ ma transvestite, homosexual ผู้หญิงปลอม, กระเทย awˬ kehˇ lehˇ (te zuhꞈ ve) (sleep) sideways awˬ kiˇ a proper appearance, physical appearance โก้, หรู awˬ kiˇ cawˬ ve have poise and confidence มีความโก้หรู awˬ kiˇ uiˍve to be a showoff อวดหล่อ, อวดสวย awˬ kiˇ yaˍve be good-looking, attractive หล่อ, เท่ awˬ ku awˬ caˆ one's whole body awˬ kui awˬ paˇ nearby place ใกล้ awˬ kui cawˬ ve be brave ดี(อวัยวะภายใน) awˬ kui hpawˇ place below, south or west ทีใกล้ awˬ kuiˉ a scar รอย, แผลเป็น awˬ kuˆ mane awˬ kuˬ caˍve invite someone to a meal เชิญมากินข้าว awˬ lanˬ a million ล้าน awˬ lawn awˬ hk'aˇ situation, state of affairs สถานการณ์, เรื่องราว awˬ lawn cawˇve to be to one's liking, interests เรื่องที่ถูกต้อง awˬ lawn chi teˇ lawn haˆ haˆ g'a te cheˆ ve we must settle this matter soon. awˬ lawn k'o lehˬ... as for the subject, the thing is... เพราะว่า.. awˬ lawn k'o, awˬ lawn k'oˆ k'o it's because, the reason is... เพราะว่า awˬ lawn maˍ piˇ tuˬ ve awˬ mehˆ colon mark เครื่องหมายโคล่อน(ˇ) awˬ lawn taˍ daꞈve be contending parties in a lawsuit awˬ lawˬ womb, uterus awˬ laˇ shiˍ a kidney ไต awˬ laꞈ g'awˇ helper, apprentice, disciple สาวก awˬ leh hk'a gaˬ to the end ถึงที่สุด, ถึงอวสาน awˬ leh leh the very last one ปลายๆ awˬ leh maˇ cawˬ infinite, endless ไม่สิ้นสุด awˬ leh teˇ yanˇ the last time ช่วงสุดท้าย, สมัยสุดท้าย awˬ liˇ rule, law, custom, tradition กฎหมาย awˬ liˇ awˬ hk'aˇ behavior, code of conduct ความประพฤติ awˬ liˇ awˬ hk'aˇ gu piˇve correct someone's behavior, discipline แก้ไขความประพฤติ,อบรมวินัย awˬ liˇ awˬ k'a doctrine, code of behavior awˬ liˇ awˬ k'a doctrine, laws, code of behavior กฏ, คำสั่งสอน awˬ liˇ awˬ k'a hkawˇ teachings, precepts awˬ liˇ awˬ law culture, way of life วัฒนธรรม awˬ liˇ awˬ suhˉ a new policy, law กฏหมายใหม่ awˬ liˇ chuiˇve menstruate, period awˬ liˇ hawˍve reasonable, make sense awˬ liˇ htaꞈ maˇ cawˇ illegal, improper ผิดกฏหมาย awˬ liˇ htuiˉve observe a custom awˬ liˇ yaꞈve break a rule ผิดกฎหมาย awˬ liˇ yehˇve observe a rule ใช้กฎหมาย awˬ lonˉ a dozen โหล awˬ lonˉ ma the majority, main thing หัวเรื่อง awˬ lonˉ ma awˍ usually, generally awˬ lonˉ ma k'oˆ k'o awˍ generally speaking awˬ lonˉ ma lehˬ shiˍ-aˬ i know about it in general, the gist of it. รู้หัวเรื่อง awˬ maiˉ a mark, a line ทำเครี่องหมาย awˬ mawꞈ cawˇve be suitable, right for the situation พอดี awˬ maˉ paˍ uiˍ older sister's husband, senior brother-in-law เขยใหญ่ awˬ meh something cooked ชื่อ awˬ meh cawˬ paˍ a notable personality ผู้มีชื่อ awˬ meh htaꞈ kuˬ ve call someone by name ชื่อเสียงเลื่องลือ awˬ meh kawehˆ nickname ชื่อเล่น awˬ meh luˬ tuˬ te ve disgrace someone, ruin reputation ทำลายชื่อเสียง awˬ meh luˬ ve lose face, lose reputation เสียชื่อ awˬ meh meh ve to name ตั้งชื่อ awˬ meh peˍve change one’s name awˬ mehˆ dot, point จุด awˬ mehˆ pawnˇve to spell สะกดตัวอักษร awˬ mehˍ hpawˇ back part, rear ส่วนหลัง, ส่วนท้าย awˬ mehˍ tu a tail หาง awˬ mehꞈ profit awˬ meu powder ละเอียด, ผง awˬ meunˍ awˬ hinˉ myriads, thousands upon thousands เป็นพันเป็นหมื่น awˬ meuˇ awˬ meuˇ dawˇ pawnˍ la ve think something through gradually คิดออกทีละนิด awˬ meuˇ awˬ meuˇ dawˇ pawnˍ la ve gradually think things through awˬ meuˇ awˬ meuˇ dawˇ pawnˍ la ve gradually get to the bottom of something by thinking awˬ meˇ ngawˉve grime, crud sticks to awˬ meˇ nuˬ ve to smell of filth ตัวเหม็น awˬ meꞈ awˬ hponˇ maˇ daꞈ have a bad reputation ชื่อเสียงไม่ดี awˬ miˇ awˬ hpawˇ ka daꞈve be unified in marriage, joined as husband and wife awˬ miˇ ma yawˇ aꞈ maˇ k'awꞈ vuiˬ tcuh gaˇ his wife doesn't want to let him buy (it) again. awˬ moˍ a party of people, group กลุ่ม awˬ moˍ awˬ cuˇ a group กลุ่ม awˬ muꞈ kaˉ ku cheˆ ve have a compound fracture of a bone awˬ muꞈ kaˉ ku hteh la ve a bone breaks awˬ muꞈ kaˉ ku hteh puiˉ aˬ, hk'a dehꞈ nyi< you're liable to break a bone, watch out! awˬ mvuh body hair, fur ขน awˬ mvuh hk'aw pore (hair-hole) รูขุมขน awˬ mvuh lu moss ขน awˬ mvuh nawꞈve have hairˬ have furˬ have feathers มีผม มีขน awˬ mvuh piˬ ve lose hair, hair falls out ขนล่วง awˬ mvuh piˬ ve hair comes loose ผมล่วง awˬ mvuhꞈ kaˉ ku teˇ maˬ a bone กระดุกหนึ่งซี่ awˬ na (hpawˇ) straight ahead, north, upper part ทิศเหนือ, ด้านบน awˬ na hpawˇ ve ciˬ upper teeth awˬ na kaꞈ awˬ hawˉ hpehꞈ sheˍve be upside down กลับหัวกลับหาง awˬ naw finger, toe สีเชียว awˬ naˆ awˬ k'ehˉ pitch black, utter darkness awˬ naˍ hk'awˇ nose awˬ ngaw te ve act responsibly พอใช้ได้ awˬ ngaw te ve, chaw ngaw te ve act responsibly, observe proper conduct awˬ ngaˇ daꞈve be prettyˬ have a pleasing appearance awˬ nu awˬ na other ones, different ones อื่นๆ awˬ nu paˉ (teˇ hk'aw) (the mountain) after next ถัดไป awˬ nu paˉ teˇ ha pa the month after next เดือนต่อไป awˬ nu ve awˬ chawˇ other friends เพื่อนอื่น awˬ nuˍ ma niece awˬ nyi awˬ naˉ younger relatives น้องๆ awˬ nyi k'u naked awˬ nyi kuˇ rib กระดูกซี่โครง awˬ pa awˬ e cawˬ k'o, awˬ yaˇ htawˇ teˇ caˉ peuˬ teˇ caˉ cawˬ tuˬ ve yoˬ. if parents have it, children will have it generation after generation ถ้ามีพ่อแม่ ลูกก็มีลูกต่อๆ ไป awˬ pa awˬ e teˇ ceuˬ the lineage of one's parents awˬ pa caˉ stepfather พ่อเลี้ยง awˬ pa caˉ stepfather awˬ pawˆ maˇ chaweh on many occasions หลายครั้ง awˬ paˇ awˬ kui a place nearby รอบข้าง awˬ paˇ awˬ kui chehˇ ve chaw neighbors คนทที่อยู่รอบข้าง awˬ paˇ awˬ kuiˬ teˇ caw law the neighborhood, immediate vicinity awˬ paˉ a side, political party ฝ่าย(การเมือง) awˬ paꞈ taꞈ maˇ cawˬ, awˬ moꞈ maˇ cawˬ do something compulsively, unable to stop awˬ peꞈ chi nuˬ jaˇ this stink is very strong. กลิ่นนี้เหม็นมาก awˬ peꞈ hawˉve to have a pleasant odor กลิ่นหอม awˬ pfuhˇ ma larvaˬ microbeˬ germ awˬ pfuhˇ ma suh-e tuˬ ve naˆ tsuhˇ insecticide awˬ pi (lonˉ) (grandmother), mother-in-law ย่า,เ ยาย awˬ pi caˆ strapˬ sashˬ belt เช็มขัด awˬ pi caˆ zuhˬ ve be talkative, blabbermouth พูดยืดยาว awˬ piˍ (awˬ shaˍ) something oldˬ ancient เก่า awˬ piˍ piˍ hk'e k'awꞈ hpehꞈve to be back to one's old self เหมือนอันเดิม awˬ piˍ teˇ piˍ one step ก้าวเท้าหนึ่งก้าว awˬ po receptacle, container กล่อง,รังผึ้ง,บ่อปลา awˬ pon (after nouns) for n, for n's sake สำหรับ, เพื่อ awˬ ponˍ great-great-grandchild มื้อ awˬ pui te ve make a knot awˬ pun share, portion ส่วน awˬ puˇ ma larva, germ เชื้อโรค awˬ puˍ (lonˉ) (grandfather), father-in-law ปู่ awˬ puˍ a pi co-e days of our ancestors สมัยปู่ย่าตายาย awˬ puˍ awˬ pi ancestors, grandparents ปู่ตายาย awˬ puˍ lonˉ grandfather awˬ puˬ lu teˇ shiˍ a pom-pom on garment awˬ puꞈ a verse, stanza of song, poem บรรทัด,บท awˬ shawˍ chaw ve copulate, mate (of animals) awˬ shaˉ air, breath, gas, steam ไอน้ำ, อากาศ awˬ shaˉ bvuhˆ ve liquor to be strong, 'have kick' เมากลิ่น awˬ shaˉ daꞈve good smell กลิ่นดี, หอม awˬ shaˉ du-ehˍ k'ai ve steam floats awˬ shaˉ g'awˬ ve to breath, take a breath หายใจ awˬ shaˉ hpeuˇ hpeuˇ k'ai ve wind blows gently ลมพัดแผ่วๆ awˬ shaˉ muiˬ ve to bathe in sauna ลมควัน(อบควัน) awˬ shaˉ nuˬ ve smell bad, stink กลิ่นเหม็น, เหม็น awˬ shaˉ pehˆ ve lose its vital forse awˬ shaˍ meat, fleah เนี้อ awˬ shaˍ dawˇ gawˇ ehˬ k'ai ve have a muscle tensed awˬ shaˍ dawˇ gawˇ ehˬ te ve flex a muscle awˬ shaˍ dawˇ tuˉ-ehˬ te ve have bulging muscles awˬ shaˍ dawꞈve be nauseated by meat awˬ shaˍ diˆ ve muscle twitchesˬ have a muscle spasm awˬ shaˍ diˬ a muscle กล้ามเนื้อ awˬ shaˍ laꞈ nyi daꞈve have a healthy look awˬ shaˍ paˍ nephew หลานชาย awˬ shaˍ peꞈve skin chapped ผิวแตก awˬ shaˍ peꞈve skin splitsˬ skin gets chapped awˬ shaˍ pfuhˇve for one’s flesh to sag awˬ sheh rod, shaft, screw สลัก awˬ sheh liver ตับ awˬ sheh hpaˇ, awˬ sheh ma man's, woman's body เจ้าของชาย,หญิง awˬ sheh lonˉ axle, large shaft สลักใหญ่ awˬ shehˆ scales เกล็ด(ของสัตว์) awˬ shehˍ hpaˇ owner, performer of an action ผู้เป็นเจ้าของ awˬ shehˍ ma jaˇ-oˬ her body is big already. awˬ sheuˉ a color สี awˬ shi something yellow, orange, brown, gold เหลือง awˬ shinˉ favor, blessing, inheritence มรดก awˬ shinˉ g'a caˇ ve chaw heir ผู้รับมรดก awˬ shinˉ pehˬ daꞈve divide up an inheritance awˬ shiˉ color สี awˬ shiˉ paˉ pronunciation awˬ shiˉ piˍ (k'ai)ve color fades สีซีด awˬ shiˍ a rash ผลไม้ awˬ shiˍ tawˆ naˬ ve have painful red splotches on the skin awˬ shiˍ tawˆ ve come down with a rash awˬ suhˉ k'awꞈ gu te ve to restore something, renew ทำใหม่, แก้ไข awˬ suhˉ teˇ kaˬ another place ที่ใหม่ awˬ suhˉ teˇ maˬ another one อันใหม่ awˬ suhˉ teˇ shinˉ next week สัปดาห์ถัดไป awˬ suhˍ blood เลือด awˬ suhˍ awˬ shaˍ daꞈve be in good health เลือดลมดี awˬ suhˍ awˬ shaˍ hpawˇ physically, materially ด้านเนื้อหนัง awˬ suhˍ awˬ shaˍ k'aw daꞈve be related by blood เลือดลมดีชึ้น awˬ suhˍ caw k'ai ve blood circulates เลือดหมุนเวียน awˬ suhˍ caˆ vein, artery เส้นเลือด awˬ suhˍ caˆ vein, artery, blood-vessel awˬ suhˍ caˆ juˆ ve an injection ฉีดเข้าเส้นเลือด awˬ suhˍ dehˬ ve blood stops flowing awˬ suhˍ diˬ blood clot awˬ suhˍ guiˇve blood circulates awˬ suhˍ laiˉ jaˆ several drops of blood awˬ suhˍ maˇ k'aw daꞈ bad blood between, continual bad terms with each other เลือดไม่เข้ากัน awˬ suhˍ nehˉve be bloodyˬ have blood on it awˬ suhˍ piˉ-ehˍ te tawˆ la ve blood spurts out เลือดพุ่ง awˬ suhˍ sheˆ ve to spill blood ตกเลือด, เสียเลือด awˬ suhˍ tawˆ la ve to bleed awˬ suhˍ taˆ hehnˇve have high blood pressure ความดันสูง awˬ suhˍ taˆ ve blood pressure rises awˬ ta a stripe awˬ tan substitute, replacement, symbol ตัวแทน awˬ tan hkanˍve assume someone else's responsibilities รับประกัน awˬ tanˍ hk'aˇ nyiˇ tanˍ cawˬ le what grade are you inˉ, how many grades are thereˉ awˬ tanˍ taˆ-e ve be promoted a grade awˬ tawn awˬ tawn in sectionsˬ at intervals เป็นวรรค, เป็นตอน awˬ tawnˇ castration ทำหมัน awˬ tawˬ hpawˇ the bottom side ด้านล่าง awˬ tawˬ nawˆ a step, stair สัน awˬ tawꞈ ma a poison awˬ tawꞈ ma (cawˬ ve) poison (ous) พิษ awˬ taˉ te father's older brother, uncle ลุง awˬ taˉ te paˍ father's older brother awˬ taꞈ (hkanˍ ve) boundry (cross) awˬ taꞈ hkanˍve cross a boundary ค้ำประกัน awˬ taꞈ kawehˆ handicap, additional burden awˬ taꞈ pehnˇ apprentice ลูกน้อง awˬ tcuhˇ raw food, something raw ดิบ awˬ tcuhˇve something raw, raw food awˬ tcuhˉ a joint, section ข้อต่อ awˬ tcuhˉ awˬ caˆ joints and ligaments เส้นเอ็น awˬ tcuhˉ jiˆ ve dislocate a joint ข้อเคลื่อน awˬ tcuhˉ jiˆ ve dislocate a joint awˬ tcuhˉ kaˍ boundary, border เขตแดน awˬ tcuhˉ naˬ ve have joint pain, arthritis ปวดข้อ awˬ tcuhˉ pui branch (society) ท่อน awˬ tcuhˉ pui headquarters สำนักงานใหญ่ awˬ tehˆ nehˆ a wet mass (clay, saliva, snot, etc.) awˬ tehˉ k'u cawˬ elh awˬ mvuhˉ daw maˇ cawˬ ve aˬ htoꞈ ma le. ti mi tehˇ what has a trunk but no stumpˉ a paddy-field dike. (riddle) awˬ tehˬ awˬ na truly, seriously, really awˬ tehˬ awˬ na really, truly, seriously awˬ tehˬ awˬ na shiˍ htaˇ hk'a gaˬ tcuhˇ tcuhˬ aꞈ na ve he asked searching questions until he found the truth. awˬ tehˬ ca ve to seek the truth หาจริงจัง awˬ tehˬ ca ve look for something lost awˬ tehˬ luˇ seam (of a garment) ตะเข็บ awˬ tehˬ ma the truth ความจริง awˬ tehˬ naˍ maˇ tehˬ naˍ maˇ shiˍ. i don't know whether it's true or not. awˬ tehˬ tehˬ (lehˬ) really จริงๆ awˬ teꞈ teꞈve be alive มีชีวิตอยู่ awˬ teꞈ teꞈ yuˬ g'a ve capture alive จับเป็น awˬ ti awˬ tcuhˆ cawˬ ve have a permanent place to live มีหลักมีฐาน awˬ ti maˇ cawˬ no basis ไม่มีที่ awˬ to (awˬ ma) (whole) body ตัว, ร่างกาย awˬ to awˬ pon daꞈ jaˇ it's very good for the body. เพื่อสุขภาพดี awˬ to k'awˇve comfortable for the body (clothes) ตัวเปล่า awˬ to nuˆ nehˆ-ehˬ k'ai ve have one's body relaxed awˬ toˆ awˬ toˆ hpehꞈve to be in stacks เป็นชั้นๆ awˬ tuˉ a ball awˬ tuˍ tuˍ la ve a bud buds, be in bud awˬ va a trap for animals กับดัก awˬ vaˇ great-great-great-grandchild หล่อน(ลูกของเหลน) awˬ vehꞈ a screw สลักเกลียว awˬ veˆ flower ดอก awˬ veˆ hkui tuˇ flower stem awˬ veˆ jo ve have flowers, flowers appear awˬ veˆ pfuhˍ a blossom awˬ veˆ pfuhˍve a flower blooms awˬ veˆ taˬ flower stem, stalk ก้านดอกไม้ awˬ veꞈ suhˉ tuˬ screwdriver ไขควง awˬ veꞈ tcuhˆ g'awˬ ve pluck a flower awˬ viˇ awˬ nawˬ maˇ ca ve chaw a fool, doesn't look for sharpˍblunt edge คนไม่คิดหน้าไม่คิดหลัง awˬ viˇ chi maˇ cheuˬ htu-aˬ this blade is no good, it's blunt. awˬ viˇ htu ve blade is blunt awˬ viˉ older sibling, cousin พี่ awˬ viˉ awˬ ni pehˉ daꞈve be adoptive or classificatory siblings awˬ viˉ awˬ nyi caˉ daꞈ ve chaw people connected by kinship awˬ viˉ awˬ nyi hk'a dehꞈ htuiˉ daꞈ cawˇ ve yoˬ kinsmen ought to respect each other properly. awˬ viˉ awˬ nyi tehˬ tehˬ real relatives พี่น้อง(พ่อแม่เดียวกัน) awˬ viˉ awˬ nyi teˇ hpaˍ-oˬ, hk'a dehꞈ na taˍ sheˍ. brothers and sisters, listen up carefully now! awˬ vuiˬ a load, burden, guilt ภาระ awˬ vuiˬ hawˇ jaˇ k'o cawꞈ k'awꞈ ehˬ k'ai if a load is very heavy, your back gets bent awˬ vuiˬ pfuhˇve take responsibility รับผิดชอบ awˬ vuiˬ pfuhˇve bear a responsibility awˬ vuiˬ pfuhˍve lay responsibility on someone มอบเหมาย awˬ vuiˬ pfuhˍve give someone a responsibilityˬ lay a burden on someone awˬ yanˇ awˬ yanˇ k'o from time to time เป็นช่วงๆ awˬ yanˇ cawˇve be the right time awˬ yanˇ cawˬ shawˍ htaˇ while there's still time เมื่อคำนวนเวลา awˬ yanˇ geh ve enter certain time, season awˬ yanˇ jiˆ ve delay, postpone เลื่อนเวลา awˬ yanˇ jiˆ ve postpone, delay awˬ yanˇ leh ve late สาย awˬ yanˇ maˇ gaˬ sheˍ htaˇ too early awˬ yanˇ maˇ heˆ htaˇ at the wrong time ไม่ใช่เวลา awˬ yanˇ peuˬ ve spend time, devote time to หมดเวลา awˬ yanˇ ponˬ k’ai peuˬ k’o when the time is upˬ when the time has run out awˬ yanˇ tanˇve have time enough, have free time awˬ yanˇ teh taˍ ve awˬ hk'aw lo within the time allotted, allowed awˬ yanˇ teˇ yanˇ tiˉ awˬ hk'aw lo at the same time, simultaneously, meanwhile ในเวลาเดียวกัน awˬ yanˇ teˇ yanˇ tiˉ cawˇve happen at the same time, simultaneous awˬ yanˇ tiˍ taˍve set a time, make an appointment, fix a time กำหนดเวลา awˬ yawˆ yawˆ ve make a racket, comossion awˬ yawˇ to be in heat เมล็ดพันะ awˬ yawˇ ti ve plant seed ปลูกเมล็ดพันธุ์ awˬ yaˇ awˬ duˬ taˬ ve take leave of one's grandchildren awˬ yaˇ hpo son (respectful) awˬ yaˇ miˇ leh youngest daughter ลูกสาว awˬ yaˇ paˍ a lawˉ teˇ g'aˇ the first one of the sons awˬ yehˇ cheˇ a baby animal awˬ yehˇ ehˉ baby (animal) ลูกเล็ก awˬ yeˬ caˆ ve be addicted to awˬ yeꞈ cheꞈve have withdrawl symptoms awˬ yiꞈ keuˆ ve a habit develops ติดยาเสพติด aˇ toꞈ aˇ hehˇ k'o pehˇ gaˆ viˉ taˇ hiˆ don't shake up the wasps until you get a good fire going! (proverb) i.e.- don't get married until you can afford it aˉ boˆ kaw ve cover with a blanket ห่มผ้า aˉ boˆ laiˉ hk'oˆ several blankets ผ้าห่มหลายผืน aˉ caw le whirlwind aˉ caw le (lonˉ) whirlwind (tornadoˉ) หมุน aˉ caˆ rope, strap เชือก aˉ ceˇ pick axe ขวาน aˉ ceˬ gu tawꞈ ma a scorpion (poisonous crab) aˉ cu ka chopstick ตะเกียบ aˉ g'uiˬ ha shade, shadow เงา aˉ hk'aw the home, one's home บ้าน aˉ hk'aw k'oꞈ-e ve go home กลับบ้าน aˉ hk'aw kanˉ housework งานบ้าน aˉ hk'aw kanˉ housework งานบ้าน aˉ hk'aw tawˆ-e oˬ laˇ has he left the house alreadyˉ aˉ hkeh string, thread เชือก aˉ hkeh rope, cord, twine, string เชือก aˉ hpeꞈ cehˬ hawˉ chaw maˇ suh – pfuhˇ chaw cehˬ hawˉ chaw suh ve people don’t die under pepper bushes, they die under sugarcane. (proverb) aˉ hpeꞈ teˍve pound chili peppers aˉ htaw machete ดาบ aˉ htaw awˬ meuˇ point of a knife ปลายมีด aˉ htaw chaw ve chop with a knife aˉ htaw chi chi hk'e suh te aˍve the knife was about this long. aˉ htaw chi teˇ maˬ oˉ k'oˍ tawˬ-ehˬ ve yoˬ. the knife has a blunt tip. aˉ htaw iˉ kaˆ chaw hk'aˇ maˇ tawˍ a knife leaves no cutting-mark on water. aˉ htaw juˆ baˆ ve be wounded by a knife aˉ htaw juˆ ve stab with a knife aˉ htaw pfuhˇve wear a knifeˬ carry a knife aˉ htaw tawˆ ve cut with a machete aˉ htaw tcuhˍve to temper a knife aˉ htaw tuˇ macheteˍsword handle aˉ htaw viˇ htaˆ tuˬ te ve sharpen a knife blade aˉ htaˇ htaˇve strum the jewsharp aˉ htaˇ pfuhˇve carry a jewsharp aˉ hteꞈ small knife มีดเล็ก aˉ hteꞈ chi zuhˬ ve nyiˇ kuˇ tiˉ hpehꞈve this knife is only 16 fingers long. aˉ hteꞈ tawˆ ve cut with a knife aˉ hteꞈ tuˇ knife-handle aˉ hteꞈ tuˇ aˉ hteꞈ tiˬ maˇ g'a a knife can't whittle it's own handle aˉ hteꞈ tuˇ aˉ hteꞈ tiˬ maˇ g'a a knife can't whittle its own handle. (proverb) aˉ kaꞈ (yehˬ) outdoors ห้องน้ำ aˉ kaꞈ lo ve to have diarrhea ท้องเสีย aˉ ku te father's older sister's husband aˉ lehꞈ hk'aˇve be too salty เกลือเค็ม aˉ lehꞈ lehˉ leh naˍ yuˬ ve tame an animal by feeding it salt aˉ nawˇ glue, gum aˉ nawˇ behˇve chew gum เคี้ยวหมากฝรั่ง aˉ naˆ k'aˍ crow aˉ naˬ be awed, reverent โรค aˉ nyi yesterday aˉ pawˇ chiˆ caˇve roast bananas and eat aˉ pawˇ de banana plantation aˉ pawˇ k'u banana กล้วย aˉ pawˇ k'u htu-e ve harvest bananasˬ chop down bananas aˉ pawˇ tehꞈ kind of short, stubby banana aˉ poꞈ aꞈ tiˉ hk'aˆ shiˍ tawˉve sew buttons onto a shirt aˉ poꞈ chi nawˬ aꞈ cawˇ jaˇ this shirt fits you very well aˉ poꞈ chi teˇ hk'oˆ awˬ hk'aw htaw paˍ maˇ this shirt has many holes in it. เสื้อตัวนี้มีหลายรู aˉ poꞈ chi tzuhꞈ kuiˬ cawˬ htawˇ nehˉ deh hpehꞈ aw even though this shirt has a rip, it can be patched and worn aˉ poꞈ deh ve put on a shirt aˉ poꞈ hpa maˇ chiˇ not weave cloth for shirts aˉ poꞈ k'awꞈ htaiˍve change one's shirt aˉ poꞈ oˇ ve iˉ kaˆ gawˬ taˇ tsuhˇ. dehˬ law don't wash that shirt in cold water, it'll shrink! aˉ poꞈ piˍ old shirt เสื้อเก่า aˉ poꞈ teˇ hk’oˆ yehˇ maw k’o puˬ-ehˬ k’ai law when you’ve used a shirt for a long time it gets frayed. aˉ suhˆ kaꞈ nuiˬ aꞈ teˇ geh te, teˇ geh te, k'oˆ ve chi yoˬ that's why i kept telling you before to work together. aˉ suhˆ nyi hk'awꞈ the year before last สองปีที่แล้ว aˉ taˬ stick ไม้เรียว aˉ taˬ (du) a stick aˉ taˬ che ve sharpen a stick to a point aˉ taˬ meuˇ tawˍ-ehˬ te ve square off the end of a stick aˉ taˬ puˬ a frayed stick aˉ yu peˬ a swing ชิงช้า aˉ yuꞈ caˉve perform a life-extending ceremony (red lahu) aˉ yuꞈ co paˇ long life, longevity aˍ miˍ taˇ chiˆ don't burn yourself in the fire. aˬ htoꞈ ma (htaꞈ) pa taw le whyˉ for what reasonˉ เพราะอะไร aˬ htoꞈ ma awˬ ceuˬ htawˇ no matter what อะไรก็ตาม aˬ laˬ hkui tuˇ flagpole aˬ laˬ hk'e almost, nearly ประมาณ aˬ laˬ laˬ about, approximately เกือบ aˬ loˬ poˬ htoˇ oh no, คำอุทาน aˬ ma naˍ pehˉ aˆ i wonder what that is over yonder. aˬ miˍ ceh kuiˬ fireplace aˬ miˍ chi tehˆ tehˆ te chehˇ shawˍ the fire is still crackling away. aˬ miˍ chiˆ jaˇ the fire's very hot! aˬ miˍ cuˇve get a light from someone else's fire aˬ miˍ hkehˇ lamp ตะเกียง aˬ miˍ hteꞈve start a fire by friction aˬ miˍ law deh kuiˬ railroad station aˬ miˍ lawˬ a train รถไฟ aˬ miˍ lehˬ ve warm by the fire ผิงไฟ aˬ miˍ pfuhˍ pehˍve put out a fire (with water) aˬ miˍ po stove aˬ miˍ poꞈ a torch aˬ miˍ shaˉ tcuh tcuh k'ai ve heated air ripples (mirage effect) aˬ miˍ shiˍ htaw ve set a granade to go off by pulling the pin aˬ miˍ shiˍ poˆ ve bombˍgrenade explodes aˬ miˍ tcuh ve make a fire aˬ miˍ teˇ poꞈ a fire aˬ miˍ tzuhꞈve spark of fire aˬ moꞈ jehˬ peˍve terminate a lawsuit aˬ muˬ or else เดี๋ยว aˬ muˬ teˇ hkui in a moment เดี๋ยว aˬ muˬ teˇ hkui a short time from now, in a moment อีกสักครู่ aˬ mvuhˬ dawˇ mi k'o g'aꞈ aˇ mi k'oˆ puiˉ-aˬ mehˍ otherwise people may say, 'by the time you caught the thought, you couldn't catch the thing!' aˬ mvuhˬ teˇ hkui in a short whileˬ otherwise aˬ mvuhˬ teˇ hkui suh-e ve yoˬ you'll soon die. otherwise, you'll die. aˬ naˍ chaw yaˇ htaꞈ naˬ maˇ na sheˍ the sickness has not yet been cured from the people. aˬ neˬ youngster aˬ ponˍ k'awˍve tell a story aˬ sheh htaˇ a few minutes ago, in the very recent past aˬ sho-eˬ htaˇ a very long time ago, once upon a time aˬ sho-eˬ htaˇ ceˇ it is said that once upon a time... aˬ sho-eˬ puˍ co-e pi co-e teˇ yanˇ kaˍ once upon a time in the days of our forefathers aˬ sho-eˬ teˇ co-e in olden times, times of old ba ehˬ mawˬ ve see clearly เห็นแสงสว่าง baiˉ chi pehꞈ shanˍ a ciˉ tawˆ a please change this bill into coins for me. bawehˇ k'awꞈ bawehˇ le all over the room ทั่วห้อง bawehˇ kawehꞈ corner of a room bawehˬ jaˇ just outside the room bawˆ cheuˬ ve be a good shot, shoot well bawˆ daꞈve shoot each other bawˆ hkawˇ sound of gunfire เสียงยิง bawˆ jaˇ shoot many (animals) bawˆ k'ehˆ ve shoot and miss ยิงเฉียดๆ bawˆ paˍ-e ve fell with a shotˬ shoot down ยิงล้ม bawˆ shiˍ hta ve slap a ball (as in volleyball) bawˉ shiˍ baˬ pfuhˍ daꞈve throw a ball back and forth bawˉ shiˍ dawˆ paˍ chi teˇ paˉ this team of ball-players ผู้เล่นฟุตบอลทีมนี้ bawˉ shiˍ hko ballfield, sports field bawˉ shiˍ hteˆ ve kick a ballˬ play football bawˉ shiˍ pawˆ taˆ la ve a ball bounces up baˆ kehˬ ve purify from a sin baˇ guiˇve fool around, joke around with baˬ (ve) hkawˇ maˇ nawˇ not have the sense to throw it away baˬ pfuhˍve throw with forceˬ hurl baˬ teh ve discard permanently baꞈ che ve to sharpen baꞈ noˆ ve peel and insert tightly into behˆ naˉve talk too muchˬ not let others get a word in edgewise behˇ caˍve to chew up and feed to (an infant) behˇ guiˇ tuˬ ve tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ chewing-gum behˇ k'uˉve hug, embrace กอด behˇ nehˆ ve chew up fine behˇ tcuhꞈve to chew thoroughly behꞈ noˆ hairpin beu ve deˇve complain and scold bitterly beuꞈ jaˇ be very angry at beuꞈ naˬ ve be sick with anger biˆ kawehꞈ fish hook เบ็ดตกปลา biˆ teh ve set a spring-trap biˇ daꞈ jaˇ be perfect bo leˇ te kuiˬ awˬ hk'oꞈ shuwehˍ gutter of a bowling alley ทำพิธีทางศาสนาในหุบเขา bon aꞈ cuˇve depend on goodwill, someone's favor bon kawanˇ deacon bon kuˬ ve pray (animist) bon kwanˇ religious leader of a church bon naꞈ hkawˇ words of a blessing คำอวยพร bon naꞈ piˇ ve, bon naꞈ laˇve bless someone, bestow blessings on someone bon nuˇve be weak in one's religionˬ have little faith bon tcuhˉ puiˍ religious headquarters bon yaˇ ca hpehꞈ la gehˇ shawˍ it still hasn't been long since he went and became a christian. bon yehˬ hk'aw yaˇ miˇ teˇ kaˬ hawˉ hk'aˆ teˇ kaˬ g'a mui ve yoˬ. in church the men and women must sit in seperate places. ในโบสถ์ผู้ชายกับผู้หญิงนั่งคนละที่ bon yehˬ kaꞈ cawˬ aˬ laˇ is there a church tooˉ boˆ boˆ tehˉ tehꞈ te ve go nighty-night boˆ chawꞈve kiss boˆ nu ve lean over and kiss bvuhˬ chaweh kuˬ ve call quite loudly bvuhꞈ jawˬ ve practice writing bvuhꞈ teh ve write something and leave it ca clf for couples, pairs ca (v)ve seek to (v), goˍcome and (v) ca beu ca lehꞈ toˇve gossip, slander, go around spreading gossip ca caˇ g'aꞈ caˇ-e nyi saturday (ˉ) ca caˇve seek one's livelihood ca caˉ caˇve go and boil and eat ca chehˇ k'ai ve go and live somewhere else ca chiˇ ca ngaˍ go around borrowing from people ca chiˇ ca taˆ ve do heavy labor ca cuˇ kuiˬ someoneˍsomething to be depended on, a refuge ca guiˇ la ve chaw a visitor, a guest ca guiˇ toˇve go visiting around (for pleasure) ca guiˇve to visit ca guiˇ ve tiˉ maˇ heˆ, chehˇ kaꞈ chehˇ tuˬ yoˬ not only will i come to visit, but i'll stay there too. ca haꞈve go to meet someone, receive someone ca henˇ la come to study ca hkanˇ goldsmith ca hto ve report something, goˍcome and tell something ca hto ve report toˬ go and tell ca juˆ ca beˬ ve go around stirring up trouble ca juˇ guiˇ-e ve go for a stroll, walk for fun ca kawˇ toˇve go visiting, travelling for fun ไปหา, เที่ยวเล่น ca la mighty, powerful (animistˉ) ca liˉ paˍ blacksmith, armorer, metal-worker ca mawˬ ve find what one was looking for ca maˇ g'a seek and not find, be unsuccessful in one's search ca maˇ mawˬ not be able to find something ca ngawˇ toˇve go around gawking (without helping out) ca nyi ve to go and look at, go and see something ca nyi ve try looking for ca nyi ve go to look at ca nyi ve tiˉ maˇ heˆ i haven't just come to look. ca peu ve goˍcome and send ca taˆ k'oˆ piˇve go and report a decision to someone ca taˍve take a matter to court, "go and lay blame" ca te toˇve go around doing, hang around various places ca teh ve to make arrangements, make preparations ca tuˍve to bury ca ve to search for, seek, look for ca ve g'aꞈ ve g'a ve seek and obtain (through one's efforts) ca yaꞈ ca te la ve come and make trouble ca yuˬ la ve come and fetch something ca zuhꞈve go to sleep canˇ liꞈ the bible canˇ liꞈ awˬ piˍ old testament canˇ liꞈ awˬ suhˉ new testament canˇ liꞈ chi teˇ maˬ lehˬ awˬ ti tcuhˉ kuiˬ cawˬ ve teˇ hpaˍ cawˬ maˇ ve yoˬ this book of the bible contains many passages. canˇ nyi lawˇ nyi ve to test, try out canˇ paˍ an enemy, hated person canˇve to hate canˇve to test, put to test canˍ yuˬ ve to stand firm, hold firm canˬ ve be fierce, dangerous caw (v)ve to (v) around, go around (v)ing caw caw leh uiˍ la ve go around in bigger and bigger circles, spiral outward caw caw te ve go round and round caw gehˬ ve, caw vaiˇve spin fast, whirl around caw heuˬ-e ve go around something to avoid it, take a detour caw hu ve stand in a circle caw juˆ ve go around poking caw k'ai ve turn (as a corner) caw k'oꞈ la ve go around somewhere and come back caw ko ve surround with a fence ล้อมรอบ caw ko ve make a fence around caw law vicinity, area caw mui ve sit in a circle caw nyi ve look all around caw nyi ve look all around caw paw marrow caw poˬ ve fly around caw taˍve to be surrounded caw ti ve plant around caw toˇve roam around caw toˇve wander around caw ve to train, try out, test caw ve go around something, revolve around caw zuhˇve go completely around, make a complete circuit of caw, caweh clf for circuits, rounds, turns caw-e ve go in a circular, curvy path cawehˬ a joy, a viss (1.6 kilograms) cawnˇ (yehˬ) school cawnˇ oˆ principal, headmaster cawnˍ umbrella, parasol cawnˍ hk'awˆ ve spread an umbrella, protect head with parasol cawˆ clf for strips, a row cawˆ cawˆ coˇ caˇve try again and again, attempt again and again cawˇ sea-serpent, crocodile cawˇ daꞈ hui daꞈ be in mutual agreement, united cawˇ daꞈ la ve to fall in love with, be attracted to cawˇ daꞈ lawꞈ-ehˬ just rightˬ neither too much or too little cawˇ daꞈve get along well together cawˇ daꞈve get along well togetherˬ harmonize cawˇ lawꞈ-ehˬ just right, neither too much or too little cawˇ lawꞈ-ehˬ k'ai ve end up just right, turn out perfectly cawˇ maˇve mostly correct cawˇ oˬ it's okay now, now it's alright cawˇ shehˍ ma dragon cawˇ taˍ ve vaꞈ oˉ k'oˍ a pig's head that has been boiled cawˇ tuˬ te ve correct something, put in proper shape cawˇve fitting, proper, should cawˇve boil for hours until very soft cawˇ ve yoˬ ehꞈ neˍ it's right, i tell you. ถูกแล้วแหละ cawˉ ciˉ cawˉ ciˉ ticklish feeling, itchy feeling cawˉ lawˇ cawˉ lawˇ around and around cawˉ teh wrinkles, creases cawˉve be slim, thin, skinny cawˍ aˍve leaning against cawˍ keu ve pour or dump into cawˍ nyi kuˇ spokes of an umbrella cawˍ nyi kuˇ umbrella spoke cawˍ nyi ve look up cawˍve pour, dump cawˍve set something upright, stand something up cawˬ spoon cawˬ aw there are some! there is one! cawˬ baˬ cawˬ meuˇ earthly rulers cawˬ buˉ ruler, a catholic priest cawˬ buˉ ma a nun cawˬ haˍve be unwell, sick cawˬ hehˉ, cawˬ huiˉ-ehˉ be small in amount cawˬ k'oˇve hand something up to cawˬ la ve to get, to come to have, to appear cawˬ muiˬ hk'e ceh ve (n) an ordinary, regular (n) เท่าที่เคยมี cawˬ muiˬ hk'e ceh ve (n) an ordinary, usual (n) cawˬ paˆ powerful leader (shan) cawˬ paˍ a wealthy person cawˬ shaˍve be well, in good health cawˬ taˍve to be left over cawˬ taˍ ve awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ future still before us, that which is ordained อนาคตที่มี cawˬ tehˬ maˇ ve yoˬ indeed there are many of them cawˬ tuˬ maˇ loˍ don't have to have ไม่จำเป็นต้องมี cawˬ vaˇ ruler, lord cawˬ ve hand something over to, pass something to cawˬ ve to have, to be in existence, be there cawꞈ back (body), waist cawꞈ cehˍ nyi waist, loins, lower back cawꞈ dawˇ naˬ ve for the back muscles to hurt cawꞈ gawˇ bumps in the spine cawꞈ hkaw puiˉ ehˬ mui ve sit slouching, stooping นั่งหลังโก่ง cawꞈ hkaw puiˉ ehˬ te toˇve walk slouching, stooping เดินหลังโก่ง cawꞈ k'awꞈ paˍ hunchback cawꞈ k'awꞈve have a crooked, bent back cawꞈ tcuhˉ spinal vertebrae cawꞈ tcuhˉ g'awˇ awˬ hk'aw ve awˬ caw paw spinal cord กระดูกไขข้อ cawꞈ tcuhˉ g'awˇ, cawꞈ g'awˇ spinal column caˆ muiˬ hkuiˬ muiˬ be rude, loud, insolent caˆ muiˬ puiˉve be vain, conceited, arrogant caˆ muiˬ ve be disdainful, arrogant caˇ a k'o nuˬ a nyi smell before you eat! (proverb) caˇ a tehꞈ te k'o, nuˬ a nyi, te a tehꞈ te k'o g'a dawˇ nyi ve if you intend to eat, try smellingˬ if you intend to do, try thinking. (proverb) caˇ baˬ ve to divide caˇ bvuhꞈ dawˬ bvuhꞈve to eat and drink to one's fill caˇ chu ve get fat from eating caˇ dawꞈve eat to the point of nausea caˇ daꞈve to be edible, good to eat caˇ guiˇve have a snack caˇ hk'eh ve eat to excess กินเติบ caˇ hk'eh ve eat to excess caˇ hk'eu dawˬ hk'eu eating utensils, food and drink caˇ hpehˇve finish eating caˇ keu ve ingest กินใส่ caˇ kuiˬ place to eat ที่กิน caˇ lanˇ list, account, register caˇ lanˇ bvuhꞈ ve liꞈ ledger, account-book caˇ lanˇ chaˬ nyi ve check overˍaudit accounts caˇ lawn meuꞈ lawn k'ai ve regain one's appetite caˇ lawꞈve be enough to eat caˇ liˇ dawˬ liˇ eating manners caˇ lu caˇ htaˆ all kinds of food caˇ lu diˬ aˬ it looks delicious! caˇ maˇ mehˬ dawˬ maˇ mehˬ not enjoy one's food caˇ maˇ na inedible caˇ maˇ tanˇ have no time to eat caˇ maˇve eat a lot caˇ meh ve be cooked until done caˇ mehˬ ve be delicious, enjoy one's food caˇ na ve to be good to eat, edible caˇ na ve good to eatˬ edible caˇ naˉve eat selfishly, glutton caˇ naˉve be stingy with food caˇ paˍ someone who comes to eat caˇ piˍ old food, food one eats all the time caˇ puiˉve eat well, good appetite caˇ sheˆ dawˬ sheˆ ve spill food or drink, leave uneaten caˇ ta dawˬ ta abundance of food and drink caˇ tcuhˇ tcuhˬ maˇ meh it's not cooked very well. caˇ tcuhˬ aꞈ maˇ meh it's not cooked very thoroughly. caˇ tuˬ food caˇ tuˬ ce (kan)ve to fast, abstain from food caˇ tuˬ chi teˇ pa ngaˬ te puiˉ-aˬ i know how to cook these few kinds of food. caˇ tuˬ dawˬ tuˬ eat and drink caˇ tuˬ gu ve prepare food, cook caˇ tuˬ k'aˉve choke on food อาหารติดคอ caˇ tuˬ ve to be stingy with food caˇ tuˬ ve be stingy with food caˇ uiˍ dawˬ uiˍ paˍ a glutton, a big eater caˇ uiˍve eat a lot, big eater กินจุ, ตะกละ caˇ uiˍve be a big eater caˇ uˉ dawˬ uˉ firstfruits, first food from new crops caˇve to eat caˇ ve dawˬ ve eat and drink caˇ ve dawˬ ve taˇ te don't eat or drink! caˇ yanˇ time to eat caˇ yaꞈ dawˬ yaꞈve eat poisonous, spoiled food caˇ yehˬ dawˬ yehˬ a restaurant caˇ-a tehˬ te k'o nuˬ a nyi if you intend to eat it, smell it first. (proverb) caˉ clf for groups, for generations caˉ behˆ heavy stirring spoon caˉ caˇve boil something to eat caˉ daꞈ kuiˬ junction, point of connection caˉ daꞈ kuiˬ ve awˬ mehˆ hyphen ไฮเฟ็น(-) caˉ daꞈve be related, involved, connected together caˉ henˇve continue with one's studies caˉ hk'eh jawꞈ pawˆ ve jump rope caˉ hkeh jawꞈ pawˆ ve jump rope caˉ k'awˇ veˆ orchid caˉ maˇ nawꞈ not get soft and edible when boiledˬ not be boiled soft enough caˉ nawꞈve boil until done caˉ teh ve to boil and set aside to cool caˉve boil, cook in water caˉve join, connect, continue caˍ la ve sprout forth, shoot up caˍ nuˇ a sapling caˍ saˉ naˉ food distribution center caˍve to feed, give to eat caˍve to sprout, shoot (of a bud, new growth) caˍ ve taw ve give food and drink to caˬ paddy, rice caˬ clf for shelves, layers, levels caˬ caˬ not so much caˬ chiˍ tzuhˬ rice liquor caˬ chu paˍ fatty, fatso (nickname) caˬ daꞈ good-looking, lucky (man's name) caˬ go lo daddy-long legs, biting beetle caˬ hk'a chiˇve borrow rice caˬ hk'a tiˆ ve soak rice caˬ hkanˇ paˍ goldsmith caˬ hkehˍ monitor lizard caˬ hkeuꞈ burnt rice (sticks to pot) ข้าวไหม้ caˬ hkui name given to boy born on a moonlit night or at midnight caˬ hpu whitie (to name male animal) caˬ htawˇ rabbit (man's name) caˬ jawꞈ kuiˬ threshing floor caˬ k'aˍ paˍ jerk, a fool คนใบ้ caˬ k'aˍ paˍ dummy, foolish man caˬ kawehˬ weevil (elephant like 'trunk') caˬ leh name for last born son caˬ liˉ paˍ aˉ htaw teˇ maˬ dawˆ laˇ tuˬ ceˇ the blacksmith said he would forge us a knife. caˬ miˬ ricefield caˬ mvuhˇ caˬ k'a peh daddy-long legs caˬ mvuhˇ kuiˬ chameleon caˬ nawˇ sticky rice caˬ nawˇ awˍ cooked sticky rice caˬ nawˇ hk'a uncooked sticky rice caˬ naˆ blackie (to name male animal) caˬ nu rice panicle caˬ paˍ shuˉ hk'u nyi dragonfly caˬ pfuhˇve carry threshed paddy back to the village caˬ sheˆ hill-rice caˬ sheˍve sow rice broadcast caˬ shi goldie (to name male animal) caˬ suhˉ first rice of year caˬ suhˉ awˍ ca chehˇve relax at the new rice festival caˬ ti ve plant rice caˬ tiˍ name given to only son caˬ uiˍ name for a firstborn son caˬ uˉ name given to firstborn son caˬ uˉ ma first rice to be harvested caˬ ve be cleaver, skillful, be brave, energetic caˬ yawˇ rice seed caˬ yawˇ hk'a ve plant rice by hand caˬnuˇ suhˍ tanˇ awnˍ tuˬ ngaˬ dawˇ law ve yoˬ i hope that janu will pass the 7th standard. caˬvaˆ changwat caˬvaˆ awˬ to governor of a province caꞈ device, machine caꞈ clf for groups caꞈ baˬ ve push over, push away caꞈ ce ve push something so it falls caꞈ gu paˍ a mechanic caꞈ hk'eun machine เครื่องยนต์ caꞈ hk'eun equipment, machinery caꞈ hkeh rope, cord caꞈ hoˆ ve turn off a machine caꞈ hoˆ ve push shut caꞈ hpaw ve turn on a machine caꞈ hpaw ve push open caꞈ htawˆ ve to type caꞈ k'awꞈ ehˬ k'ai ve bend over, bend one's back caꞈ k'oˬ ve push back caꞈ keu ve push into caꞈ nawˍve start an engine caꞈ nawˍve start an engineˬ turn on a machine เปิดเครื่อง caꞈ naꞈ future generations, era caꞈ peu ve push something away caꞈ ponˬ airplane caꞈ ponˬ aˬ miˍ shiˍ keu ve drop bombs เครื่องบินทิ้งระเบิด caꞈ ponˬ deh kuiˬ place where a plane lands, airstrip สนามบิน caꞈ ponˬ liꞈ airmail letter caꞈ ponˬ taˆ e ve to take off (plane) caꞈ ponˬ yaꞈve to land (plane) caꞈ poˬ airplane caꞈ poˬ aꞈ taˇ kawˆ mehˍ don't be afraid of the airplane. caꞈ poˬ deh airstripˬ landing field caꞈ poˬ hk'ehˇ hk'aw tail of a plane หางเครื่องบิน caꞈ poˬ toˍ laꞈ k'uˉ wing of a plane caꞈ pu ve push something overˬ push something so it rolls over ผลัก caꞈ tawˇ yaw tuˬ telephone caꞈ tawˍ tractor caꞈ tawˍ awˬ piˍ chi htawˍ chehˇ shawˍ this old tractor still works. caꞈve push caꞈ yaꞈve push downward ce arrow ce kan ve observe a fast ถือศิล ce peu piˇve to send by dropping ce piˇve make it fallˬ drop something ce tcuh ve to cause something to fall down ce ve to fall (from a height) ce ve to fast, abstain ceh a pair, even number ceh intersection ceh piˇve cause to pair up, have a couple marry ceh tiˉ only, only to a certain extent cehnˍ thoroughly, clearly cehˇ ehˬ wide open (adverb) cehˇ tcuh scissors cehˇve advise, discuss cehˍ cehˍ noˆ noˆ te ve press against cehˍve to be too narrow (opening) cehˬ a plant cehˬ clf for plants cehˬ (dawˆ ve) (beat) a drum cehˬ dawˆ ve beat a drum cehˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ base of treeˍplant, roots cehˬ k'oˍ drum กลอง cehꞈve be crushed, be squashed cenˇ maiˇ venˇ chehˇ ve ha pa nyiˇ maˬ gaˬ ve yoˬ. we stayed in chiang mai 2 months. ceu ve hover, float motionless ceuˉ cawˬ christendom, community of christians ceuˬ kind, sort, variety ceuˬ clf for kinds, sorts, etc. ceuˬ shehnˍ kind, species (formal) ceuˬ ve watch over, observe carefully (supernatural being) ceˇ cattle, domestic animal ceˇ (quotative particle, reported speech) ceˇ awˍ fodder, food for animals ceˇ baˬ-ehˬ not level ceˇ caˬ domestic animal ceˇ caˬ naˆ tsuhˇ shehˍ hpaˇ veterinarian ceˇ dawˇ chiang dao ceˇ ha caˬ ha souls of the animals ceˇ haiˇ chiang rai ceˇ hk'oˆ caˬ hk'oˆ peunˍ shehˍ hpaˇ he who rules over all animals ceˇ hpawˇ caˬ hpawˇ involving animals ceˇ hu caˬ hu raise livestock ceˇ k'aˍ caˬ k'aˍ animals ceˇ leˇ scribe, clerk ceˇ mvuh animal hair, fur ceˇ tuˬ kengtung ceˇ vaˍ ceˇ cehnˉ a superabundance of animals ceˍ corner, angle ceˍ ceˇ leˇ sideways ceˍve to create, implant vital force into living things ceˍ ve tawˇve be mindful of needs of creatures ceˬ ko ve be encircled with colored haze (the sun) ceꞈ bundle of faggots used as a torch cha vagina cha cuˉ nyi clitoris cha hawˇ ma prostitute cha loˬ womb, uterus (red lahu) chaw person, man chaw sweet chaw (awˬ) tawnˇ eunuch, castrated person chaw awˬ hkui human footprints รอยเท้าคน chaw awˬ hoˆ awˬ han statue, carving of living person, representation of human figure chaw awˬ nawˉ bony protrusion of human neck, cervical vertebrae chaw awˬ tawnˇ castration ขันที chaw aꞈ htehˆ puiˉ-aˬ the lightning might strike somebody. chaw bawˬ ve, chaw bawˬ paˍ, chaw bawˬ ma lazy person chaw caˬ chaw lawˇ vicious people chaw ceuˬ a race, lineage chaw ceuˬ a race, a people chaw ceuˬ teˇ hkeuˇ a race of people chaw chaꞈ chiˆ a slob chaw chi hk'a peu-eˬ awˬ hk'oˇ ui' jaˇve he is greater than all these people ใหญ่กว่าใคร chaw chi ma ve awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ leh in the sight of all these people chaw chiˆ ve cremate a person chaw daꞈ hk'e leˇ hpehꞈ ve yoˬ he looks like a good guy. ดูเหมือนเป็นคนดี chaw daꞈve a good person chaw daꞈve fight with knives chaw eˬ maˇ cawˬ te k'o, kanˉ te kiˬ jaˇ since there aren't any people (to help) i'm very busy. chaw g'awˆ a good-for-nothing chaw g'uˇ a madman, lunatic, crazy person chaw g'uˇ ma a crazy woman chaw ha human soul chaw ha ku a ghost chaw ha vaˇ ha xxxxx human soul chaw haiˬ chi suh suh teꞈ teꞈ htawˇ g'a yuˬ ve this bandit must be caught dead or alive. chaw hawehˬ vaˇ hawehˬ many people chaw haˉ kehˬ an old bachelor คนโสดที่อายุมาก chaw haˉ paˍ a bachelor, youth, young man chaw haˉ paˍ lonˉ older bachelor chaw haˉ te ve act the lover, act like young man in love chaw haˉ yaˇ miˇ haˉ young men and women chaw heh vaˇ heh a strong person chaw heˍ a liar, a cheat chaw hk'awˇ thief, robber chaw hk'awˇ chaw naˆ bandit, thief, robber คนขโมย chaw hk'awˇ co ve be attacked by robbers chaw hk'awˇ cu ve attacked by armed robbers chaw hk'awˇ dawˆ ve victim of an armed robbery chaw hk'awˇ dawˆ ve killed by robbers chaw hk'aˇ the way of chopping รอยตัด chaw hk'aˇ lineage, line of descent chaw hkawˇ people's advice ภาษาคน chaw hkawˇ human speech, good advice chaw hkawˇ henˇ paˍ a linguist chaw hkawˇ leuˉve ignore advice, disobey advice ดื้อรัน chaw hkawˇ maˇ nawˇ be unconscious คนไม่รู้บุญคูณ chaw hkawˇ maˇ nawˇ, nawˬ you're totally unreasonable! chaw hkawˇ na ve heed people's advice chaw hkawˇ shiˍve be rational, reasonable chaw hpaw hk'oˇ refugee chaw hpeh (yuˬ)ve capture a person, restrain someone by force chaw hpehˇve cut loose chaw hpfuhˆ a traitor chaw hpfuhˆ paˍ | ma traitor ˍ traitoress คนทรยศ chaw hpoˆ chaw diˬ a large crowd of people chaw i, chaw ehˉ a common man, average person chaw jaˆ a sneaky person, a spy chaw jaˆ a spy, sneaky person chaw jaˆ ma a female spy chaw k'aˍ a mute, dumb person chaw k'aˍ paˍ a fool, a mute คนโง่ chaw keh neh, chaw kehˆ nehˆ short person, shorty คนเตี้ย chaw law human life in society chaw law (vaˇ law) norms of behavior, way of life ปฎิบัติตัว, วิถีชีวิต chaw lawˇ la ve overpopulated ˍ overcrowded ประชากรเพิ่ม chaw lawˇ la ve become overcrowded with people chaw laˆ smart person คนฉลาด chaw liˇ henˇ paˍ anthropologist นักมนุษยวิทยา chaw liˇ henˇ paˍ anthropologist chaw liˇ vaˇ liˇ culture chaw liˇ vaˇ liˇ human rules of conduct, norms of behavior chaw lonˉ ma giant ยักษ์ chaw lonˉ ma a giant ยักษ์ chaw lonˉ ma a giant chaw luˬ scoundrel, wretch, good-for-nothing person chaw mawˇ aged person, ancestor, forefather chaw mawˇ awˬ liˇ a custom of the elders, tradition ประเพณี chaw mawˇ chaw kehˉ an old person, elders chaw mawˇ hkawˇ proverb, saying of elders คำโบราณ chaw mawˇ hkawˇ advice from elders, proverbs chaw mawˇ k'uˉ a very old person, old codger chaw mawˇ kanˇ paˆ the authority of the elders อำนาจชองบรรพบุรุษ chaw mawˇ ma an old women chaw mawˇ paˍ an old man chaw mawˇ ve tawˇ hkawˇ maˇ na k'o if you don't heed your elders' words... chaw mawˇ zuhꞈ yanˇ old person's bedtime chaw maˇ k'oˆ mawˬ i've never heard anyone say that. chaw maˇ mawˬ jaw how strange! how amazing! chaw maˇ shawˍ treat someone wˍcontempt chaw meh, chaw meh paˍ, chaw meh ma a person who cannot have children chaw moˍ chaw cuˇ large crowd chaw mui guiˇ kuiˬ living room ที่นั่งเล่น chaw mui guiˇ kuiˬ living room chaw naˆ rascal, bandit, robber chaw naˆ banditˬ robberˬ thief chaw naˆ ve follow a trackˍtrail chaw naˆ ve track down game chaw naˬ a sick person, a patient chaw ngaw te ve observe proper conduct, act responsibly chaw nyi haꞈ shaˉ paˍ caretaker, guardian, warden, (male) nurse chaw nyi ve try to track chaw nyiˇ ceuˬ pawnˇ daꞈ taˍ ve awˬ yaˇ child of mixed parentage chaw nyiˇ hkanˉ twenty people chaw oˇ teˇ g'aˇ kaˉ ku chaw g'uˇ hk'e yoˬ. that guy is leering like a madman. chaw paw chaw sha rich people, the rich, a rich man chaw pehˇ edible variety of taro chaw pehˍve hack to death chaw pehꞈve promiscuous person chaw sehnˍ (g'aw ve) population (take a census of) chaw sha human flesh คนรวย chaw shaˍ human flesh chaw shaˍ caˇ ve chaw a cannibal chaw shenˍ population ราษฎร chaw shenˍ g'aw ve to take a census นับจำนวนประชากร chaw suh dead person chaw suh chaw teꞈ fuiˍ taˍ ve yoˬ the living have been separated from the dead. chaw suh mvuhˇ miˬ land of the dead chaw suh tuˉ kuiˬ a crematorium chaw ta laiˉ many people chaw ta vaˇ ta everybody chaw taˇ juˆ don't point at people! chaw tehˬ chaw na respectful person, physically normal person chaw tehˬ ma normal people (red lahu) chaw tehꞈ nehˉ a short person คนเตี้ย chaw teˇ ca a married couple chaw teˇ cuˇ a group of people chaw teˇ pa the people staying in a temporary dwelling chaw teˇ pa some people chaw teꞈve living person chaw tiˍ an only child chaw tiˍ, yaˇ tiˍ an only child chaw tiˬ chaw tawnˇ a childless coupleˬ a couple with few children chaw tiˬ chaw tawˇ a childless couple chaw tsuhˆ a tightwad, tightfisted person chaw tuˍ kuiˬ grave, tomb chaw tuˍ ve, chaw duˇ tuˍve bury a person chaw tuˬ stingy person chaw tuˬ paˍ stingy person chaw uiˍ important person, official คนใหญ่ chaw uiˍ adult, important person chaw uiˍ chaw i people great and small chaw vaˍ chaw sehnˉ a superabundance of people chaw ve to chop ฟัน chaw ve follow the tracks of an animal chaw ve to cross over chaw ve chop, hack, slash with force chaw yaˇ human being chaw yaˇ vaˇ yaˇ humanity มนุษย์ chaw yaˇ vaˇ yaˇ humanity chaw yehˇ-ehˉ awˬ han mannikin, doll chaweh (adverb, intensifier) chaweh (maˇ chaweh) (adj. intensifier, quite a lot) chawˇ nawˬ ve be bruised (people, fruit) chawˇ tsuhˆ tightfisted person chawˇ(-e)ve be bruised chawˉ-ehˬ te ve to sweeten chawˉehˬ sweet หวาน chawꞈ dawˬ tuˬ drinking straw chawꞈ fiˍve suck dry, suck until empty chawꞈ puiˉ ve sehˇ nehˆ quicksand chawꞈve suck, suck up, absorb chaˆ daꞈve have a long feud with, mutually bear grudges chaˬ nyi ve to investigate, check into chaꞈ chiˆ piˇ lawˬ cause to be dirtyˬ defile ทำให้สกปรก chaꞈ chiˆ tuˬ te ve to soil, to make unclean, to make dirty chaꞈ chiˆ ve be dirty, morally vile chaꞈ naˬ ve be disgusted by something, cannot stand someone chaꞈ naˬ ve be revoltedˍdisgustedˬ abhor something chaꞈve filthy, dirty, disgusted che tuˬ ve htawˇ g'euˆ filter paper che ve to filter, strain che ve stretch out, extend che ve make a point on, sharpen to a point cheh mortar cheh keu rice pounder cheh keu daˍ crossbar of rice-pounder cheh keu tiˉ tuˬ pestle of a pounder cheh laꞈ wooden mortar in which to pound rice by hand cheh laꞈ teˍve pound rice by hand cheh ve be tasty, well spiced chehhpu, oˉ k'oˍ tsuhˇ tuˬ ve naˆ tsuhˇ shampoo chehˆ a bank check chehˆ choˆ ve pluck and stick in chehˆ nehˉve be an exact copy, be the spitting image of someone chehˆ nehˉve copyˍpluck and paste onˬ to be in the image ofˬ resemble chehˇ bawˬ ve be bored, tired of living chehˇ baˬ aˍve to have wasted time waiting around chehˇ haˍ cawˬ haˍve be unwell, sick chehˇ haˍ chehˇ chawˇ feel sick chehˇ haˍ la ve fall ill, get into trouble chehˇ haˍve be unwell, in trouble, in distress chehˇ kuiˬ residence, address ที่อยู่ chehˇ kuiˬ one's home, dwelling place chehˇ kuiˬ awˬ ti address chehˇ kuiˬ awˬ ti awˬ tcuhˆ a permanent place to live ที่อยู่ถาวร chehˇ kuiˬ jiˆ (k'ai)ve change one's residence, move chehˇ kuiˬ jiˆ k'ai ve move, change one's residence chehˇ kuiˬ ti maˇ paw be a vagabond, wanderer, not have a fixed residence chehˇ la piˇ lawˬ cause to come dwell ให้อยู่ chehˇ luˆ ve stay at home, not go anywhere chehˇ maˇ sha unwell, sick chehˇ maˇ yeˬ live in insecurity, not have a fixed abode chehˇ nyi holiday วันหยุดพัก chehˇ nyi a holiday, a day off chehˇ sha (cawˬ sha)ve be well, in good health, free from care chehˇ sha cawˬ sha maˇ suh maˇ naˬ live happily and in prosperity without dying or sickness chehˇ sha chehˇ aw laˇ how are youˉ chehˇ sha ve yoˬ i'm fine. chehˇ taˍve to remain, stay behind, be left behind chehˇ ti address ที่อยู่ chehˇ ti one's place of residence chehˇ ti residence, one's address chehˇve live, dwell, stay chehˇ yeˬ tuˬ awˬ hawˉ g'a nawˉ shawˍ we've still got to support it from underneath so it'll stay firm. chehˇ yeˬ ve endure, stay in one place cheuˬ muiˬ-ehˬ te ve be conceited, cocky, arrogant cheuˬ ve be good (at something), be skillful at cheˆ clf for lengths of cloth cheˆ cheˆ veˆ veˆ te ve to shiver and shake, be jittery cheˆ k'ai mehˉ k'ai ve disappear, become extinct cheˆ k'ai ve give a start (startledˉ) cheˆ k'aˇ a too thin, watery cheˆ kaꞈ k'ai ve jerk suddenly cheˆ kuˉ lehꞈ a groove, dent cheˆ puiˉ aˬ it's liableˍlikely to snap cheˆ ve break, sever, snap in two cheˆ yuˬ ve break off and take, pluck off cheˆ-ehˬ te naˬ ve have a twinge of pain cheˇve to tremble, shake cheˇ-ehˬ narrow and round, narrowed to a point cheˬ ve, cheˬ taˉve leave behind, abandon cheꞈ caˇve bite into and eat cheꞈ cheˆ ve bite so it breaks cheꞈ haiˇve a bite-mark cheꞈ hkaw shiˍ banana passion flower cheꞈ naˬ suh naˬ be stiff and sore all over cheꞈ naˬ tzuhˆ naˬ ve have a bad itch cheꞈ naˬ ve hurt from an itch or irritation, sting cheꞈ naˬ ve hurt from a biteˬ sting, burn cheꞈ tiˍve bite and not let go cheꞈ tiˍve bite onto and not let go cheꞈve bite into (to cause pain), sting chi this, these (sometimes used as 'the') chi (awˬ) nu awˍ over there (a few feet away) chi a ciˉ keuˬ a move this away a little. ขยับหน่อย chi awˍ maˇ tehˬ hehˉ this is probably not true. chi awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ before this chi awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ htaˇ before this, before now ก่อนหน้านี้ chi awˬ hk'oˆ kaꞈ besides this, moreover chi awˬ hk'oˇ besides thisˬ in addition to this นอกจากนี้ chi awˬ hk'oˇ awˬ lawn nyiˇ lawn k'awꞈ cawˬ shawˍ there are two matters in addition to this. นอกจากนี้แล้วยังมีอีกสองเรื่อง chi awˬ hk'oˇ htaꞈ htawˇ even more importantly นอกจากนี้ chi awˬ nu hereafter จากนี้ไป chi awˬ nu hereafter, afterwards chi awˬ nu hereafterˬ afterwards chi awˬ nu hk'aˬ hk'e te tuˬ le what shall we do afterwardsˉ chi aˬ htoꞈ ma tcuhˉ kuiˬ le what does this meanˉ chi baw hawˉ sweet basil chi beuꞈ now chi beuꞈ cheuˬ jaˇ now it works fine. chi beuꞈ hk'a gaˬ up to now, until now chi beuꞈ lehˬ now then, as for now chi beuꞈ tanˬ leh oˇ k'ai ve k'o from now on chi beuꞈ tanˬ leh... starting now chi beuꞈ taˇ ta kawˬ sheˍ don't keep wasting time. chi beuꞈ teˇ co-e nowadays chi beuꞈ teˇ co-e nowadays chi beuꞈ teˇ hkui at the present time chi canˉ g'uiˬ soy sauce chi ceh ceh to this extent chi daꞈ tehˬ tehˬ yoˬ. this is really good. chi fawehˉ such a short distance away chi fe so wide, this wide chi g'awˇ rice straw chi haˉ, yaꞈ puiˉ tonight chi hk'a peu-eˬ all of this ทั้งหมดนี้ chi hk'a peu-eˬ htaꞈ maˍ laˇ tuˬ maˇ loˍ hehˉ you probably don't need to teach us all these things. chi hk'awꞈ this year chi hk'awꞈ tanˬ leh awˬ g'uˇ suhˍ k'ai ve k'o from this year onward chi hk'e like this, in this way แบบนี้ chi hk'e thus, like this, in this way chi hk'e dawˇ ve yoˬ that's what i think คิดแบบนี้ chi hk'e hui hui this size, so big, yea big chi hk'e k'oˆ piˇ ma neˍ that's what he did say to her! chi hk'e laˇ is that soˉ chi hk'e ma (ma) this much, this amount chi hk'e taw taw behˬ ve pa taw, maˇ tawˆ baˬ maˇ hpehꞈ since it's infected so much, there's no way we can spare amputating it. chi hk'e taˇ te piˇ-oˆ please don't act that way to them. อย่าทำอย่างนี้นะ chi hk'e te (v) to (v) this way chi hk'e te suh-e ve yoˬ this is the way they die. chi hk'e ve (n) this kind of (n) chi hk'e ve aꞈ cawˬ ve yoˬ it's all because of things like this! chi hk'e ve hkawˇ taˇ te don't make that kind of noise. อย่าทำเสียงแบบน้ chi hk'e ve laiˉ ceuˬ et cetera, various things like this chi hk'e yoˬ that's right, that's the way it is อย่างนี้แหละ chi hpaˇ this fellow, this guy chi hpaˇ hkanˍ jaˇ this guy is reliable อดทนมาก chi hpaˇ jawˇ mawˇ hkawˇ na puiˉ jaˇ this fellow is very obedient to the government's orders. chi hpaˇ ngaˬ ve nawˍ yuˬ ve tehˬ ngaˬ htanˍve i suspect that this fellow took my gourdflute. chi hpaˇ tawˇ tzuhˇ jaˇ this guy has a sharp tongue. chi hpaˇ tehˬ lehˬ ngaˬ aꞈ shoꞈ shaꞈ laˇ jaˇ (as for) this fellow, he's the guy who really bothers me. chi hueyˉ k'o caˇ lawꞈ ngaw maˇ mawˬ if there's so little, i don't see how it's enough to live on. chi hui this big, this size chi k'oˉ ehˬ ajar, slightly open chi laˇhuˍ hkawˇ hk'aˬ hk'e k'oˆ ve le how do you say this in lahuˉ นี้ ในภาษาลาฮูพูดอย่างไร chi leh oˇ ve lehˬ hk'a shuˍ-ehˍ yoˬ. this and that are the same. นี้กับนั้น เหมือนกัน chi lehˬ awˬ hawˇ hk'aˬ ma le what does this one weighˉ นี้หนักเท่าใหร่ chi lehˬ aˬ htoꞈ ma le what's thisˉ chi lehˬ hk'aˬ hk'e ve tcuhˉ kuiˬ tcuhˉ taˍ le what sort of meaning is attached to thisˉ chi ma this woman chi ma this many, this much chi ma ma so very much, so many, about this many chi ma oˇ ma this or that much, more or less this amount chi maiˉ so very little, such a small amount chi maw maw for such a long time chi mvuh mvuh so high chi mvuhˇ shawˉ naꞈ htaˇ this morning chi nyiˇ this many chi nyiˇ this many chi nyiˇ hkawˇ pawnˇ k'oˆ ve laˇ do you say these two words togetherˉ chi pa taw for this reason, because of this chi paˉ, chi hpawˇ this side chi peuˬ piˇ sheˍ let this get finished first. chi suh, chi zuhˬ this long chi taw chi naˉ so deeply, so profoundly chi taw taw (v) (v) vigorously chi taw taw k'a muiˬ ve sing so enthusiastically chi taw taw tiˉ so very (much)ˬ as much as this chi teˇ hk'awꞈ (all) this yearˬ this (whole) year chi teˇ hk'awꞈ suhˆ cehˬ hk'oˆ ve iˉ shiˍ mehˬ jaˇ the fruit on the trees this year is delicious. ปีนี้ผลไม้บนต้นไม้อร่อยมาก chi teˇ hkui now, just now ตอนนี้ chi teˇ hkui right now, these days, nowadays chi teˇ hkui at the moment, now chi teˇ hpaˍ all these, this group chi teˇ peˆ pehˆ-oˬ this piece of land is barren now. chi ve this, this thing chi ve awˬ hpfuhˇ hk'aˍ ma le how much is thisˉ อันนี้ราคาเท่าไร chi ve awˬ k'aˍ ceˇ he said it was this buffalo. chi ve kanˉ htaꞈ ca caˉ daꞈ ve teˇ hpaˍ everything involved with this work chi ve ngaˬ maˇ heuˆ gaˇ i don't want this thing. chi ve pa taw for this reasonˬ thereforeˬ thus เพราะเหตุนี้ chi vuiˇ, chi fui this far away, so far away chi yawˇ aꞈ taˇ ngaˍ piˇ, aˬ muˬ yawˇ te luˬ puiˉ aꞈ don't lend this to him, or else he might ruin it อย่าให้เขายืมเดี๋ยวเขาทำเสีย chi yoˬ this is it, this is the one chi... well... chinˇ a chin person chiˆ aˬ ouch, it's hot! chiˆ caˇve roast and eat chiˆ caˉ daꞈve melt together, weld chiˆ caˉ daꞈve fuse together, solder, weld chiˆ hkeuꞈve be burnt up, scorched chiˆ pehˍve kill by burning chiˆ suh ve be burnt to death chiˆ ve be hot, too hot, get burnt chiˆ ve dirty, stupid, gross chiˇ clf for litters, birth of animals chiˇ aꞈve entrust someone with something ยกให้ chiˇ aꞈve entrust, hand over to, dedicate chiˇ baˬ ve cast away, reject, forsake, abandon chiˇ deu ve dangle, hang suspended chiˇ deu ve hang suspendedˬ hang loose chiˇ k'oˍ luˇ raspberry chiˇ mawˍve aim a weapon chiˇ mvuh hkawˇ words of praise, complement, a psalm chiˇ mvuh keu ve be praiseworthy chiˇ mvuh keunˍve be praiseworthy เหมาะที่จะสรรเสริญ chiˇ mvuh paˇ-ehˍ te ve give false praiseˬ flatter someone แกล้งสรรเสริญ chiˇ mvuh paˇ-ehˬ te ve give false praise, flatter someone chiˇ mvuh tuˬ praise chiˇ mvuh ve praise, extol chiˇ nyi ve look upwards chiˇ tawˆ ve lift out of chiˇ tawˆ ve lift out from chiˇ taˆ ve lift something up chiˇ teˍve throw something down and stamp upon chiˇ tuˉve push wood into the fire, spread malicious gossip chiˇ uiˍ ve, chiˇ uiˍ chiˇ mvuh ve to praise chiˇve to weave chiˇve lend, borrow chiˇve to lift up, raise, pick up chiˇ veu ve pick up a small object in the hand chiˇ yaꞈve pick up and set down in lower place chiˬ hk'awꞈ this year ปีนี้ chiꞈ hpuˆ wild fig choˆ ve spear into, stick something onto something choˇ nyi, naˆ tawˉ te chehˇ aˬ vaˬ look over there! she's all in black! choˬ here choˬ dawˇ oˇ dawˇ choˬ k'oˆ oˇ k'oˆ ve tiˉ k'o lehˬ aˇ te ve yoˬ naˉ we don't have to do all this speculation and palavering. choˬ dawˇ oˇ dawˇve think about this and that choˬ hpawˇ this side, this direction choˬ k'oˆ oˇ k'oˆ ve say this and that choˬ kaꞈ here ที่นี่ choˬ kaꞈ awˬ hkawˇ maˇ ho there's no echo here. ที่นี่ไม่สะท้อนเสียง choˬ kaꞈ aˉ lehꞈ maˇ hk'aˆ - pawˇ jaˇ salt isn't expensive here, it's very cheap. choˬ kaꞈ chaw kuiˇ jaˇ it's very crowded with people here ที่นี่มีคนเที่ยวมาก choˬ kaꞈ paˍ peh jaˇ there are plenty of frogs around here. ที่นี่มีกบเยอะ choˬ kaꞈ teˇ ha ceh aˇ chehˇ k'oˆ ma neˍ shehˆ ha hk'e ceh k'oˆ ma there aren't only 100 living here! there are about 300! choˬ paˉ this side choˬ paˉ this side ด้านนี้ choˬ teh< put it down here! chu fat, grease chu daꞈ jaˇ nice and fat chu daꞈve be nice and fat chu jaˇ very fat chu leh awˬ tcuhˉ awˬ tcuhˉ tawˍ k'ai ve have rolls of fat (as on baby's limbs) chu peꞈve be fat, plump chu peꞈ-e diˬ k'u ve a short fat person (insult) chu peꞈ-e g'euˉ-ehˬ short and fat (personˍanimal) chu piˇve make him fat ทำให้อ้วน chu ve be fat chu-ehˬ daꞈ paˍ a boxer chu-ehˬ hk'a ve pokeˍpunch violently chuiˆ tiˍve hold tightly in a clenched fist chuˆ clf for groups, sets chuˇ thorn, sharp fragment chuˇ naˆ tsuhˇ anesthetic chuˇ piˉ ginger chuˇve be numb, be prickly chuˉ-ehˬ fat, chubby chuˉ-ehˬ ve chaw a fat person chuˬ ve, chawehˬ ve to punch, attack physically ci chaw sweet and sour ci chaw ve be sweet and sour ci nu ve smell sour, pickled ci nu ve smell sour, pickled ci shiˆ taˬ toothbrush ci ve be sour ci ve awˬ g'uiˬ vinegar ciˇ hpaw ve escape by riding ciˇ k'ai ve go riding ciˇ po ve ride at a gallop ciˇve ride ciˇve expand ciˉ spit ciˉ a little, please ciˉ ciˇ axe ciˉ ciˉ maˇ heˆ a great deal, a great many ciˉ ehˬ just a little ciˉ g’uiˇ hpeꞈ pfuhˍve spit onˬ spray wˍ saliva ciˉ k'awˆ tuˇ hoe handle ciˉ k'oˆ kind of large hoe ciˉ peꞈ a please give it to me. ciˉ-ehˬ cheu-ehˬ k'ai ve have a fluttering heart (excitementˍfear) ciˍ g'uiˬ dew ciˍ k'ai ve move away, move off ciˍve move ciˍ yanˍ undergo a difficult experience ciˍ yanˍ hkawˇ a sentence, a verdict ciˍ yanˍ piˇve cause someone to undergo an ordeal, sentence someone ciˬ tooth, teeth ciˬ clf for teeth ciˬ g'aꞈ ma molar, back tooth ciˬ g'aꞈ ma awˬ suhˉ wisdom tooth ciˬ geuꞈve gnash one's teeth, clench one's teeth ciˬ hk'awꞈ this year ciˬ hkawˉ gums (of the teeth) เหงือก ciˬ hkaꞈve have spaces between the teeth ciˬ hkuiˇ duˇve dig a house-site ciˬ juˆ taˬ toothpick ciˬ k'ehˉve pick the teeth ciˬ ki kehˆ ki kehˆ k'ai ve have one's teeth chatter ciˬ naˆ tcuhˇ toothpaste ciˬ naˬ ve toothache ciˬ nehˉ pawˇ shi oˬ ve vaˬ even my teeth have turned yellow! ciˬ pfuhˇ caˇve have tooth decay ciˬ puˇ caˇve have tooth decay ciˬ puˇ caˇve have tooth decay, rotten teeth ciˬ shiˆ naˆ tsuhˇ toothpaste ciˬ shiˆ taˬ toothbrush ciˬ shiˆ ve brush one's teeth ciˬ tehˇ gums ciˬ tehˇ gums (of the teeth) ciˬ tzuhˆ ve be teething, be itching to speak sharply at someone ciˬ ve saˍ laꞈ g'oˍ dentist co caˉ ha caˉ long life co co forever, for one's whole life co co taiˍ taiˍ forever and ever, for all eternity co ha life force, immortal soul in body co ha hpawˇ, co hpawˇ ha hpawˇ spiritual aspect co lo k'oˍ, ju lu k'oˍ bell ระฆัง co tiꞈ ha tiꞈ ve liꞈ another name for the bible co tiꞈ ha tiꞈ, co tiꞈ co sehnˉ everlasting life, immortality co zuhˬ ha zuhˬ have a long life, longevity co zuhˬ ha zuhˬ cawˬ piˇ oˆ mehˍ may we live long! co-e period, era, generation conˇ an island coˆ ve pile up, arrange in stacks coˇ (way) over there coˇ caˇ try, strive coˇ caˇ leh (v) to try to (v) coˇ caˇ tcuhˉ taˍve keep on trying coˬ chaw ve to cross a bridge ข้ามสะพาน coˬ chaw ve cross a bridge coˬ hkanˍ k'ai ve cross a bridge ข้ามสะพาน coˬ hkanˍ ve, coˬ chaw ve to cross a bridge coˬ tcuhˉve build a bridge across coꞈve to fold up, crease coꞈve be narrow cu clf for pinches (of salt) cu lu bell cunˍ an official seal, stamp cunˍ dawˆ (tcuh)ve affix a seal, stamp, register something cunˍ nyiˉve affix a sealˍstamp cunˍ yinˍ suhˍ maˬ teˇ maˬ the seventh seal (revelation) cunˬ hpawꞈ jingphaw, kachin cuˇ clf for groups of people cuˇ ehˬ puckered, pointed cuˇ ehˬ loosely cuˇ tcuh ve to loosen, untighten something cuˇve to be loose, slack cuˇve prefer, accept, depend upon, adopt as one's own cuˇ yehˇve depend on, use, base cuˇ yiˍ awˬ htaiꞈ educational level cuˇ yiˍ cawˬ ve chaw a knowledgeable person, an expert cuˇ yiˍ dawˇ zuhˬ ve have great mental powers cuˇ yiˍ gehˬ ve have a quick mind, sharp mind cuˇ yiˍ hteuˇve be mentally dullˬ dim-witted cuˇ yiˍ laˆ ve, cuˇ yiˍ lehˆ ve be intelligent cuˇ yiˍ, cuˇ yiˍ maˍ yiˍ ability, skill, intelligence, education, wisdom cuˉ nipple, breast, milk cuˉ chawꞈve suckle breast cuˉ chawꞈve suckle, nurse cuˉ g'uiˬ milk cuˉ g'uiˬ awˬ uˉ ma cream cuˉ nehˆ breast cuˉ nehˆ keuˬ ve wean from the breast อย่านม cuˉ shiˍ nipple cuˉ taw ve give suck, nurse cuˉ tawˍve wean cuˉ tawˍve wean from the breast cuˉ tcuh ve to cause to sink cuˉ tcuhˇ penˍve choke someone to death, smother someone cuˉ tsuhˇve close up tight cuˉve to sink cuˉve be empty cuˉve to be tightly closed, puckered up cuˍ dawˆ ve affix a sealˬ stamp something cuꞈ daꞈ la ve meet together, convene cuꞈve meet, assemble danˍ punishment danˍ checkpoint danˍ g'a ve beˍget punished danˍ hpanˍve pass a checkpoint danˍ lonˉ g'a ve receive a serious punishment danˍ piˇve punishˬ give a punishment daw daw diˆ diˆ vibratingˬ pulsating daw daw diˆ diˆ ve vibratingˬ pulsating daw pui cylinder daw ve fitˬ be able to fit into dawˆ baˬ ve knock away dawˆ caˇve slaughter an animal to eat dawˆ caˍve to force-feed dawˆ caˍve force feed dawˆ cehꞈve crush by hitting dawˆ cheuˬ ve hit what one strikes at dawˆ cheˇve tremble with fear, nervous กลัวจนตัวสั่น dawˆ daw ve pack into dawˆ daꞈve hit each other dawˆ daꞈve fight with each other dawˆ hehnˇve hit something (too) hard dawˆ heuˆ luˬ ve destroy something by striking it dawˆ heuˆ ve strike at successfullyˬ hit what one has struck out at dawˆ hk'aw ve openˍmake a wound with a blowˬ break skin by striking dawˆ hoˆ ve shut with forceˬ slam shut dawˆ hpfuhˇve beat until soft dawˆ hteh ve break by striking dawˆ hteh ve strike and break dawˆ huˉve dry by beating dawˆ jawˬ ve beat, thresh dawˆ k'ehˆ ve detach with blowsˬ break off something by striking it dawˆ k'oˬ ve knock back dawˆ keu ve beat vigorously ตีใส่ dawˆ keu ve beat intoˬ knock into dawˆ keu ve kill by vigorous blows dawˆ liˉve hit a glancing blowˬ ricochet off something dawˆ maˇ daw cannot be packed into dawˆ maˍve punish by a severe beating dawˆ meu-e ve pulverize by hitting dawˆ nehˉve affix with force , nail something (onto a wall) dawˆ nehˉve affix with forceˬ nail something onto dawˆ nuˇve hit lightly dawˆ nuˇve hit softlyˬ strike with a gentle blow dawˆ pehˍ shehˍ hpaˇ murderer dawˆ pehˍve beat to deathˬ strike dead dawˆ pfuhˍ daꞈve splash each other dawˆ taw ve force someone to drink dawˆ taw ve force to drink dawˆ tawˆ ve knock out ofˬ dislodge something dawˆ tcuhˉve affix with force dawˆ teˍve crush by strikingˬ crush by a blow dawˆ tsuhˇve wash by beating dawˆ ve hit, strike, beat dawˆ ve jawꞈve beat upˬ rain blows upon dawˆ ve tiˇve beat someone up, attack someone with a weapon dawˆ ve tiˇve beat someone upˬ attack someone with a weapon dawˆ-ehˬ smoothly roundedˬ sleek dawˇ anˇve have a surpriseˬ be surprised at the thought of something dawˇ beuꞈve think angry thoughts dawˇ cawˇve like somethingˬ agree withˬ have one's expectation fulfilled dawˇ cehˬ 'wisdom tree', ritual object near headman's house dawˇ cheˆ ve decideˬ make up one's mind dawˇ g'a puiˉve be intelligent dawˇ g'a ve get an ideaˬ have an opinion dawˇ gu taˍ ve veuꞈ k'aˇ deh k'aˇ clothes set aside for future use dawˇ gu ve get something ready for future, give forethought to dawˇ gu ve get something ready for future use, give something forethought dawˇ haˍ dawˇ hkiˉve worry about difficulties dawˇ haˍ gaˇ haˍ be very sadˬ terribly worried dawˇ haˍ jaˇ what a shame! i feel terrible! dawˇ haˍ tuˬ worry, cause for distress, problem dawˇ haˍ tuˬ regretˬ sorrowˬ misery dawˇ haˍ tuˬ lehˬ ha lehˬ tuˬ k'awꞈ hpehꞈ la ve sorrow turned to gladness. dawˇ haˍve be in mental distressˬ be sorryˬ pity someone or something dawˇ heuˬ gaˇ heuˬ be mentally worn out dawˇ heuˬ ve be tired of thinkingˬ have mental fatigue dawˇ hk'aˇ way of thinking, viewpoint, opinion ความคิด, ทัศนะ dawˇ hk'aˇ way of thinkingˬ opinionˬ a thought dawˇ hk'aˇ ca nyi ve read someone's thoughtsˬ find out what someone is thinking dawˇ hk'aˇ cawˬ ve, dawˇ hk'aˇ daꞈve be intelligentˬ be reasonableˬ good idea dawˇ hk'aˇ hawˍ daꞈve have a meeting of mindsˬ agree in one's opinions dawˇ hk'aˇ pa ve change one's mind dawˇ hk'aˇ piˇve offer one's opinionˬ make a suggestion dawˇ hk'aˇ tanˍ hk'aˇ te hk'aˇ teˇ hk'aˇ tiˉ g'a cawˬ ve yoˬ. we must have the same way of thinking, acting, doing ต้องทำตามความคิดการกระทำอันเดียวกัน dawˇ hkiˉ dawˇ kiˬ be anxious and busyˬ have work-anxiety dawˇ hkiˉve be anxious, worried, stressed dawˇ hpfuhˆ ve change one's mindˬ repent dawˇ hpu dawˇ nu pure and gentle thoughts dawˇ hpu teˇ shiˍ gaˇ hpu teˇ shiˍ to be united in heart dawˇ k'aˉve harbor a grudge, resentment ขุ่นเคือง dawˇ k'aˉve be fixed on a certain line of thoughtˬ nurse resentment dawˇ k'aˍve think unclearlyˬ have brain fog dawˇ kawˆ ve worried, anxious, dread คิดกังวล dawˇ kawˆ ve be anxiousˬ worry dawˇ kehˬ gaˇ kehˬ think pure thoughtsˬ think clearly dawˇ law gaˇ law hope for fervently, long for ความหวัง dawˇ law gaˇ law hope forˬ anticipate with longing dawˇ law ve hope forˬ look forward to dawˇ leh ve be at one's wit's end dawˇ luˬ ve be in despairˬ disappointed dawˇ ma gaˇ ma thoughts dawˇ mawˬ ve realizeˬ imagine dawˇ mawˬ ve awˬ ceuˬ something imaginary dawˇ maˇ leunˇ nurse a grudgeˬ not forget a past wronging dawˇ maˇ mawˬ can't imagine dawˇ maˍ gaˇ maˍ wisdom dawˇ meuˇ gaˇ meuˇ one's thoughtsˬ what one thinks and intends dawˇ meuˇ gaˇ meuˇ hui ve unite in thoughtˬ share a common purpose dawˇ mi ve realizeˬ come to understand dawˇ nawˇ gaˇ nawˇ remember, realize dawˇ nawˇ puiˉve be grateful, appreciativeˬ have a good memory dawˇ nawˇ tcuh ve remind someoneˬ make someone realize dawˇ nawˇ tuˬ te piˇve remind someoneˬ make someone realize dawˇ nawˇve remember, realize, miss someone, appreciate dawˇ nawˇve realizeˬ be conscious of somethingˬ keep in mindˬ rememberˬ miss someone dawˇ nawˇ ve liꞈ notebookˬ memo pad dawˇ naˉve have deep thoughtsˬ think deeply dawˇ naˉve think selfishly dawˇ naˉve think selfishly, think especialy of one's own interests dawˇ naˬ ve to ache dawˇ nuˇ dawˇ sha soft and pleasant thoughts dawˇ nuˇ dawˇ sha soft and pleasant thoughts dawˇ nyi gaˇ nyi think things over dawˇ nyi ve, dawˇ nyi shawˍ nyi ve think over, meditate, care about dawˇ pawnˍ dawˇ shiˍ understand something well dawˇ pawnˍ gaˇ pawnˍ think penetrating thoughtsˬ think something through to a conclusion dawˇ pawnˍve think clearlyˬ reach a conclusion dawˇ pawnˍve think something throughˬ penetrate by one's thoughts, inspire dawˇ puiˉ keuꞈ puiˉ be capable of finding solutions, problem solving คิดได้ทำได้ dawˇ puiˉ keuꞈ puiˉ be resourcefulˬ have good sense dawˇ puiˉve be intelligent dawˇ seuˇ gaˇ seuˇ righteous thoughts dawˇ sha gaˇ sha have happy thoughtsˬ have peace of mind dawˇ sha gaˇ sha tuˬ te shehˍ hpaˇ comforter ผู้ที่ทำให้มีความสุข dawˇ sha gaˇ sha ve be serene, have peace of mind ความสุข dawˇ sha piˇve give comfortˬ console someone dawˇ sha tuˬ comfortˬ consolation dawˇ sha ve be happy, serene dawˇ shiˍ dawˇ hpfuhˆ ve repentˬ change one's ways of thinking dawˇ shiˍ gaˇ shiˍ perceiveˬ understand dawˇ shiˍ la ve come to one's sensesˬ realize what one ought to do dawˇ shiˍ puiˉve know how to actˬ be sensible, be grateful, be perceptive dawˇ shiˍve perceive somethingˬ know what is right dawˇ tawˆ ve figure something outˬ have an idea of what to do dawˇ taˍ kuiˬ one's intentions, plans, a proposalˬ something one has thought up dawˇ taˍ ve hk'e as planned, as intended dawˇ taˍ ve, dawˇ aˍve to have thought somethingˬ to have formed a planˍopinion dawˇ tcuhˆ muiˬ leh te ve work on something with perseverance until done dawˇ tcuhˆ muiˬ ve concentrate one's thoughts upon dawˇ tcuhˉ aˍ gaˇ tcuhˉ aˍ think obsessively about something dawˇ tuiꞈ gaˇ tuiꞈ be perplexedˬ baffled dawˇ tuiꞈve be at one's wits' end dawˇ tuiꞈ-e ve yoˬ. i'm stumped! dawˇve think, fell, have wisdom dawˇ ve gaˇve think dawˇ venˇ gaˇ venˇ sins of thought dawˇ x gaˇ x thinkˬ feel in the mind dawˇ yaꞈve misunderstand dawˇ yeˬ gaˇ yeˬ be broadmindedˬ patient dawˇ yeˬ ve broadmindedˬ tolerantˬ calmˬ patient dawˇ zuhˬ gaˇ zuhˬ be persistentˬ be a deep thinkerˬ think ahead dawˇ-ehˍ nice and plumpˬ well-rounded dawˬ bvuhˆ ve drink one's fill, drink to excess dawˬ ceꞈ an abundance of drink (poetic) dawˬ keu ve drink down ดื่มเข้าไป dawˬ keu ve ingest by drinking dawˬ mehˬ ve good to drinkˬ tasty to drink dawˬ piˍ (n) what one is accustomed to drinking dawˬ tuˬ something to drinkˬ a beverage dawˬ ve to drink dawˬ yaꞈve drink the wrong thingˬ take the wrong medicine dawꞈ daꞈ kuiˬ point of junctureˬ place where things come together dawꞈ daꞈve be crowded close together dawꞈ daꞈve crowd together, come together at a point dawꞈ faiˇ fireworks dawꞈ maˆ leˆ jasmine dawꞈ piˇve cause to come together dawꞈve be revolting, disgusting, nauseating (of food) dawꞈve be close togetherˬ in close physical contact daˆ elementˬ essential force of natureˬ electricity daˆ caˆ electric cord daˆ caˆ electrical wire daˆ geuˆ electric light daˆ miˉ flashlightˬ electricity daˆ miˉ shiˍ flashlight battery daˆ shiˍ light bulbˬ flashlight battery daˆ shiˍ caˆ filament of a light bulb daˆ shiˍ tiˇ pehˍve turn off the lights, kill the lights daˍ post, shaft daˍve be callused daˍ-e ve get callused daˬ fern daˬ cehˬ tree-fern daˬ chui-eh black barking-deer daˬ hk'o jokingˬ fooleryˬ horseplay daˬ hk'o te ve tell jokesˬ fool around daˬ hk'o uiˍ paˍ a comicˬ a jokesterˬ a clown daˬ hko hpehˇve tell a funny storyˬ tell a good joke daˬ k'aˉ lu water fern (grows on river banks) daˬ ka cehˬ fern (in general) daˬ uiˍ ve, daˬ hk'o uiˍve be a clownˬ be a funny person daˬ ve comic inventivenessˬ sense of humor daꞈ hkuiˇ ja hkuiˇ extremely fertile daꞈ jaˇ very goodˬ excellent daꞈ kaꞈ cawˬ, maˇ daꞈ kaꞈ cawˬ ve yoˬ pawꞈ there are both good ones and bad ones! ดีก็มีไม่ดีก็มี daꞈ kehˬ ve holy, pure, immaculate บริสุทธิ์, สะอาด daꞈ kehˬ ve, daꞈ la kehˬ la pureˬ holy daꞈ la kehˬ la become pure daꞈ la kehˬ la tcuh ve purify something daꞈ la ve become goodˬ improve daꞈ lehˬ daꞈ aˬ law it's not badˬ it's pretty good. daꞈ leuˉve be excellentˬ much better than the alternatives daꞈ muiˬ ve be habitually goodˬ practice doing good daꞈ muiˬ ve k'oˆ ve lehˬ shu a kehˉ daꞈ gaˇ leh daꞈ ve tiˉ te chehˇ leh maˇ daꞈ ve awˬ ceuˬ maˇ te ve k'oˆ ve da mui ve means wanting to be better than others and only doing good and not doing bad things. daꞈ tawˬ hk'a shuˍ equally good (red lahu) daꞈ tcuhˬ aꞈ very good! terrific! daꞈ tcuhˬ-aˬ excellentˬ very good daꞈ tuˬ ve htaꞈ gu ve fix something upˬ make something good daꞈ tzuhˇ-aˇ excellent! very good! daꞈve be goodˬ favorableˬ suspicious, luckyˬ fresh, pureˬ prettyˬ nice, fine, excellent daꞈ ve hkuiˇve good and fertile ปุ๋ยดี daꞈ ve ja ve very goodˬ excellent daꞈ ve neˇ a good ghost, spirit daꞈ ve shuˉ-iˆ yoˬ it's the best! daꞈ-aꞈ okayˬ all rightˬ fine daꞈ-e yoˬ good luck! may things go well! (red lahu) de animist altar de large expanse of terrainˬ zone de kan ve refrain from doing something deh piˇve clothe someoneˬ dress someone deh ve put on (an upper garment)ˬ wear deh ve come to rest (of vehicles) dehˉ k'oˍ tubeˬ pipe dehˍ tubeˬ pipeˬ bamboo dehˬ ve stopˬ ceaseˬ calm down dehˬ ve shrink, get smaller dehꞈ type of shrub deu deu k'ai ve swing freelyˬ dangle deu ve hang free, dangle, swing from deu-ehˬ dangling deunˍ deunˍ thump! thud! (sound of striking a hollow object) deˇ uselessnessˬ nonsenseˬ vanity deˇ daꞈve scold each other deˇ daꞈve quarrelˬ bicker deˇ deˇ all the various (n)ˬ every (n) deˇ hkawˇ scolding words คำด่า deˇ hkawˇ criticismˬ scolding words deˇ hpehˇve scold severlyˬ let loose a flood of abuse at someone deˇ k'oˬ ve chase away by scolding deˇ keu ve scold ดุใส่ deˇ keu ve give someone a good scolding deˇ maˍve reproveˬ chastenˬ admonish deˇve scoldˬ curse deˇve sting diˆ diˆ naˇ naˇ te ve to wiggleˬ to squirm around diˆ diˆ ve vibratingˬ moving slightly diˆ ve flutterˬ trembleˬ vibrateˬ pulsate diˆ-ehˬ te ve vibrate diˇ leavenˬ yeast diˇ k'ai ve for something to spread (disease, reputation) diˇve move in the trees (animals) diˉ diˉ ma long-tailed tailorbird diˬ (clf) lumpˬ slabˬ ball (irregular shape)ˬ fleshly part of body diˬseˇbaˬ ha pa suhˉ nyiˇ chi awˇ taˆ htaˇ on next december 24th do ti music do ti te ve play musicˬ make music doˆ keu ve pack intoˬ stuff into doˆ ve pack intoˬ put intoˬ be inserted du du-ehˍ billowing (smoke) du htuꞈve insultˬ look on with contempt du ve be suspended in the air du-ehˍve hoveringˬ floating in the air duiˆ duiˆ shaˉ shaˉ with much noise and commotion duiˆ, duiˇ noisilyˬ buzzingˬ in a confused babble of noise duiˆ-ehˬ buzzinglyˬ with confused sounds duˇ baˬ ve dig awayˬ dig up and throw away duˇ caw ve dig around in a circle duˇ faˉve hide something by digging duˇ naˉve dig deep duˇ naˉve dig deep duˇ nehˆ ve dig and mix into mud duˇ paˆ ve dig under so it topples duˇ paˆ ve undermine by diggingˬ dig under something so it topples ขุดพัง duˇ paˍve dig around so it falls duˇ tawˆ ve dig something upˬ dig something out duˇ tuˍve bury something, immerseˍdip something in water duˇ tuˍve bury something duˇve dig duˇ yuˬ ve dig something upˍout and take it duˉ dehˍve be fatˬ plump (people, animals, trees) duˬ, yaˇ duˬ childˬ descendant ehˆ leu leˇ htawˍve haveˍtake an x-ray ehˆ seu leˇ (htawˬ ve) x-ray ehˇsiˍkiˇmiˇ ice cream ehˉ nyi ve look after a child ehˉ paw piˇ shehˍ ma midwife ผู้ทำคลอด, หมอตำแย ehˉ paw ve a baby is bornˬ give birth to a baby ehˉ shawˆ ve to have an abortion, miscarry แท็งลูก ehˉtiˍiˆ atheists ehꞈ lehꞈ ehꞈ lehꞈ te ve grumble under one's breath พูดในลำคอ en daꞈve have a contest, friendly competition แข่งขัน euˆ muiˬ ve to hiccup euˍ keu ve pour in, dump in เทใส่ euˬ (baˬ)ve to pour out เทออก, เททิ้ง euˬ keu ve to pour into เทใส่ euꞈ euꞈ te ve to burp eˬ (a shu eˬ) interrogative อุทาน(เห็นด้วย) faiˇ hkiꞈ teˇ kaˆ a box of matches ไม้ขีดไฟหนึ่งกล่อง faiˉ tawˍve construct a damˬ block off by a dam faˆ hkawˇ jawˬ ve imitate a rat's voice faˆ htawˆ common squirrel (pecking rodent) faˆ pu chuˇ quill of a porcupine faˆ tiˉ shiˆ the asiatic chipmunk faˉ naˉve hide things from others selfishly faˉ taˍve awˬ ceuˬ hk'a shiˍ shiˍ hto maˍ laˇ mehˍ. teach us so that we may know all hidden things! สอนเราให้รู้ทุกสิ่งที่ลึกลับ feu (vb)ve to (vb) intensely ส่ง, ฝาก(สิ่งของ) fiˆ chiˆ ve roast in coals, hot ashes fiˍ dawˬ ve teˇ ceuˬ smoking opium fuiˍ baˬ taˍve to ignore completely เกี่ยงงาน fuiˍ daꞈ naˉve divide things up unfairly fuiˍ leh ponˬ ve be separated and saved from fuiˍ teh taˍve separated out (for a purpose) g'a ca caˇve have to seek one's livelihood g'a caˍ caˇ paˍ an employee g'a hkanˍ shehˍ hpaˇ a victim, a sufferer ผู้รับความอดทน g'a hko gaˇ ve mawꞈ hk'e yoˬ he's as mischievous as a monkey ชนเหมือนลิง g'a jehˇ kuiˬ ve awˬ mehˆ semi-colon เซมิโคลอน(ˬ) g'a kuiˬ ve get married g'a mawˬ daꞈve get the chance to see each other g'a tuˬ coˇ caˇ sheˍ keep trying to obtain it! g'a veuꞈ g'a deh have clothes to wearˬ have clothes to put on one's back g'aw caˉ chi awˬ sheˉ yoˬ, chaw maˇ ti this vegetable grows wild, no one plants it. ผักนี้โตตามธรรมชาติไม่มีคนปลูก g'aw puiˉve can readˬ can count g'awˆ doˆ ve pick up and stuff into g'awˆ nehˆ ve stir into mush g'awˆ taˆ-e ve pick up something and carry it g'awˆ tiˍve hold on to something firmly, not let go g'awˆ tiˬ ve make water muddy by stirring up sediment g'awˇ caˉ htiˆ cabbage g'awˇ hpaꞈ mvuhˬ naweh vegetables of all kinds ผักทั่วไป g'awˬ chiˇve drag something upward g'awˬ hk'aˆ ve deny the truth of something, insist (wrongly) that one is in the right ชอบเถียง g'awˬ naˉve deny vociferouslyˬ refute very strongly g'aˆ chu chicken fat g'aˆ dawˆ ve slaughter a chicken g'aˆ go ramp to chicken-coop g'aˆ hkawˆ ehˬ chicken coop เล้วไก่ g'aˆ htawˆ daꞈve chickens peck at each other g'aˆ hte chickenpox g'aˆ k'awˍ k'aˉ hpehˇve slit a chicken's throat เชือดคอไก่ g'aˆ mvuh dawˆ ve break a hen's egg g'aˆ naˍ tzuh cock's comb g'aˆ pfuhˬ diˬ chicken thigh g'aˆ toˍ laꞈ chicken's wing g'aˆ u dawˆ (hkoˇ)ve break a hen's egg g'aˆ u hkoˇve break an egg ใข่แตก g'aˆ u tuˉ-ehˬ k'ai ve hens' eggs are oval. g'aˇ ga caˇve earn a living by working for someone ทำมาหากิน g'aˇ ga piˇve lend a hand to help someone (contribute strength) ให้ความช่วยเหลือ g'aˇ ga ve work for wages g'aˇ jehˇve have a rest g'aˇ nuˇ shaˉ paˆ be utterly without strength (strength-soft-breath-thin) กำลัง g'aˇ pa daꞈve take turns working for each other เปลี่ยนแรงงาน g'aˇ tuiꞈve be exhaustedˬ expended all one's energy g'aˇ-awˍve most people ส่วนมาก g'aˬ (v) g'aˬ jaˇ to (v) more and more (chinese grammarˉˉˉ) g'aꞈ caˇve hunt animals to eat g'aꞈ chaw ve hunt down g'aꞈ chiˇve weave on a loom g'aꞈ chuˬ ve incite to chase or attack g'aꞈ dawˆ ve chase and hitˬ pursue with blows g'aꞈ jawˬ ve learn by reciting, imitate someone's voice or actions g'aꞈ k'oˬ ve drive out, drive away, expel ขับไล่ g'aꞈ keu ve drive into (enclosure or opening) ต้อนเข้าไป g'aꞈ tawˆ ve drive out, dismiss, fire someone g'aꞈ te k'ai ve continue to do accordingly ทำตาม g'aꞈ teˇ jawˇ one loom g'euꞈ cheˆ ve saw something in two g'oˇ peˬ pu ve have a bloated belly ท้องอืด g'oˇ peˬ uiˍve have a big belly, pregnant ท้องใหญ่ g'oꞈ hkeh thread เส้นด้าย g'oꞈ hkeh diˬ ball of thread g'oꞈ naˍ hk'awˇ eye of a needle g'oꞈ naˍ paw eye of a needle g'oꞈ teˇ hk'awˇ a needle เข็มหนี่งอัน g'uiˇ daꞈve run a raceˬ run against each other g'uiˇ hkehˬ daꞈve have a race วิ่งแข่ง g'uiˇ k'oꞈ-e ve run back home วิ่งกลับบ้าน g'uiˬ ce tawehˆ kuiˬ place where a waterfall jumps off from rocks g'uiˬ hk'awehꞈ dimple in the cheek เสียงน้ำเดือด g'uiˬ hk'aˇ water channel ร่องน้ำชลประทาน g'uiˬ hk'aˇ ditch, channel for water ร่องน้ำชลประทาน g'uiˬ hteˇ straight part of a river g'uiˬ kaˍ haˉ kaˍ habitat of wild animals g'uiˬ keu ve interrupt by laughing หัวเราะใส่ g'uiˬ piˉ pa beetle crab แมงดา g'uiˬ po paˇ shore of a lake ใกล้บ่อ g'uiˬ sha htaꞈ hk'a mvuhˇ hk'a na yaw ve blaspheme against god หมิ่นประมาทพระเจ้า g'uiˬ sha htaꞈ taˍ uiˍve to respect god g'uiˬ sha maˇ maˇ cawˬ ve polytheism g'uiˬ sha ve awˬ bon nawˬ hui teˇ hk'aˆ awˬ hk'oˇ cawˬ piˇ-oˆ may the blessings of god be upon your village. พระเจ้าอวยพรให้หมู่บ้านของคุณ g'uiˬ sha yawˇ miˬ guiˬ htaꞈ awˬ hkuiˇ naꞈ piˇve god blesses his earth with fertility. g'uiˬ teunˇ a deep place in a river g'uiˬ tuˇ a spring, source of water, a well g'uiˬ yoˬ gehˬ jaˇ the current's very fast. g'uˇ caˇ g'awˆ caˇve eat crazily g'uˇ suhˍ peuˍve take the lead g'uˇ tu caˆ umbilical cord g'uˉ ciˇ tuˬ handhold, something to hold onto g'uˬ kaˍ shehˍ kaˍ intestines and liver, innerds ga hpoˆ (v) (v) in a group, all together รวม ga hpoˆ g'uiˬ ve laugh all together ga kaˬ ve help, aid and abet ga kaˬ ve aid and abet ga piˇve to help ช่วยเหลือ ga ve to help, contribute one's labor ช่วย gawˇ rattan gawˇ lawˇ a hilly place, slope gawˬ cu gawˬ pehˆ unpleasantly cold, deserted gawˬ cu gawˬ pehˆ too coldˬ desertedˬ desolate gawˬ ehˬ cold gawˬ la tcuh ve to cool something off, let cool down gawˬ la ve cool off, get cold gawˬ lehꞈ peaceful, at peace, quiet gawˬ lehꞈ ehˬ chehˇ aˍ mehˍ please stay there quietly. gawˬ lehꞈ hpehꞈ chehˇ htaˇ when we remain at peace gawˬ lehꞈ-ehˬ peacefullyˬ quietly gawˬ naˬ ve have chills, sick and cold gawˬ ve be cool, chilly, cold gaˆ k'ai ve go crawling gaˆ pawˍve scratch something open gaˆ peu ve brush something away (hear from face) gaˆ ponˬ gaˆ leuˉve have to scratch out a living gaˆ shoˆ te ve handle things hastily gaˆ shuˍ awˬ tuˇ, gaˉ shuˍ awˬ tuˇ rake handle gaˆ taˆ gaˆ yaꞈ scratch around everywhere gaˆ ti ve plant shallowly gaˆ ve to scratch, rake gaˆ-ehˬ hastily, quickly gaˇve feel emotion, desire gaˉ go lo (k'ai ve) creeping, crawling on hands and knees คลานไป gaˉ go lo te ve crawl gaˉ shuˍ a rake gaˉ yaw awˬ hehˇ taˬ spoke of a wheel gaˉ yaw awˬ sheh lonˉ axle (shaft connecting wheels) gaˉ yaw juˆ pawˍve get a puncture in a tire เจาะยาง gaˉ yaw shehˆ maˬ ve sho kuˇ tricycle, three-wheeler สามล้อม gaˉ yaˍ ma large edible jungle spider gaˉ yu a swing ชิงช้า gaˍ pfuhˍve wind (thread) onto gaˍve spin out (threads) gaˬ k'o when (in the future) gaˬ la gehˇve arrive recently gaˬ la tcuh piˇve cause to come about, bring gaˬ lonˉ ma yoˬ we've really arrived! we've made it! gaˬ puiˉve arrive frequently, get to go somewhere often gaˬ taˆ an upward slope gaˬ taˆ naˉve have a steep upward slope gaˬ taˆ taˆ ve climb up a slope gaˬ taˆ uiˍ jaˇ, gaˬ taˆ lonˉ have a steep upward slope gaˬ ve arrive at, reach, manage to do something ถึง gaˬ yaꞈ a downward slope gaˬ-e ve reach the point of, come to a certain pass gaˬ-oˬ has arrived at, has reached gaꞈ gaꞈ ehˬ mawˬ ve to see indistinctly, get a glimpse gaꞈve be striped, patterned gaꞈ-ehˬ ve aˉ poꞈ a striped shirt geh noun particle meaning 'with', nearby geh ve go into, enter, infect gehˆ ve to scrape (with knife) gehˆ ve to celebrate vigorously gehˇ a spear, long dagger gehˇ ce ve to swoop down gehˇ ce ve to swoop down, thrust downward gehˇ cuˉ pehˆ spear gehˇ cuˉ pehˆ shi ve carry a spear gehˇ juˆ ve to pierce gehˇ meuˇ spear-tip gehˇ tuˇ spear-handle gehˇve stick into, thrust into gehˬ ve spin around fast, whirl, be fast geuˆ meu-e ve grind to a powder geuˆ ve grind, reduce to fine particles, digest geuꞈ a net geuꞈ caˇve eat without using hands geuꞈ hkoˇve break in two by biting geuꞈ hkoꞈve gnaw เคี้ยวกิน geuꞈ hpehˇ g'awˬ ve cast a net and drag through the water geuꞈ hpehˇve to cast a net geuꞈ law bawˍ lead mine geuꞈ law lawˍve melt lead geuꞈ pehˍve bite to death geuꞈve clamp down on with teeth, hold firmly in mouth geꞈ e swiftly, intensely รวดเร็ว geꞈ-e intensifier used after verbs giˍ yaˍ gear go wooden stairs to lahu house go chaw ve cross a ladderˍramp go hk'ehꞈ rung of a ladder, step of a ramp บันได go hk'ehꞈ rung of a ladder go hkui foot of a ladder, ramp go taˆ ve climb ladder, steps go tcuhˉve put a ladder against something goˇ daꞈve be well driedˬ thoroughly dried out goˇ ehˬ dried up, withered goˇ-ehˬ hpehꞈve dry up, become withered goˬ ve to be thin, skinny goˬ ve cawˉve to be skinny, scrawny gu bvuhꞈve rewrite, revise something written gu cawˍve set something upright again gu dawˇ nyi ve think things over again, rethink gu gehˆ ve to repair something, make good as new gu haꞈ shaˉve hold in readiness, prepared in advance gu hteˇve straighten something gu ji ve arrange, prepare gu ji ve prepare in advance gu la ve to get fixed up, remodeled, reformed gu law taˍve prepared, make ready gu maˍve rebuke someone gu na-e ve cure illness gu nuˇve prepare by softening gu nuˇve prepare by softening gu pa ve change something for better, transform gu tawˉve fix by sewing, mend gu tawˉve mend by sewing gu taˍ hehnˇ taˍve all prepared in advance gu taˍ ve tawˇ hkawˇ words rehearsed, a prepared speech gu tcuhꞈve retie, tie better gu teh ve sort out, classify gu teh ve classify, sort out gu ve prepare, make ready, practice, fix gu yaw ve correct one's speech gui hpehˇve discipline someone with blows, knock sense into gui shiˍve sharpen a metal tool gui ve slip over a surface guiˇ k'awꞈ-e ve run back home วิ่งกลับไป guiˇ ponˬ guiˇ leuˉ visit too often, wear out welcome guiˇ toˇ chehˇ deˇ yoˬ. awˬ kaˍ awˬ nu kanˉ te< there's no sense just hanging around, let' do some other work. guiˇve visit, socialize, play around guiˇve to split up, separate guiˇ yaꞈve to fornicate guiˬ skin, outer covering guiˬ yuˇve to have a creepy feeling, fearful anticipation guˆ daꞈve collide with each other head-on guˆ naˬ ve hurt by butting guˆ ve bump with the head, butt, collide head-on guˇ pigeon, dove guˇ meuˇ tame pigeon guˉ pi string coiled around an object to hold it together กระเป๋าเงิน guˉ yiˆ a mat guˉ yiˆ shehˆ hk'oˆ three mats g’a ponˬ ve arrive safely g’awˆ pfuhˍve pick up something and throw g’uiˬ po lakeˬ pondˬ puddle ha caˬ ha laiˇ (aˬ) embarrassing, disgraceful (how...!) ha chui naˍ paw handles on sides of frying pan ha hkui tripod สามขา ha leh maˇ paw not do things rightˬ be incompetent ha leh paw ve do things properly ไม่มีที่ติ ha leh paw ve know one's jobˬ work cheerfully and well ha leh paw ve chaw a proper sort of person, a good worker ha lehˬ ha k'a te piˇve to entertain, put at ease เต้มใจทำ ha lehˬ htaˇ gaˬ la tcuh puiˉ ve nawˬ tiˉ yoˬ. the only one who can bring happy times is you. ha lehˬ kuiˬ happiness, reason to be happy แหล่งแห่งความยินดี ha lehˬ kuiˬ ca k’oˆ maˇ ponˬ we cannot sufficiently express our happiness ha lehˬ tuˬ joy, happiness, a cause for happiness ha lehˬ tuˬ k'oˆ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ it's a tremendous pleasure ยินดีไม่มีที่ติ ha pa awˬ liˇ, yaˇ miˇ awˬ liˇ woman's period ประจำเดือน(ระดู) ha pa cheˆ ve be a new moon ha pa ehˉ artificial satellite ดวงจัทร์เสี้ยว ha pa hkui moonlight ดวงจันทร์ส่องสว่าง ha pa hkui daꞈ jaˇ the moonlight is beautiful. ดวงจันทร์ส่องสว่างมาก ha pa hpfuhˇ monthly salary เงินดือน ha pa hpuˇ hiˉ pun teˇ pun one-eighth of the monthly wages เงินเดือนหนึ่งส่วนแปด ha pa tawˍ a full moon ha tehˍ che ve stick out one's tongue haw hpuˇ pehˇ hpuˇ boat and raft fare haw keuˬ cattle fence เบ่ง haw loˆ k'oˍ boat เรือ haw loꞈ k'oˍ caˉ behˆ oar haw loꞈ k'oˍ htawˆ ve scoop out a boat from a log haw loꞈ k'oˍ tuˍ loꞈve a boat sinks haw tiˍve restrict, restrain hawˆ peu ve wind forwardˬ wind up hawˆ tawˆ ve come out too fast (as a child born prematurely) hawˇ cheˆ ve sell out, sell completely, outright hawˇ taˆ ve increase the price of hawˉ hk'aˆ awˬ caˆ tawˆ ve have a vasectomy ทำหมันชาย hawˍ daꞈ ve, hui daꞈve cooperateˬ be united hawˬ caˇ hk'eh-aˬ keeps crying to be fed อ้อนกิน hawˬ tawˇve go around crying haˆ hkeu< loˬ get out of here! haˆ k'ai go away! get out of here! รีบไป haˆ te leh k'ai taˬ-oˬ we ought to go quickly haˇ nuˬ ve have stinking armpitsˬ smell as bad as a goat haˉ hk'aw cave ถ้ำ haˉ hkiˉve be abnormal, immoral, shocking haˉ k'o haˉ ki kehˆ aˬ htoꞈ ma le. ciˬ what are rocks chattering in a caveˉ teeth. haˉ k'oˍ hk'oˇ meuˇ mouth of a cave ปากถ้ำ haˉ k'oˍ hk'oˇ meuˇ mouth of a cave ปากถ้ำ haˉ maˇ hkiˉ not be abnormal, immoral haˉ pui aꞈ jeꞈ shuˉ hk'u taˇ dawˆ don't knock out a clay pipe on a rock. (proverb) haˉ pui coˆ ve pile up stones haˉ pui daˬ ka liverwort haˉ pui de rocky groundˬ expanse of rock haˉ pui shiˍ taˬ rocky rapids haˍ htaw hk'aw tzuhˇ hawˆ keu ve wet one's pants haˍ jaˇ ve awˬ lawn yoˬ. it's a very sad subject เรื่องยาก haˍ pi caˆ belt of trousersˬ sash around middleˬ girdle เข็มขัด haˍ pi kawˬ belt buckle หัวเข็มขัด haˍ pi tsuhꞈve fasten a belt haˍ yaˇ g'awˇ yaˇ poor people คนยากคนจน haꞈ daꞈve love each other haꞈ haꞈ pehnˇ pehnˇ lovinglyˬ lots of love haꞈ k'aˉ puiˉve be compassionate haꞈ maˇ la tuˬ ga laˇ mehˍ help me to love you more! haꞈ tcuhˉ taˍve persist in love heh caˬ the rice in a swidden heh dawˆ ve break up the clods in a field heh hk'aw to fields เลือกสวนไร่นา heh hk'aw kanˉ work in the fields งานไร่งานสวน heh hk'aw pan te chehˇve build a hut to stay in in the fields สร้างกระท่อมในไร่ heh hkoˇ swidden ไร่ heh htu ve clear a swiddenˬ feel trees in an area before burning it heh k'awˇ kiˬ ve be busy hoeing the fields รีบขุดหญ้า heh ko ve fence a field ล้อมไร่ heh shehˆ pun nyiˇ pun two-thirds of the field สองส่วนสามไร่ heh taˇ-oˆ heh taˇ-oˆ hpehꞈve be chewy and hard heh te caˇve earn one's living by hill-farming heh vaꞈ gawˇ chuˇ tcuhˉ ve hk'e chaw yaˇ haiˬ chuˇ tcuhˉ ve yoˬ. just as rattan thorns stick to a wild boar, the thorns of malicious gossip stick to a human being. heh vaꞈ tawˍ-a there are (the tracks of) a wild boar! hehnˇ caˇve depend on others for a living hehˆ dawˬ ve swallow (a liquid) hehˆ puiˉ hk'aw awˍ mawꞈ peh jaˇ there are plenty of monkeys in the jungle. hehˆ puiˉ hk'aw awˍ vaˇ ca htu k'awꞈ la oˬ he's come back from cutting bamboo in the jungle. hehˆpaˍ aꞈ taꞈ piˇve keep the chinese out, block out the chinese henˇ awnˬ ve pass an exam, promoted เรียนจบ henˇ cheuˬ ve be a good student henˇ jawˬ ve learn by practice, study and learn heuˆ daꞈ tuˬ ka tiꞈ te daꞈve engaged, promise to marry หมั้น heuˆ naꞈve marry youngˬ marry early in life heuˆ-e geꞈ-e ve hit something hard heuˇ sha hpawˇ deh kuiˬ dock, pier heuˬ te ve sigh with weariness, heuꞈ daꞈ ve teˇ ceuˬ awˍ g'uiˬ sha ve mehˆ g'uˇ suh awˬ hawˉ lo hkanˍ yuˬ ve awˬ ceuˬ hpehꞈ ve yoˬ. matrimony is something which is received in the sight of god. heˆ heˆ te ve accelerate heˍ puiˉ ve neˇ a lying spirit heˍ toˇve go around telling lies hiˉ maˬ teˇ maˬ the eighth one hk'a awˍ ehˬ weakly (adverb) hk'a beh-ehˍ until it's all covered ปิดคลุม hk'a beh-ehˍ beh mehˍ cover it up completely ปิดมิดชิด hk'a biˇ biˇ all full, chock full of เต็ม, สมบูรณ์ hk'a biˇ hk'a lawꞈ full and plenty เต็มพอดี hk'a biˇ-ehˍ abundantly เต็ม hk'a bvuhˆ caˇve eat one's fill, until full กินเต็มที่ hk'a bvuhˆ ehˬ caˇve eat one's fill กินให้อิ่ม hk'a bvuhˆ-ehˍ until one is satisfied อิ่มเต็มที hk'a cawˇ skillfullyˬ accurately พอดี hk'a cawˇ cawˇ (ehˍ) rather well, fairly well พอดี hk'a cawˇ-ehˍ skillfully, well, accuratelyˬ almost พอดี hk'a caˆ-ehˍ exactly พอดี hk'a ceꞈ in plenty, forming complete group hk'a cheˆ until it breaks hk'a dawꞈ-ehˬ until they touchˬ to the point of contact hk'a dehꞈ chaw naˆ, coˇ shaˍ hk'aˇ-awˍ follow them well, those tracks there! hk'a dehꞈ ehˬ te ve do properly ตั้งใจทำ hk'a dehꞈ k'oˆ k'o indeed, in fact, actually พูดดีๆ hk'a dehꞈ tzuh chehˇ sheˍ stay still! hk'a dehꞈ-ehˍ properly, thoroughly ดีๆ hk'a fui fui k'ai ve go the same distance ไปใกลเท่ากัน hk'a fui-ehˍ the same distance, just as far ใกล้-ไกลเท่าๆ กัน hk'a g'a yuˬ reach out until you get it! จับให้ได้ hk'a g'a-ehˍ as far as, until it reaches hk'a gaˬ until ถึง hk'a gaˬ suh everywhere, everyplace ถึงทุกที่ hk'a geh together ด้วยกัน hk'a geh k'ai k'o, kawˆ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ if we go together, there's nothing to be afraid of ถ้าไปด้วยกันไม่ต้องกลัวเลย hk'a hehnˇ hehnˇ as strongly as possible, as loud as one can hk'a hoˍ completely (red lahu) hk'a jaˇ-ehˍ with might, to the utmost สุดแรง hk'a je-ehˬ fairly, enough for everyone, in plenty hk'a je-ehˬ cawˬ piˆ-oˆ let there be plenty to go around! hk'a jehˇ to limit of endurance, as much as one can stand เต็มที่ hk'a jehˇ te mehˍ give it your all! hk'a jehˇ-ehˍ with all one's might, as much as one can stand สุดกำลัง hk'a jehˇ-ehˍ caˇve eat one's fill กินเต็มที่ hk'a k'ai gaˇ paˍ all who want to go ผู้อยากไป hk'a k'ehˬ k'ehˬ te ve widen ทำกว้างๆ hk'a lawꞈ sufficiently พอดี hk'a lawꞈ sufficiently, enough พอดี hk'a lawꞈ ehˬ heuˆ ve get enough เอาแต่พอดี hk'a lawꞈ heuˆ ve get enough ได้เพียงพอ hk'a lawꞈ lawꞈ maˇ nyiˉ taˍ sheˍ something redˬ something bare hk'a leh to the end สิ้นสุด hk'a loˍ hk'a hawˆ-ehˍ (vuiˬ ve) (to buy) everything one needs ทุกสิ่งทุกอย่างที่จำเป็นต้องมี hk'a ma-ehˍ equally, in the same amount, to the same extent เท่ากัน hk'a mvuh ehˍ to the same height, equally tall สูงเท่ากัน hk'a mvuhˇ hk'a na te ve indulge in all kinds of outrageous behavior ลวนลาม hk'a mvuhˇ hk'a na yaw ve say outrageous things, reviling people พูดเรื่อยเปลื่อย hk'a nehˆ until it's all wet ให้เปียก hk'a nga ngai ve awˬ ceu things easy to do สิ่งง่ายๆ hk'a ngai easily ง่ายๆ hk'a ngai ngai tiˉ with the greatest of ease ง่ายๆ hk'a paˆ intensifying particle, used where non-visual perception is at issue ได้ยิน, รู้ลึก hk'a paˆ neˍ i hear something! ได้ยินอยู่นะ hk'a peu-eˬ allˬ everythingˬ completely ทั้งหมด hk'a sha sha-ehˍ easily, with no problems ง่ายๆ hk'a shiˍ so that one knows เท่าที่รู้ hk'a shuˍ maˇ heˆ not be the same ไม่เหมือนกัน hk'a shuˍ shuˍ in just the same way เหมือนๆ กัน hk'a shuˍ-ehˍ in the same way, manner เหมือนกัน hk'a shuˍ-ehˍ te ve to do in the same way, likewiseˬ make it the same hk'a suh-ehˍ until death ยาวเท่ากัน hk'a suh-ehˍ tawˍ-ehˍ te mehˍ make them all the same length ทำให้เสมอกัน, ไม่ลำเอียง hk'a tawˍ ehˬ mawˬ ve see something clearly hk'a tawˍ lehˆ-ehˍ sticking out plainly, in full view ชัดเจน hk'a tawˍ-ehˍ nice and flatˬ evenly, perfectly lined up เสมอภาค hk'a tiˍ ehˬ all the way to (adv expression) จนสุดทาง hk'a ve to sow rice ปลูก hk'a zuh as long as possible (time) ครบปี, ตลอดปี hk'a zuh chehˇve stay as long as possible อยู่ครบ hk'a zuh-ehˍ the same length, equally long ครบปี, ตลอดปี hk'ai maˍve explain by narration, tell an instructive story เล่า hk'ai pawnˍve confess (animist) hk'ai pawnˍve (animist) confessˬ tell one's inmost thoughts hk'ai ti ve transplant (in the ground) hk'ai ve narrate, report something hk'aiˉ pehˍve cross out something written ลบ hk'aiˉve to slander, revile someone นินทา hk'aiˬ k'ai ve move away hk'aiˬ ve to move away hk'anˇve cry out, groan, complain บ่น hk'anˇ ve lawˬ ve beg and beseechˬ beseech with loud cries อ้อนวอน hk'anˍ kind of fish trap hk'aunˬ splash! เสียงสิ่งตกน้ำ hk'aw mountain, hill ภูเขา hk'aw clf for hills, mountains ลักษณะนาม(เขาหนึ่งลูก) hk'aw inside, interior, into, to ข้างใน hk'aw hole, object with a hole in it, a ring รู hk'aw awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ foot of mountain ตีนเขา hk'aw baˬ the other side of the mountainˍhill หลังเขา hk'aw baꞈ le a ridge, mountain slope ข้างเขา hk'aw baꞈ le awˍ k'ai ve to ridge-walk (around a mountain) ไปข้างเขา hk'aw cawˆ-ehˬ ve a range of mountains ภูเขาที่เป็นทิวแถว hk'aw cu a single mountain, hill hk'aw cu chehˇ-ehˬ mountain with pointed peak hk'aw cu g'euˉ-ehˬ mountain with rounded peak hk'aw cu tawˍ-ehˬ mountain with flat peak hk'aw daˬ a fern that grows in the hills hk'aw ehˉ hill ภูเขาเล็ก hk'aw hk'oˆ on top of the mountains บนภูเขา hk'aw hk'oˆ lawˬ hk'oˆ teˇ ti le le daꞈve in the hills every place is good. hk'aw hk'oˆ yaˇ hill folk, hill tribesmen ชาวเขา hk'aw hkuiˉ puiˍ foot of a mountain เนินเขา, เชิงเขา hk'aw hkuiˉ puiˍ foot of mountain ตีนเขา hk'aw kaˍ mountain pass, valley between mountains ระหว่างภูเขา hk'aw kaˍ lawˬ kaˍ hills and mountains, habitat of wild animals ระหว่างภูเขา hk'aw leh meuˇ end of mountain range, bottom of a mountain สุดทางด้านหนึ่งของภูเขา hk'aw mehˍ bottom of a hill เชิงเขา hk'aw nyiˇ maˬ two mountains สองภูเขา hk'aw pui mountain, hill ภูเขา hk'aw pui hk'oˆ lo bon maˍve the sermon on the mount คำเทศน์บนภูเขา hk'aw suh k'ai ve travel through the mountains ไปตามภูเขา hk'aw taˆ hawˆ ve arrive at the peak of a mtn hk'aw taˆ ve climb a mountain ขึ้นเขา hk'aw tcuhˉ-ehˬ all curled up ม้วนตัว hk'aw uˉ top of hill ยอดเขา hk'aw uˉ tcuh summit, peak, mountain top ยอดเขา hk'aw ve to open (as wound), have a hole made in something แผล hk'aw yaˇ lawˬ yaˇ hill folk ชาวเขา hk'awehꞈ something concave, hollow เสียงน้ำตก hk'awˆ ve put on the head, wear on the head ใส่, สวม hk'awˇ classifier for cloth ปู(แผ่, ขยายที่พื้น) hk'awˇ clf for long objects (gun, tools, candles, needles) ลักษณะนาม (กระบอก, อัน, ด้าม) hk'awˇ smoke ควัน hk'awˇ (v)ve to (v) sneakily, to (v) in secret แอบทำ.. hk'awˇ hpawnˬ daꞈve assembleˍmeet in secret แอบประชุม hk'awˇ hto ve to tell in secret, confidentially แอบบอก hk'awˇ jaˆ ve to spy แอบดู, สอดแนม hk'awˇ laˬ ve come in secret, sneak up on แอบมา hk'awˇ na ve listen secretly, eavesdrop แอบฟัง hk'awˇ nyi ve sneak a peak at แอบดู hk'awˇ paꞈ daꞈve copulate in secret แอบมีเพศสัมพันธ์ hk'awˇ tuˬ mat, matress, sheet, blanket (something to spread out) เสื่อ, สาด hk'awˇve to steal, rob ขโมย hk'awˇve to spread out, lay out ปูพื้น hk'awˉ awˍ hk'awˉ loˇ beg and beseech hk'awˉve to beg, pray (animist) ขอโทษ, อ้อนวอน hk'awˬ (num) (clf) which (clf)ˉ อันไหน hk'awˬ ca haˉ tu la le. where did you spend the nightˉ hk'awˬ ca k'ai k'awꞈ la ve le where have you beenˉ ไปใหนมา hk'awˬ g'aˇ chi g'aˇ each and every person แต่ละคน hk'awˬ k'ai le where are you goingˉ (greeting) ไปใหน hk'awˬ kaꞈ whereˉ ที่ไหน hk'awˬ lawˇ awˬ kawˇ border of a basket ตระกร้าว่าง hk'awˬ lawˇ teˇ shiˍ one basket กระทายหนึ่งลูก hk'awˬ le where (is it)ˉ อยู่ไหน hk'awˬ naˬ taˇ hkiˉ sickness and trouble hk'awˬ paˉ on which sideˉ ด้านไหน hk'awˬ teˇ ha pa le which month is itˉ เดือนไหน hk'awˬ teˇ hk'eh which animalˉ ตัวไหน hk'awˬ teˇ maˬ ca vuiˬ a k'o whichever one you go and buy แม้ว่าซื้ออันไหน hk'awˬ ve sickness, sick (red lahu) อันไหน hk'awꞈ year ปี hk'awꞈ biˇ nyi last day of the old year วันที่ครบปี hk'awꞈ caˇve celebrate the new year ฉลองปีใหม่ hk'awꞈ cehˬ ha cehˬ the "year-tree" (used in celebrations) ต้นไม้สำหรับฉลอง hk'awꞈ chi muiˬ caˇ tcuhˇ tcuh maˇ hkawˍ this year the crop is not so plentiful. ปีนี้ไม่เหมาะที่จะทำไร่ hk'awꞈ dehˬ ve to shrink, retract hk'awꞈ geh ve enter the new year hk'awꞈ haˉ new year's eve คืนก่อนปีใหม่ hk'awꞈ hk'aw throat หลอดคอ hk'awꞈ hk'aw k'aˉve be stuckˍcaught in throat ติดคอ hk'awꞈ hk'aw naˬ ve sore throat เจ็บคอ hk'awꞈ hk'aw suhˉ pehˍ piˇve strangle someone บีบคอ hk'awꞈ htaꞈ shehˆ maˬ teˇ pun pehˬ k'o nyiˇ hpehꞈve six divided by three equals two. hk'awꞈ laˉ ashes ขี้เถ้า hk'awꞈ laˉ dehˍ bamboo stuffed with cooked rice ข้าวหลาม hk'awꞈ laˉ hk'ehˇ ashtray ถาดขี้เถ้า hk'awꞈ liˇ ha liˇ new year's customs ประเพณีประจำปี hk'awꞈ nawˉ the back of, behind ข้างหลัง hk'awꞈ nawˉ backˬ behind hk'awꞈ nawˉ hpfuhˆ tawˍ daꞈ leh back-to-back หลังชนหลัง hk'awꞈ nawˉ hpfuhˆ tawˍ daꞈve be back to back hk'awꞈ nawˉ htaˇ in the future ในอนาคต hk'awꞈ nawˉ paˉ the back side, backwards ด้านหลัง hk'awꞈ nawˉ teˇ shinˉ next week, a week later สัปดาห์หน้า hk'awꞈ nyi suhˍ nyi chi awˬ hawˉ awˍ six or seven days at most หลังจากหกเจ็ดวัน hk'awꞈ peu ve send something back ส่งคืน hk'awꞈ peu ve send something back hk'awꞈ peꞈve give back (an object) คืนให้ hk'awꞈ piˇ ve, hk'awꞈ laˇve to give back ให้คำตอบ hk'awꞈ suhˉ the new year ปีใหม่ hk'awꞈ suhˉ mvuhˇ hpeuꞈ teˇ haˉ new year's eve คืนก่อนวันปีใหม่ hk'awꞈ suhˉ nyi new year's day วันปีใหม่ hk'awꞈ uˉ the beginning of the year ครบรอบหนึ่งปี hk'awꞈve to return, take something back ตอบ hk'awꞈ zuh the year round ครบปี hk'awꞈ zuh ha peh complete a full year's cycle hk'awꞈ zuh nawˆ shiˍ lentilˬ pigeon pea hk'aˆ village หมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ expensive, costly แพง hk'aˆ basket hk'aˆ awˬ paˇ neˇ laˇ cawˬ shawˍ laˇ are there still a lot of tigers near the villageˉ hk'aˆ caꞈ yaˇ awˍ it's very expensive! hk'aˆ chawˇ lawˬ paˆ one's fellow villagers เพื่อนบ้าน hk'aˆ chawˇ lawˬ paˆ one's fellow villagers เพื่อนบ้าน hk'aˆ chi nyiˇ hk'aˆ ceh yawˇ uiˍve his power just extends to these two villages hk'aˆ hai live in a hamlet, separate from main village hk'aˆ hk'aw awˍ teˇ g'aˇ kaꞈ maˇ chehˇ-oˬ there's no body around in the village right now. hk'aˆ hk'aw tu leh hehˆ puiˉ hk'aw k'ai ve starting off from the village they went into the jungle. hk'aˆ hkiˉ lawˬ hkiˉ troubles in the village hk'aˆ hpaˆ daꞈve billage divides, breaks up แยกหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ htaꞈ jaw k'ai ve avoid a village, make a detour around a village hk'aˆ jaˇ the edge of a village hk'aˆ jaˇ hk'aˆ ji all around the village รอบหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ jaˇ hk'aˆ ji all around the village รอบหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ jaˇ k'ai ve go to the edge of village, go to defecate ไปนอกหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ jaˇ neˍ! that's really expensive! แพงจัง hk'aˆ ji around the village, vicinity of village hk'aˆ k'aw ji the middle of the village กลางหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ k'awꞈ hk'aˆ le all over the village ทั่วหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ kan ve armed with a crossbow ถือธนู hk'aˆ leh assistant headman ผู้ช่วยผู้ใหญ่บ้าน hk'aˆ liˇ village custom กฎหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ liˇ keu ve give small gift to headman when moving into village ธรรมเนียมหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ lonˉ large village หมู่บ้านใหญ่ hk'aˆ mi hpawˇ lower part of the village ใต้หมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ neˇ village spirit ผีหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ nyiˇ hk'aˆ two villages สองหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ nyiˇ hpawˇ both sides of the village สองด้านของหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ pa bawˆ ve shoot at a target with a crossbow แลกธนูกันยิง hk'aˆ shaw paˍ village protectors (against bandits, etc.) ยามหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ sheh village headman ผู้ใหญ่บ้าน hk'aˆ sheh aꞈ chi hk'e tawˇ yaw ve chaw maˇ mawˬ jaw whoever heard of talking to a headman that way! hk'aˆ sheh hpu piˇ leh chi hpaˇ htaꞈ htawˍ hk'aw htaiˍ tawˆ piˇve the headman paid some money and got the guy out of jail. hk'aˆ sheh ma village headman's wife ภรรยาผู้ใหญ่บ้าน hk'aˆ sheh te ve act as headman hk'aˆ taˍve set up a village hk'aˆ uˉ hpawˇ upper part of the village ทิศเหนือของหมู่บ้าน hk'aˆ yaˇ villager ลูกบ้าน hk'aˇ ciˇ (earth) fireplace ที่ตั้งเตาไฟ hk'aˇ kuiˉ ehˬ very bitter ขมมาก hk'aˇ suh tracks, trail ติดตาม hk'aˇ tawˉ-ehˬ as bitter as gall hk'aˇve bitter ขม, เค็ม hk'aˇve be active, diligent เก่ง hk'aˉ puˍ hk'aˉ lu baskets in general, various kinds of baskets กระพา, กระทาย hk'aˬ awˍ whereˉ hk'aˬ fe how wide กว้างเท่าไหร่ hk'aˬ fui, hk'aˬ fui vuiˇ le how far (is it)ˉ ไกลเท่ากันใหม hk'aˬ g'aˇ chi g'aˇ each and every person ทุกคน hk'aˬ g'oꞈ chi g'oꞈ every household ทุกบ้าน hk'aˬ hk'e awˍ haˉ e tuˬ le where shall we spend the nightˉ ไปค้างคืนที่ไหน hk'aˬ hk'e ceh ceh how very!, to what an extent! ขนาดไหน hk'aˬ hk'e ceh g'a chi hk'e ceh (v) (v) as much as one can ได้เท่าไหร่ก็เท่านั้น hk'aˬ hk'e g'a te tuˬ naˍ aˇ shiˍ i don't know what to doˉ hk'aˬ hk'e hpeh chuiꞈ ve kaꞈ daꞈ ve yoˬ. however how you tie it, it's okay. มัดอย่างไรก็ดี hk'aˬ hk'e hpehꞈ htawˇ te k'oꞈ e e nyi ceh yoˬ anyway we'll just head back and have a look at it. hk'aˬ hk'e hpehꞈ ve le what's going onˉ เป็นอย่างไร hk'aˬ hk'e k'ai le what happenedˉ how did it goˉ เกิดอะไรขึ้น hk'aˬ hk'e k'oˆ k'o, for example, if one says 'how' ถ้าจะพูดไปแล้ว hk'aˬ hk'e k'oˆ ve le what did you sayˉ พูดอย่างไร hk'aˬ hk'e kaꞈ no matter what อย่างไรก็ตาม hk'aˬ hk'e kaꞈ te maˇ hpehꞈ-oˬ there was nothing to be done. อย่างไรก็ทำไม่ได้แล้ว hk'aˬ hk'e le how are thingsˉ อย่างไร hk'aˬ hk'e te (leh) howˉ having done howˉ ทำอย่างไร hk'aˬ hk'e te htawˇ, hk'aˬ hk'e hpehꞈ htawˇ at any rate, in any case อย่างไรก็ตาม, ถึงแม้ hk'aˬ hk'e te ve le how did you do it ทำอย่างไร hk'aˬ hk'e ve teˇ ceuˬ what kind of, which kindˉ hk'aˬ hk'e ve yehˬ le what kind of house is itˉ บ้านหลังไหน hk'aˬ hpawˇ chi hpawˇ kuˬ cuꞈve invite people from all over hk'aˬ htaˆ whenˉ เมื่อไหร่ hk'aˬ htaˆ chi htaˆ always ทุกเมื่อ hk'aˬ htaˆ chi htaˆ always, forever ประจำ hk'aˬ htaˆ kaꞈ always เสมอ hk'aˬ htaˆ teˇ nyi some day or otherˬ on what dayˉ วันไหน hk'aˬ htaˆ teˇ nyi on which dayˉ hk'aˬ htaˆ teˇ yanˇ at any time เวลาไหน hk'aˬ htaˆ teˇ yanˇ suh tuˬ naˍ a i may die at any time. จะตายเมื่อไหร่ hk'aˬ hui le how big is itˉ ใหญ่เท่าไหร่ hk'aˬ kaˬ chi kaˬ everywhere ทุกที่ทุกทาง hk'aˬ lawn chi lawn peuˬ ve awˬ mehˆ period, full stop ฟูลสต็อฟ(.) hk'aˬ lo whereˉ ที่ไหน hk'aˬ lo chehˇ ve le where do you liveˉ อยู่ที่ไหน hk'aˬ lo chi lo everywhere ทุกที่ hk'aˬ ma (v) maˇ heˆ not (v) so much, not (v) very much ไม่มาก hk'aˬ ma chi ma no matter how much เท่านี้เท่านั้น hk'aˬ ma daꞈ jaˇ ve le how very good it is ดีสักเท่าไหร่ hk'aˬ ma k'o nyi hk'aˇ suh le how much are you willing to pay for itˉ or how much are you willing to accept for itˉ hk'aˬ ma ma a lot, much, so much เท่าไหร่ hk'aˬ ma ma maˇ (v) not (v) very much hk'aˬ ma ma taˇ caˇ don't eat so much! อย่ากินมาก hk'aˬ ma oˇ ma maˇ cawˬ there aren't that many ไม่มีเท่า hk'aˬ ma peuˬ hk'aˬ hk'e te htawˇ k'awꞈ shu a cuˉ yaꞈ ga laˇ ve yoˬ. no matter how we do it or how much we spend, the government people will help us. hk'aˬ ma te ve le how much of it are you makingˉˬ how much are you asking forˉ (price) hk'aˬ maw how long (time) นานเท่าไหร่ hk'aˬ mvuh how highˉ สูงเท่าไหร่ hk'aˬ mvuhˇ chi miˬ all countries, each and every country ทุกประเทศ, ทุกเมือง hk'aˬ nyi chi nyi each and everyday hk'aˬ nyiˇ how many hk'aˬ nyiˇ chi how many groups of tenˉ hk'aˬ nyiˇ chi hk'awꞈ how many decadesˉ hk'aˬ nyiˇ naˍ liˍ gaˬ oˬ le what time is itˉ hk'aˬ nyiˇ naˍliˍ gaˬ oˬ le what time is itˉ กี่โมงแล้ว hk'aˬ nyiˇ pawˆ how many times, how often กี่ครั้ง hk'aˬ pehˉ, hk'awˬ pehˉ where is itˉ hk'aˬ to chi to everybody ทุกผู้ทุกคน hk'aˬ ve which อันใหน hk'aˬ ve aˉ htaw yehˇ gaˇ ve le which knife do you want to useˉ อยากใช้มีดเล่มใหน hk'aˬ ve iˉ shiˍ htawˇ caˇ hpehꞈ-aw. you may eat any of the fruit. ผลไม้ลูกไหนก็กินได้ hk'aˬ ve laˇhuˍ yaˇ maˇ k'oˆ nawˬ aꞈ te tcuh laˇ hehˉ any lahu would probably let you do that. hk'aˬ ve teˇ paˉ on which sideˉ ด้านใหน hk'aˬ vuiˇ oˇ vuiˇ maˇ cawˬ it's not all that far. ไม่ไกลเท่า hk'aˬ zuhˬ how long (space or time) ยาวเท่ากัน hk'aˬmoˆ khmu tribe hk'e stretch something out hk'e object, oppose something hk'e clf for sudden movements, strokes hk'e like, thus, so ดังนั้น hk'e approximately, about ประมาณ hk'e caw caw to such an extent, degree ขนาดนั้น hk'e caw-ehˬ just about, more or less เท่านี้ hk'e caˬ caˬ to such an extent ขนาดนั้น hk'e caˬ caˬ taˇ te neˍ don't exert yourselves so much อย่าทำขนาดนั้น hk'e ceh merely, just, only (adverb) แค่นี้ hk'e ceh ca dawˇ guiˇ ve maˇ heˆ we're not just playing around with the idea ไม่ไช่เล่นๆ hk'e htawˇ however, but อย่างไรก็ตาม hk'e hui as big as this เท่านี้ hk'e k'o, so, then, in that case (when beginning sentence) ดังนั้น hk'e kaꞈ but, however แต่ว่า hk'e kaꞈ, nawˬ g'a law ve yoˬ but you do have to wait. แต่ว่าคุณต้องรอ hk'e leˇ like, just as it is เหมือน hk'e leˇ hpehꞈ chehˇ ve awˬ lawn htaꞈ yawˇ nyi ma maˇ cawˇ he's not satisfied with the way things are (present circumstances) ไม่พอใจกับเรื่องที่เกิดขึ้น hk'e leˇ te chehˇ a sheˍ stay as you are, don't trouble yourself hk'e leˇ te chehˇve be idle, have nothing special to do อยู่เฉยๆ, ทำเหมือนไม่อะไร hk'e leˇ yehˇ baˬ ve waste something ใช้เปล่าๆ hk'e ma ma about as much as เท่าเท่ากัน hk'e maw maw as long a time as นาน นาน hk'e suh e ve yoˬ and so he died ตายอย่างนั้น hk'e taw taw like thisˬ to this extent hk'e taw taw daꞈ jaˇ ve pa taw... since it's so very good... hk'e te well then, so hk'e te k'o thereupon, after that, in that case ถ้าเช่นนั้น hk'e te leh (awˍ) then, after that, so ดังนั้น hk'e te leh awˍ hk'e so..., then..., thereupon... ดังนั้น hk'e te sheˍ leh awˍ after the previous state of affairs came about... ทำอย่างนั้น hk'e, tehꞈ ends quote clause hk'ehˇ excrement, feces อุจจาระ hk'ehˇ hawˆ ve to have diarrhea ท้องร่วง hk'ehˇ hk'aw diˬ buttock hk'ehˇ hk'aw diˬ, hk'ehˇ hk'aw pui the butt แก้มก้น hk'ehˇ hk'aw hawˇve idiom meaning lazy, "heavy in the butt" ก้นหนัก(ขี้เกียจ) hk'ehˇ hk'aw hpawˇ the rear part ด้านท้าย(รถ) hk'ehˇ hk'aw lawˬ ve be alert, "light in the butt" ก้นเบา(ตื่นตัว) hk'ehˇ hk'aw, hk'ehˇ tuˇ anus ก้น, ทวารหนัก hk'ehˇ hkanˉve to be constipated อุจจาระติด hk'ehˇ hkaˉ ve, hk'ehˇ cehˍve be constipated ถ่ายยาก hk'ehˇ k'oˬ kuiˬ place to excrement ส้วม hk'ehˇ k'oˬ yehˬ outhouse ห้องน้ำ hk'ehˇ k'uˉ shiˆ tuˬ toilet paper กระดาษชำระ hk'ehˇ meuˇ a turd ทวารหนัก hk'ehˇ nuˬ ve to stink of excrement เหม็นอุจจาระ hk'ehˇ oˬ, hk'ehˇ k'oˬ ve to excrement ถ่ายอุจจาระ hk'ehˇ tehꞈve to fart, break wind, have gas ผายลม(ตด) hk'ehꞈ rung, step of a ladder ขั้นบันได hk'eun instrument, tool, utensil hk'eun half done, half-way through hk'eun daꞈve be equal, half and half เท่ากัน hk'iˉ hk'iˉ k'ai ve snicker, giggle หัวเราะกิ๋กๆ hk'o caˍve call an animal to eat เรียกสัตย์มากิน hk'o hk'awꞈve call backˬ recall เรียกคืน hk'o ve draw water hk'oˆ above, on top of ข้างบน hk'oˆ clf for cloth, clothing hk'oˇ clf for families, households ผ่า hk'oˇ meuˇ mouth, opening ปาก hk'oꞈ tuꞈve face sunken with distress hk'oꞈ-e ve get dented รอยเว้า, ยุบ hka daꞈve bicker with each other hka puiˉve fault-finding hka ve criticize, find fault or intercede, bring peaceˉ เข้าชัดขวาง hkanˇ gold hkanˉ clf for groups of ten ติด hkanˉ chaw kachin, jinghpaw ชาวกะฉิน hkanˉ tiˍ tanˍve be jammed tight, be stuck for good hkanˉve be clogged, blocked ติด hkanˍ hkawˇ a curse คำรับรอง hkanˍ k'ai ve go across, pass through ข้ามไป hkanˍ maw ve long-suffering, enduring อดทนนาน hkanˍ piˇ shehˍ hpaˇ protector ผู้ค้ำประกัน hkanˍ piˇve protect ค้ำประกัน hkanˍ suh ve suffer death, sacrifice one's life hkanˍ tawˆ ve vouch for someone's release, post bond for release hkanˍve undergo, bear, endure, able to resist อดทน hkanˍ ve tuˇve swear to something, guarantee hkanˍ ve tuˇve bear false witness, swear falsely hkanˍ yuˬ ve receive something (significant) ทนรับ hkaoˬ monˉ te htaˇ diˇ g'a keu ve when you make bread you have to put in yeast. hkaw horn เขา hkaw lump, clod hkaw hpi-u teuˇ caꞈ teˇ maˬ one computer hkawehˉ be jealous of, envy อิจฉา ริษยา hkawehˉ ma small cymbal ฉิ่งฉับ hkawehˉ puiˉve be enviousˬ covetous hkawnˍ tax hkawnˍ keu ve, hkawnˍ piˇve pay taxes hkawnˍ shaw ve collect taxes, exact tribute hkawˆ jail คอก hkawˆ hk'aw keu ve put in jail, imprison ใส่ในคุก hkawˆ ko ve put up a fence ล้อมรั้ว hkawˆ teˇ kaˬ one fence คุกอีกที่ hkawˇ sound, noise เสียง hkawˇ clf for spoken words ภาษา hkawˇ haweh bvuhˬ ve an echo resounds hkawˇ haweh kaˇve hear an echo hkawˇ ho echo hkawˇ jaˇ neˍ you talk too much! hkawˇ jaˇ neˍ you talk too much! hkawˇ liˉ property hkawˇ mvuh the high-falling tone เสียงสูง hkawˇ mvuh hkawˇ nehˬ high and low pitch เครื่องหมายเสียงสูง-ต่ำ hkawˇ mvuh hkawˇ nehˬ tones เสียงสูงเสียงต่ำ hkawˇ mvuh hkawˇ nehˬ high and low pitched words, tonal contours (of a language) hkawˇ mvuh hkawˇ nehˬ ve awˬ heˆ tone marks เครื่องหมายเสียงสูงเสียงต่ำ hkawˇ mvuh ngeh the high short tone เสียงสั้น hkawˇ mvuh zuhˬ the high-rising tone เสียงยาว hkawˇ na puiˉve to be obedient, meek เชื่อฟัง hkawˇ na ve listen to advice ฟังเสียง hkawˇ nehˬ the low-falling tone เสียงต่ำ hkawˇ nehˬ ngeh the low short tone เสียงสั้น hkawˇ nehˬ zuhˬ the flat low tone เสียงต่ำราบ hkawˇ ngeh abbreviation, short form or word hkawˇ suhˉve be hoarse, raspy เสียงแหบ hkawˇ teˇ hkawˇ one word hkawˇ tzuhˇ-aˇ neˍ you talk too much! hkawˇve heavily pouring, gush hkawˇ zuhˬ full form, long form of word hkawˇ-ehˬ clustered, clumped hkawˇmiˇniˆ communist คอมมิวนิสต์ hkawˉ hkawˉ k'ai ve limp along, stagger hkawˉ htehˆ quartet ร้องสี่คน hkawˉ luˉ hkawˉ tanˇ offerings (animistˉ) hkawˉ tanˇ cehˬ offering tree, from small village to senior village at new year's festival hkawˉ ve yoˬ i'm sorryˍapologize. ขอโทษ hkawˉ yehˬ choir ร้องเพลงประสานเสียง hkawˍ a top ลูกข่าง hkawˍ have an abundant yield hkawˍ gehˬ ve a top spins ลูกข่างหมุนเร็ว hkawˍ shiˍ baˬ ve throw a top ข้าวงลูกข่าง hkawˍ tawˍ barn owl นกเค้าแมว hkawˍ teh ve set a top spinning hkawˍve suit well, fit well (clothing) เหมาะสม hkawˬ monˇ teˇ shiˍ a loaf of bread ขนมหนึ่งก้อน hkawˬ newˉ sticky rice hkawˬ nuˉ, hkawˬ monˇ cake, bread ขนม hkawˬ vanˇ half of the day hkawꞈ six ผสม hkawꞈ daꞈve mixed together, confused ผสมกัน ปนกัน hkawꞈ daꞈve mix together hkawꞈ hkawꞈ hawˆ hawˆ all mixed up, a tangled mess ผสมผสานกัน hkawꞈ hkaꞈve be sparse, scattered, few and far between hkawꞈ hkaꞈve scarce, scattered hkawꞈ tanˍ sixth grade hkawꞈ taˍve already mixed in, included hkawꞈve mix together ใส่ hkaˆ bawˆ ve shoot a crossbow ยิงธนู hkaˆ caˆ bow string สายธนู hkaˆ dawˇ stockˍshaft of crossbow hkaˆ ho bow of the crossbow hkaˆ le crossbow trigger ไกหน้าไม้ hkaˆ le awˉve pull a crossbow trigger ลั่นไก hkaˆ mawˍve aim a crossbow เล็งธนู hkaˆ sheˍve scoop out and sow, scatter, spread หว่าน hkaˆ teˇ hkoˇ part of the village hkaˆ thaw ve load a crossbow hkaˆ ve scoop something outˍup ตัด, ฟัน hkaˆ yaˇ a kehˉ a ciˉ chu jaˇve be much fatter than the villagers คนในหมู่บ้านที่อ้วนกว่ามาก hkaˆ yuˬ ve to get by scooping จับเอา hkaˇ baiˇ carbine hkaˇ baiˇ lonˉ modern american-type rifle hkaˉ ce bawˉ k'oˍ a quiver hkaˉ ce htaˇve load an arrow hkaˉ ce meuˇ arrowhead hkaˉ shiˉ a file (tool) hkaˉ, hkaˆ crossbow hkaˍ hkawˇ a curse hkaꞈ-ehˬ separated, sparsely hkaꞈ-ehˬ g'aꞈve weave loosely hkeh cord, string, rope เชือก hkeh clf for animals ดัว hkeh diˬ ball of thread กลอด้าย hkeh g'awˬ ve spin thread ฟั่นด้าย hkeh neh membrane of fruits ตอก hkeh puˬ lawˆ termite hill จอมปลวก hkeh shiˍ a bean bag ลูกช่วง hkehnˇ la ve to improve, be an improvement ดีขึ้น hkehnˇve be well-off, prosperous ทุเลา hkehˆ lead (metal) hkehˆ clf for packets แผง hkehˆ caˇve have a feast, wedding celebration ฉลองสมรส hkehˆ chaw guest, visitor แขก, ผู้มาเยือน hkehˆ chaw haˉ kuiˬ yehˬ a hotel โรงแรม hkehˆ chaw haˉ kuiˬ yehˬ hotel, inn โรงแรม hkehˆ htaꞈ caˇ tuˬ keu teh ve offer food to a guest hkehˆ taˬ pencil ดินสอ hkehˆ taˬ pencil hkehˇ cup, bowl, vessel ถ้วย hkehˇ chi nyiˇ hkehˇ teˇ cuˍ yoˬ these two dishes are a set. hkehˇ chi teˇ maˬ peꞈ aˬ law this plate is cracked! hkehˇ hk'aw iˉ kaˆ a ciˉ keu a put some water into the bowl, please. ใส่น้ำในจานให้หน่อย hkehˇ htawˆ k'oˍ small mortar hkehˇ lonˉ basin, tub จานใหญ่ hkehˇ naˍ paw cup handle หูจับ hkehˇ pehˆ nehˆ trayˬ shallow dishˬ saucer hkehˇ taˬ che tuˬ a pencil sharpener hkehˇ taˬ che ve sharpen a pencil hkehˇ tcuh ve to bedazzle, cause to see stars hkehˇve to split open hkehˇ yuˬ teh ve to set a meal วางถ้วย hkehˉ nawehˬ caˇve engagement party หมั้น hkehˍ hpeˇ an evangelistic campaign, music hkehˍ hpeˇ awˬ moˍ musical group (religious) hkehˍ hpeˇ te ve make gospel-music, conduct campaign hkehˬ fencing contest รำดาบ hkehˬ ca ve look for something very intently hkehˬ te daꞈve to fence each other รำดาบใส่กัน hkeu pfuhˍ piˇve to lay a curse on someone สาปแช่งใส่ hkeu pfuhˍ piˇve lay a curse on someone hkeu ve curse, revile (red lahu) สาปแช่ง hkeuˬ ve go, march เหยีบหยาม hkeuˬ< come on! let's go! hkeuˬ< k'oꞈ-e let's go back home! hkeuꞈ deˇ yoˬ all that trouble for nothing! เหนื่อยเปล่า hkeuꞈ deˇ yoˬ all my trouble was for nothing! hkeuꞈve be burnt ยาก ลำบาก hkeˬ liˍ sawˇ a lisu ชาวลีซอ hkeˬ mewꞈ a hmong ชาวม้ง hkeˬ yawꞈ a yao ชาวเย้า hkeˬmewꞈ geh kaꞈ cawˬ it's there where the hmong are. hkiˆ calculate, figure คำนวณ hkiˆ ve, kiˇ ve, hkiꞈve ride ขี่, ขับ hkiˇ saˬ maˆ christmas คริสมาส hkiˉ kuiˬ reason to worry สิ่งที่ทำให้กังวล hkiˉ kuiˬ keh kuiˬ troubles, misfortunes, woes hkiˉve to worry, troubled กังวล hkiˉ ve kiˬ ve be anxious and busy กระวนกระวาย hkiˉ ve kiˬ ve be anxious and busy กระวีกระวาด hkiˬ body dirt hko jaˇ hyper, mischievous ชนมาก hko ko ve to fence in a garden ล้อมรั้วสวน hko noˆ, hko nuˆ a clampˬ a vise hko te ve plant a garden ทำสวน hko teˇ hko a garden สวนหนึ่ง hkoˇ (baˉ) half, or a piece of ครึ่ง hkoˇ puiˉ aˬ, hkoˇ sha ve be fragile, brittle, delicate แตกง่าย hkoˇve shatter, break into pieces ซน hkoꞈve munch, eat noisily เคี้ยว hkriꞈ christ คริสต์ hkriꞈ yaˇ christians คริสเตียน hkriꞈsamaˆ chehˇve take time off for christmas hkui foot, leg แช่ hkui chiˇ leh aˇ gaˬ i try to lift my feet and cannot. hkui cu nyi te ve stand on tiptoes เขย่งเท้า hkui cu nyi te ve walk on tiptoes hkui cu nyi toˇ k'ai ve walk on tiptoes เดินเขย่ง hkui cu nyiˉ te leh mui ve squat on one's toes นั่งยอง hkui dawˇ sock ถุงเท้า hkui dawˇ socks hkui ha, hkui haiˇ footprints ร่องลอยเท้า hkui han chaw k'ai ve follow footprints, trail someone hkui hawˉ beneath the foot ใต้ฝ่าเท้า hkui hteh mehˆ cuˉ crippled and blind ขาหักตาบอด hkui hteh ve have a broken leg, be lame ขาหัก hkui hteh ve have a broken legˬ be lame hkui hteˆ ve to kick ยกแข้ง hkui hteˆ ve kick with a foot hkui htiˇ one's footing, balance สะคุค hkui htiˇ one's footing hkui htiˇ hteˆ heuˆ leh paiˍve trip and fall hkui htiˇ hteˆ ve stumbleˬ lose one's footing hkui htiˇ hteˆ ve stumbleˬ be tripped up hkui htiˇ ponˬ kuiˬ stumbling-block ที่สะคุคเท้า hkui htiˇ ponˬ tuˬ stumbling blockˬ source of troubleˬ a problem hkui htiˇ ponˬ tuˬ maˇ mawˬ i don't see that there'll be any problems. hkui htiˇ ponˬ ve to stumble สะดุดเท้า hkui htiˇ ponˬ ve stumbleˬ lose one’s footing hkui k'awˍ lehˍ ankle น่องหัวเข่า hkui k'awꞈ paˍ a cripple คนขางอ hkui k'awꞈ, hkui g'awˇ the whole leg หน้าขา หน้าแข้ง hkui k'uˉ daꞈve have one's legs or feet crossed เท้าไขว้กัน hkui k'uˉ te mui ve sit with crossed legs นั่วไขว้ห้าง นั่งไขว้ เท้า hkui kawˬ anklet hkui kiˉ hoof hkui ku caˆ achilles tendon hkui luˬ paˍ a cripple เท้าพิการ hkui ma peuˍ big toe หัวแม่เท้า hkui meuˇ laꞈ meuˇ handicrafts, hands and feet งามฝีมือ hkui naw toe นิ้วเท้า hkui naw cehˉ little toe นิ้วก้อย hkui naw daꞈ fourth toe นิ้วเท้าดี hkui naw daꞈ fourth toe (lucky toe) hkui naw hk'ehˇ dirt attached to, in between toes hkui naw hteˆ heuˆ ve stub one's toe hkui naw juhˇ middle toe hkui naw kaˍ space inbetween toes ง่ามนิว hkui naw kaˍ lawˆ ve have athlete's foot hkui naw zuiˬ second toe นิ้วชี้ hkui naˆ leˆ ve to slip, take a false step เหยีอบลื่น hkui naˆ leˆ ve slipˬ miss one's footing on a slippery place hkui naˆ ve take a step เท้าดำ hkui neˆ te ve hop เขย่าเท้า hkui neˆ te ve to limp hkui ngehˆ hkui ngehˆ te ve to limp along hkui ngehˍ co-e, hkui mehˍ heel hkui pehˉ daꞈ aˍve have one's feetˍlegs crossed hkui pehˍ k'u calf of leg น่อง hkui piˍ a step ก้าวเท้า hkui sheh chiˇve lift up one's leg hkui sheh chuˇve have one's foot fall asleep hkui sheh daˍ kuiˬ a callus on the foot hkui sheh hk'e ve stretch one's legs เหยียดขา hkui sheh htaꞈ yuˬ pehˉve pick up a footˍleg and cross it over the other one hkui sheh juˇve go by foot, on foot เดินเท้า hkui sheh mehˆ ve sprain one's ankle เท้าเคล็ด hkui sheh naˆ kuiˬ pedal (of bicycle) ที่เหยีบเท้า hkui sheh naˆ ve step with the foot hkui sheh ngaˉve to spread one's legs hkui sheh teˇ hk'e hteˆ ve give someone a kick เตะหนึ่งครั้ง hkui sheh teˇ hk'e htinˍve give someoneˍsomething a kick hkui shiˍ k'uˉ toenail เล็บเท้า hkui taw k'aw sole of foot hkui taw k'aw htaꞈ instepˬ upperside of foot hkui taw pa the whole foot ฝ่าเท้า hkui tawˇ stump of a foot or leg hkui tawˍ laꞈ tawˍ all of one's activities (lit., footprintsˍhandprints) hkui tcuh ve to be crippled in the legs ขาพิการ hkui tcuhˉ knee ข้อเท้า hkui tcuhˉ hk'a wehˍ k'ai piˇ mehˍ may their knees become weak! hkui tcuhˉ teh ve kneel, bend the knee คุกเข่า hkui ve delicious, taste good รสดี อร่อย hkui ve flavor hkui ve to shine hkui venˇ laꞈ venˇ sins of hands and feet (action) hkui yaˇ the beginning, time when something begins hkuiˇ kind of tiny bug with itchy bite hkuiˇ night hkuiˇ jaˇ ve mvuhˇ miˬ very fertile country เมืองที่อุดมสมบูรณ์ hkuiˇ ma son's wife, daughter in law สะใภ้ hkuiˇ yawˇ nuˍ yawˇ fertile seeds hkuiˉ daw post, pillar เสา hkuiˉ nawˆ tcuhˉve wear shoes, put on shoes hkuiˉ nawˆ teˇ paˉ one shoe รองเท้าข้างเดียว hkuiˉ noˆ shoes hkuiˉ noˆ teˇ ceh a pair of shoes hkuiˉ nuˆ shoe, sandal รองเท้า hkuiˉ nuˆ caˆ shoelace สายรองเท้า hkuiˉ shiˍ nyiˉ tomato มะเขือเทศ hkuiˉ zuhˍ great sambar deer กวาง hkuiˉ zuhˍ lehˬ hehꞈ ringworm, eczema hkuiˬ ve be ungrateful หยิ่ง hkuiˬ ve ngaˇve be disobedient, disrespectful, stuck-up hkunˉ hawˉ hkanˇ king กษัตริย์ hkunˉ hawˉ hkanˇ te tuˬ awˬ ceuˬ awˬ hk'aˇ royal lineage รัชชทายาทกษัตริย์ hkunˉ hpawˇ the government, government affairs hkunˉ htawˍ old headman, former chief hkunˉ maw senior headman (red lahu) hkunˉ uiˍ a great lord, official ผู้ใหญ่บ้าน hkuˇ teacher ครู hkuˇ yaiˬ head teacher ครูใหญ่ ho lo jo-ehˬ te ve just go through the motions, without putting heart into something hoˆ tiˍve shut up (a room) completely, restrain by covering with hand hoˆ toꞈve totally on fireˬ burn up, burn away hoˆ tsuhˇve to close up hpa chiˇve weave cloth hpa dehˬ ve cloth shrinks hpa haw tuˬ iˉ kaˆ hk'aw g'a tiˆ ve to dye cloth you have to dip it in water. hpa jaˇ the hem, edge of a garment hpa yuˬ leh awˬ bawehˇ tawˍve partition off a room with a curtain hpaiˇ dawˆ ve gamble at cards hpaiˍ hkawꞈ daꞈ piˇve shuffle cards hpaiˍ pa daꞈve shuffle cards สับไพ่ hpanˍ teh (taˍ)ve create for future use hpanˍ toˇve wander, pass through various places hpaw gehˬ e ve run away fast hpawˇ caˉ miˇ caˉ yaˇ stepchildren hpawˇ haˉve spend the night hpawˇ ji ve clear a field with a bush knife hpaˆ daꞈ guiˇ daꞈve part from one another hpaˆ saˆ naˆ xxxxxx fate hpaˇ k'aˍ ngaˉ-ehˬ te ve straddle something hpaˍ shaˍ religion hpe jawˆ ve shake off, remove by shaking (dirt from a mat) hpeh deu ve hang something fromˬ suspend something hpeh ka ve tie up firmlyˬ establish, organize, put together มัดติดไว้ hpeh naˬ ve burn with pain hpeh pfuhˍve tieˍfasten something onto someone and makeˍlet him wearˍcarry it hpeh tsuhꞈve tie up, restrain by tying hpehˆ dawˇve thrash aroundˬ flail one's limbs about hpehˇ ce ve release something so it drops hpehˇ peu ve set free, releaseˬ push something so it flys forward hpehꞈ bawˬ hpehꞈ kaˆ be utterly wretched ลำบากใจ hpehꞈ daꞈve turn out all rightˬ come out wellˬ happen for the best hpehꞈ haˍ ve awˬ ceuˬ problems ปัญหา hpehꞈ kaꞈ hpehꞈ bawˬ caꞈ i'm so bored i could die! hpehꞈ naˬ ve baptize (sprinkling) hpehꞈ ve hk'e leˇ as much as one can ตามความสามารถ hpeuˆ naˬ ve have severe localized pain hpfuhˆ dawˇ nyi ve turn something over in one's mindˬ think about something from all angles hpfuhˆ leh chiˇ aꞈ piˇve betray and deliver to hpoˆ jaˆ ve spy in a group (kids peeking from around a corner) hpoꞈ naˬ ve be swollen and painful hpu cawˬ ve to have money hpu caˆ aꞈ hpeh pfuhˍve fasten a silver chain (around someone’s neck) to wear hpu chaˬ ve audit accounts hpu chiˇ piˇve lend money hpu chiˇve borrow money hpu dawˆ ve beat silver, work silver hpu guˉ pi wallet, purse hpu hk'a biˇ biˇ cawˬ ve to be full of money เงินครบ hpu htawnˍ bank ("money prison") hpu htehˍve add more moneyˬ make up the difference in money hpu jiˇ silver ornament hpu jiˇ jiˇve adorn with silver ornaments hpu keu paˍ a financial contributor ผู้ใส่เงิน hpu keu piˇve pay money, chip in money ใส่เงินให้เชา hpu maˇ cawˬ nehˉ teꞈ chiˉ maˇ heˆ even if we don't have any money, that's no problem. hpu nawˉ piˇve give someone a bribe of money hpu ngaˍve to borrow money hpu nuꞈve take money as a commission hpu pa ve change money แลกเงิน hpu piˇve spend moneyˬ pay for with money ให้เงิน hpu shi ca g'a kuiˬ a way to get money ลู่ทางหาเงิน hpu tan to representative, surrogate, scapegoatˉ hpu tanˇ k'oˍ offering-box, contribution box hpu tanˇ keu ve put in an offering hpu tanˇve a money offering hpu tanˬ daꞈve bet money against someone hpu tawˆ ve change money, break a note, exchange old coins for modern money hpu teˇ ceuˬ leh teˇ ceuˬ kaꞈ maˇ piˇ-oˬ they're not giving out any kind of silver anymore. hpu tiˉ hk'aˆ shiˍ silver button (used abundantly on lahu clothing) hpu tsuh-aˍve weighed silver hpu tuˬ ve, hpu yehˇ tuˬ ve be stingy with money hpuiˇ chi nawˬ aꞈ maˇ cheˆ laˇ htawˇ, cheˆ kaꞈ k'ai ve yoˬ even though the dog didn't bite you, you're still startled. hpuiˇ chi teˇ g'uiˬ k'o... as for these bunch of dogs... หมาพวกนี้ hpuiˇ chi ve mehˍ tawˇ nehꞈ cawˬ ve this dog has a stumpy tail. hpuiˇ ciˬ canine tooth (of a person) hpuiˇ gawˬ-ehˍ hk'a paˆ vaˬ the dogs have shut up all of a sudden! หมาเงียบไปแล้ว hpuiˇ hkawˆ kennel, pen for dogs กรงสุนัข hpuiˇ lawˬ hkawˇ sound of a dog barking เสียงหมาเห่า hpuiˇ pehˇ small brown hornet hpuiˇ ve ciˬ a dog's tooth hpuiˇ ve htaiˍve change and decayˬ change for the worseˬ degenerate hpuˉ-ehˍ te ve whitenˬ make white hta bi-an te ve to register hta hpiˇ split-bamboo slats hta ngaˇ paˍ hired worker, hired laborer hta ngaˇve work for someone else, work for hire hta pehˍve slap to deathˬ kill with a sharp blow hta poˬ ve fly flutteringly hta shoˆ piˇve pat, stroke, pet (an animal) hta tu hammer hta tu dawˆ ve to hammer hta ve strike with the flat of the hand, slap, swat, clap hta ve, htaˇve do work for hireˬ work for someone elseˬ work fixed hours htaiˇ central thai, thailand htaiˉve to plow htaiˍ layerˬ levelˬ story (of a building)ˬ grade (in school)ˬ shelf htaiˍ hk'awꞈ paˍ redeemer ผู้ไถ่คืน htaiˍ hk'awꞈ paˍ redeemerˬ the savior htaiˍ hk'awꞈve to redeem ไถ่คืน htaiˍ hk'awꞈve to ransom, redeem htaiˍ piˇve save (3rd person object) htaiˍ tawˆ ve rescue, save, redeem htaiˍ tawˆ ve save fromˬ win release from htaiˍve rescue, save, ransomˬ redeem, deliver htaiˍve change something (clothes)ˬ change, become different htaiꞈwan taiwan htanˇ daꞈve be in harmony with each otherˬ get along htanˇve care aboutˬ attach importance toˬ respectˬ love htanˍ tuˬ a shieldˬ something used for protection htanˍ tuˬ ve protect, a protection โล่ htanˍve to suspect, be suspicious กำบัง htanˍve protect from, shield from, block off from, dodge htanˍve be suspicious of someoneˬ suspect something htaoˍve be in working orderˬ be operative htaoˍve old, venerable htaw chiˇve set a weapon htaw k'oˍve have a hole htaw kuiˬ k'aˉ kuiˬ a hindranceˬ a snagˬ a preoccupation htaw kuiˬ kanˉ unavoidable work, a pressing job htaw kuiˬ kanˉ essential work htaw law shaˆ kuˬ ve the phone rings เสีองโทรศัพท์ดัง htaw ve prepare a trap or weapon for use htaw ve pierceˬ bore throughˬ make a hole in htaw ve to be urgentˬ to be hindered htaw ve square the end of htaw ve skillful, clever htawnˍ prison, jail htawnˍ hk'aw in jail, prison คุก htawnˍ hk'aw (mui ve) (to sit) in jail, in prison htawnˬ yaˇ prisoner, inmate htawˆ heuˆ ve catch on somethingˬ hook onto somethingˬ become entangled with a curved object htawˆ toˇve walking around with a caneˍstick htawˆ toˇve walk with a cane or stick htawˆ tuˬ an object for hooking ontoˬ a hookˬ a claw htawˆ ve to hookˬ to peck atˬ to bite (as a snake) htawˇ pine tree htawˇ (v) nawˬ (v) (v) to and froˬ (v) back and forth htawˇ de pine grove htawˇ g'euˆ paper htawˇ g'euˆ chi teˇ ceuˬ paˇ jaˇ this kind of paper is very thin. กระดาษอย่างนี้บางมาก htawˇ g'euˆ hpu paper money htawˇ g'euˆ noˆ tiˍ tuˬ a paperclip htawˇ g'euˆ po k'oˍ cardboard box htawˇ g'euˆ teh ve fold paper htawˇ g'euˆ teˇ k'oˆ one sheet of paper หนึ่งแผ่น htawˇ g'euˆ teˇ k'oˆ one piece of paper htawˇ g'euˆ tsuhˆ ve crumple up paper htawˇ g’euˆ po k’oˍ cardboard boxˬ carton htawˇ hpu white pine htawˇ hpu mvuh needle of white pine htawˇ k'oˍ loˇ great slaty woodpecker htawˇ meuˇ shiˍ custard apple htawˇ naˆ k'aˍ black pine htawˇ ngaˆ ma red-ringed parakeet htawˇ nyi ve feel something htawˇ po lawey kind of very small owl htawˇ sha lucky pine tree (used at new year's celebrations) htawˇ sha hpaꞈ pine needle htawˇ shawˍ kind of pheasant with red spots on feathers htawˇve touch htawˇ-ehˬ abundantlyˬ thicklyˬ crowded togetherˬ close-grown (of hair) htawˇbaꞈ butter (bur) htawˍ digging tool htawˍ beˆ ve dibble with a dibbling-stick htawˍ k'awehꞈ mattockˬ trowel-like digging tool with curved handle htawˍve direct one's view to, aim at, focus on htawˬ bean, peaˬ legume htawˬ diˬ, miˬ nawˆ groundnutˬ peanut htawˬ mehˆ written letter (chin) htawˬ-a what htawˬ-a te leh... whyˉ htaˆ ve be sharpˬ keen htaˇ temporal particle, when htaˇ baˉ wooden boards htaˇ kaˆ ve work full time htaˇ kaˆ ve work full time at somethingˬ work in a permanent position htaˇ laˬ ve comeˍarrive by feeling one's way htaˇ po piano, accordion, keyboard instrument htaˇ po ve awˬ ha bvuhˬ puiˉve piano key htaˇ shoˆ ve, htaˇ k'ai ve feel one's wayˬ grope htaˇve strum with the fingersˬ tap gently on htaˇve cock (certain weapons), set in position for firing htaˬ pehˬ shelf for food and dishes htaꞈ upper sideˬ top surface htaꞈ accusativeˍdative particle (identifies object), accusative of time htaꞈ naˬ juˆ naˬ ve have stabbing pains htaꞈ pehˍve kill someone by affixation (crucifixion) htaꞈve to affix, drive into place, fasten by piercing hteh clf for log, hunk of wood hteh cheˆ ve break apartˬ break cleanly off hteh du skirt, sarong hteh du choˆ ve tuck in a sarong hteh du choˆ ve tuck in a sarong hteh du hkui meuˇ hem of a skirt ปลายผ้าถุง hteh du hkui meuˇ hem of a skirt hteh du oˍ cloth hammock for a babyˬ cradle made from a sarong hteh du teˇ cheˆ one sarong hteh du teˇ hk'awˆ one sarong hteh du veuꞈve put on a skirtˬ wear a skirt hteh tawˇ clf for a length of something (log, cylindrical object) hteh ve breakˬ get broken htehwˉ clf for rows, lines (shan) htehˆ kaˇ tractor htehˆ pehˍve be killed by lightning htehˆ ve for lightning to flash, to strike (of lightning) htehˇve make a loop htehˉfawehˆ typhoid htehˍve add toˬ put in moreˬ fill a lack htehꞈ burmese rupeeˬ kyat hteu term, semester (in school) hteunˍ forestˬ wild plant or animal hteunˍ tsuh wild jungle, forest hteuˉ ti an emergencyˬ dire straights hteuˉ ti htaˇ yehˇ tuˬ ve hpu htaꞈ yawˇ hk'aˬ htaˆ kaꞈ pfuhˇ faˬ ve he always carries around money to use in an emergency. hteuˉ ti ve pa taw since it's an emergency จำเป็น hteuˉ ti yoˬ. this is an emergency. hteˆ tape (of a tape-recorder) hteˆ baˬ ve kick off (as a blanket) hteˆ caꞈ, awˬ hkawˇ keu tuˬ ve tape-recorder hteˆ daꞈve kick each otherˬ kick-box each other hteˆ heuˆ ve kick up against somethingˬ trip over something hteˆ keu ve kick into เตะใส่ hteˆ pehˍve kick to death hteˆ tuˬ ve bawˆ shiˍ a footballˬ a ball for kicking hteˆ ve to kick (with foot)ˬ flick (with finger) hteˆ ve pluckˬ strum hteˇ hpawˇ cawˇ hpawˇ the right side (of a quarrel, controversy) hteˇ hpawˇ cawˇ hpawˇ chehˇve be on the right sideˬ be in the right hteˇ kaꞈ (k'ai)ve straight(en out from a bent condition) hteˇ la tcuh ve straighten somethingˬ make something straight hteˇ la ve become straight hteˇve be straight, upright, true hteˇ-ehˍ te ve be straightˬ straighten, set upright hteˇ-ehˬ straightly, directly, truly or literally (of meanings) hteˇ-ehˬ cawˍve be standing straight upˬ be vertical hteˇ-ehˬ k'oˆ ve speak frankly, speak literally hteˇ-ehˬ te ve make straight ซื่อตรง hteꞈ baˬ ve shave awayˬ shave off and discard hteꞈ nyi paˍ fortune-tellerˬ seer hteꞈ nyi ve looks into the futureˬ tell fortunes hteꞈve scrape, scrape off hteꞈ ve, tawˇ hteˆ ve tell fortunesˬ predict the future (animist) hti ba ve shine uponˬ radiate, reflect light hti caˇve to eat and drink togetherˬ feast together hti gaˬ ve for light to reach someplace hti heuˆ ve strike as with a beam of light hti loꞈ la ve come shining in hti ve radiate uponˬ shine upon hti ve to feastˬ have a celebrationˬ have a party htinˍ storage rack at side of houseˬ shelfˬ altar htinˍve bump intoˬ knock againstˬ strike htinˬ ve strike againstˬ bump into htiˆ clf for something wrapped htiˆ shaˉ caˇve wrap something (in a leaf) and steam it to eat htiˆ ve be wrappedˬ wrap and tie up, make a bundle of htiˇve to be dawn, daybreak htiˍ nyiˇ caˬ two shelves htiˬ number (thai) htiˬ nuiˬ number oneˬ the best (thai) hto la htaˆ television (thai) hto law saˆ dawˆ piˇve make a phone call hto law saˆ k'awꞈ teh ve hang up the phone hto law saˆ kuˬ laˇve the phone rings hto law saˆ nanˍ baꞈ telephone number hto law saˆ yaw hk'awꞈve answer the phone hto law saˆ yaw tuˬ ve telephone receiver hto law saˆ yaw ve speak on the telephone hto laˇ ve, hto piˇve tell hto maˍve to explain hto maˍ ve awˬ lawn report, (prophecy) hto pawnˍve admitˬ confess hto pawnˍve admitˬ confess hto piˇ maˍ piˇve inform someone hto ve tell, report htooˇ shows impatience, disagreement htooˇ g'aˇ hteꞈ ve yoˬ. all right, all right, i'm doing the best i can! htooˇ hpehˇ daꞈ-oˬ hey, lay off each other! htoˆ clf for layers htoˆ deh ve put on another top garmentˬ put a shirt on top of another htoˇ (or htawˇ) evenˬ also htoꞈ daꞈve meet someoneˬ pass someone (on the road, etc.) htoꞈ ma htawˇ everythingˬ anything htoꞈve meet, encounter htu teh ve chop down and leave something htu ve chop down, clear one's land htu ve be thickˬ be blunt htuiˉve worship, believe htunˇ flag (thai) htunˇ hpehˇve hang up a banner htunˉ lime (chewed with betel, used as white wash) htunˉ saˍmehˇ cementˬ concreteˬ plaster htunˉ shehˍve smear with lime htuˇ cehˬ flagpole htuˇ cehˬ ti ve plant a flagpole htuˇ haˆ ve be awkward, clumsy htuˇ paˍ ritual flag (white or yellow on a bamboo pole) htuˇve be in a state of sexual desire htuˇ-ehˬ pricked upˬ erect htuˉ clf for bags, sacks htuˉ pui a bagˬ a sack htuˉ pui hpa sack-cloth, sackcloth htuˬ beanˬ peaˬ legume htwiˍve scrape or rub with an instrument i awˍ ve htawˇ (10 g'aˇ laˬ tuˬ yoˬ hehˉ) at the very least อย่างน้อย i htaˇ k'o, awˬ naw veuꞈ ve= ui la k'o awˬ nyi veuꞈ ve, aˬ ma le. aˉ hpehꞈ shiˍ when it's little it wears greenˬ when it's big it wears red. what is itˉ a chili pepper. เมื่อเล็กใส่สีเชียวเมื่อใหญ่ใส่สีแดง คืออะไร พริก. i k'ai ve get smaller and smaller น้อยไป i kaꞈ i jaˇ ve yoˬ it was very small indeed. เล็กก็เล็กมาก i la ve shrink, decrease น้อยลง iˉ chuˇ chi yuˬ tawˆ-a (tehˬ) te ve yoˬ i'm trying to take out this thorn. iˉ chuˇ htaꞈve be pierced by a thorn iˉ chuˇ tcuhˉve a thorn sticks to something iˉ kaˆ awˬ kaˍ lo cawˬ ve miˬ guiˬ an island เกาะกลางแม่น้ำ iˉ kaˆ awˬ kaˍ lo cawˬ ve miˬ guiˬ an island เกาะกลางน้ำ iˉ kaˆ buiˬ ve dive into the water ดำน้ำ iˉ kaˆ caˆ water pipe, hose ลำธาร iˉ kaˆ caˬ hkehˍ crocodile iˉ kaˆ cehˍve water is constricted from flowing iˉ kaˆ chawꞈve pump water, absorb water (as a sponge) iˉ kaˆ che ve filter water iˉ kaˆ chi hkui tcuhˉ tsuhˇ-ehˬ cawˬ ve this water goes up to one's knees. iˉ kaˆ chi maˇ tiˬ law this water isn't muddyˍfouled at all. iˉ kaˆ chuiˇve wash with water ล้างด้วยน้ำ iˉ kaˆ dawˇ an undercurrent in the water iˉ kaˆ dawˬ ve to drink water iˉ kaˆ dehˍ waterpipe กระบอกน้ำ iˉ kaˆ dehˍ water pipeˬ water conduit iˉ kaˆ gawˬ ve cold water iˉ kaˆ g’uiˬ po lo pool (as in a stream) iˉ kaˆ hk'aw paˍ tuˍve fall into the water, sink iˉ kaˆ hk'oˇ ceu aˍve float on the water iˉ kaˆ hkanˍ tuˍ keunˍve worthy of baptism (qualified) มึความเหมาะสมรับบัพติสมา iˉ kaˆ hkanˍ tuˍve receive baptism รับบัพสมา iˉ kaˆ hkanˍ tuˍ ve, iˉ kaˆ tuˍ yuˬ ve receive baptism iˉ kaˆ hkaˆ pfuhˍ daꞈve scoop up water and splash each other วิดน้ำใส่กสัน iˉ kaˆ hpuˇ water bill ฟองน้ำ iˉ kaˆ htanˍve waterproof น้ำไม่รั่ว iˉ kaˆ jaˆ pawnˍ tawˆ-e ve water goes leaking right through. iˉ kaˆ kuˇve very cold water น้ำเย็น iˉ kaˆ lawehˇ puiˉ paˍ someone who knows how to swim ผู้ว่ายน้ำเป็น iˉ kaˆ lawˬ naˉve river is deep iˉ kaˆ lehˬ warm water น้ำอุ่น iˉ kaˆ maˇ tawˆ tuˬ htanˍve block something off so water won't get out iˉ kaˆ nehˆ ve wet with water เปียกน้ำ iˉ kaˆ ngawˉ la ve to be sprinkled with water iˉ kaˆ nu ve be damp น้ำเน่าเสีย iˉ kaˆ paˍ tiˆ ve fall into water and get soaked iˉ kaˆ pfuhˇ k’oˍ pailˬ bucket iˉ kaˆ pfuhˍ pehˍve put out a fire with water iˉ kaˆ pfuhˍve squirt water onˬ to water (a plant) iˉ kaˆ shehˆ kaw three bottles of water น้ำสามขวด iˉ kaˆ ta meuꞈ water-gate iˉ kaˆ tawˆ ve water comes out iˉ kaˆ tawˍ aˍve diverted water iˉ kaˆ tawˍve make a weirˬ rechannel a stream by damming iˉ kaˆ tawˬ river bottom, riverbed iˉ kaˆ taˆ la ve the tide comes in iˉ kaˆ teˇ jaˆ one drop of water iˉ kaˆ teˇ shinˉ le le g’a peˍ tcuhˉ taˍ ve yoˬ. you have to keep changing the water every week. iˉ kaˆ tiˬ muddy water, foul water iˉ kaˆ toˆ dawˬ ve scoop up water and drink it iˉ kaˆ tsuhˇve wash with water iˉ kaˆ tuˍ piˇve baptize someone iˉ kaꞈ gawˬ ehˬ caˬ maˇ daꞈ if the water's too cold, the paddy won't be good. iˉ kaꞈ kehˬ ve fresh water, pure water น้ำสะอาด iˉ kaꞈ yuˬ k'oˍ paˍ someone who delivers water ผู้ส่งน้ำ iˉ mvuhˇ aˉ hkeh tether for a horse เชือกม้า iˉ mvuhˇ aꞈ laˇ maˇ htanˇ tigers have no respect for horses. iˉ mvuhˇ caˇ horseshoe iˉ mvuhˇ ciˇve ride a horse ขี่ม้า iˉ mvuhˇ ciˇve ride a horse iˉ mvuhˇ gaꞈ zebra iˉ mvuhˇ hk'oˆ ce ve fall off a horse iˉ mvuhˇ hkiꞈve rid a horse, horseback ขี่ม้า iˉ mvuhˇ po enˍ daꞈve have a horserace iˉ shiˍ chi kuiˇ oˬ this fruit is rotten. ผลไม้นี้เน่าแล้ว iˉ shiˍ chi teˇ ceuˬ hkawˇ-ehˬ nawꞈve this fruit grows in thick clusters ต้นไม้ต้นนี้มีผลดก iˉ shiˍ hk'ehꞈve to peel fruit ปลอกผลไม้ jaw jaw spirit (type of evil spirit) jaw ve avoid, dodge, make a detour jawˆ ve shake something (up and downˍside to side) jawˇ mawˇ a superior, lord, master jawˇ mawˇ ma lady, female dignitary, madam jawˇ mawˇ yaˇ a gentlemen, aristocrat, upper class jawˇ mawˇ yeˍsuˆ hkriꞈ ngaˬ hui htaꞈ chi taw chi naˉ haꞈ ve k'o since the lord jesus loves us so deeply... jawˬ caˆ nerve jawˬ caˆ a nerve jawˬ la ve come to feel, realize, become aware jawˬ tcuh ve train someone, make someone practice jawˬ ve to feel (physical sensation, emotions, awareness) jawˬ ve study, practice, undergo training jawˬ ve (liꞈ bvuhꞈ jawˬ ve) to practice (writing) ฝึก jawꞈ hk'awꞈ peu ve send back by beating, beat and cause to go back jawꞈ hkaw whip (for animals) ไม้แส้ jawꞈ hkaw ehˉ small whip (for disciplining) ไม้แส้เล็ก jawꞈ maˍve reprove, scoldˬ reprimand (by gentle beating) jawꞈ tuˬ aˉ taˬ a stick for beating jawꞈve hit, beat (wˍinstrument) jaˆ clf for a drop jaˆ clf for cubit jaˆ bawˆ ve shoot from an ambush jaˆ nyi ve steal a look at, glance at jaˆ teˍve wear away by dripping (erode) jaˆ ve sneak, spy on jaˆ ve leak, drip, trickle jaˇ big, excessive, too much jaˇ edge, rim, border jaˇ aˬ neˍ that's too much! jaˇ aˬ neˍ, nawˬ k'oˆ ve awˍ what you say is exaggerated. jaˬ sparrow jaˬnaˬvaˍriˍ january jaˬpanˍ (mvuhˇ miˬ) japan jaꞈ meuˇ nawˆ lentil jehˇ tcuh ve cause something to stop jehˇve stop, come to a stop, wait, pause jehˇve be patient, long-suffering, endure, hold out jehˇ ve awˬ heˆ a rest-sign, a comma jehˬ cheˆ ve come to a decision after discussion jehˬ daꞈve discuss wˍeach other, confer jehˬ peuˬ-eˬ ve terminate discussion jehˬ piˇ ve, jehˬ laˇve advise someone jehˬ ve discuss, confer, consult jeˬ a debt jeˬ goods, property jeˬ cha ve to owe a debt jeˬ cha ve owe a debt jeˬ hk'awꞈve repay a debt jeˬ k'awꞈ shehˍve pay back a debt jeˬ pfuhˇve owe a debtˬ carry a debt jeˬ pfuhˇve bear a debtˬ owe a debt jeˬ piˇ paˍ creditor jeˬ piˇve make a loan to jeˬ shaw ve collect a debt jeˬ tcuhˉve have debts, be in debt jeˬ tcuhˉve be in debt, have debts jeˬ ve buy on credit, buy but still owe jeˬ yuˬ paˍ debtor jeꞈ earth, dirt, soil jeꞈ beh ve cover over with dirt, earth jeꞈ buˇ paˍ kaˇ bulldozer, tractor jeꞈ chiˆ aˍve baked earth, fired clay jeꞈ diˬ clump of earthˬ cold jeꞈ hk'aw underground, in the earth jeꞈ hpu chalk jeꞈ kawehˍ tuˬ ve a shovel ที่ตักดิน jeꞈ lehꞈve "eat earth" eat a fine red clay during pregnancy jeꞈ meu-e dust jeꞈ meuay du ve dust fills the air jeꞈ nawˉ nehˆ mud jeꞈ nehˆ mudˬ wet earth jeꞈ nehˆ leˆ kawˇve slip in the mud ลื่นล้ม jeꞈ nehˆ pehˆ= mehꞈ g'uˬ pehˆ mud-holeˬ swamp jeꞈ ngaˆ a bird that lives in the ground jeꞈ paˆ ve have a landslideˬ have an earthquake ดินพัง ji outer edge, circumference, perimeter, environs ji baw wild ginger ji baw hawˉ ma sweet basil ji jaw ji jaw k'ai ve stagger, go staggering ji jaw ve staggering, stumblingly ji ve prepare, make ready jiˆ daꞈve take turns moving (as in checkers) jiˆ hk'awꞈve withdrawl, retreat jiˆ k'awꞈ la ve come back again, retreat jiˆ k'awꞈve move back, retreat ถอยกลับ jiˆ la ve move toward jiˆ liˆ jiˆ liˆ te mui ve squirm around in one's seat jiˆ liˉ-e ve ricochet off something, bounce off something jiˆ mui ve move one's seat, shift one's seat jiˆ ve move something, move something over jiˆ-e ve move away from jiˇve dress, dress up, put on an ornament jo jo te ve be listless, lethargic, sluggish jo suh-ehˬ te ve be listless, half asleep jo ve appear jo ve be groggy, drowsy jonˍ wheat joˍlaiˍ julyˉ joˍneˍ juneˉ ju lu (k'oˍ) a bell ju lu dawˆ ve ring a bell by striking it jui chehˇve stay still ย้ายที่ juiˇ juˆ ve throw things around out of anger, rage juˆ kuˬ ve summon by pointin juˆ kuˬ ve point at someone in approval, summon someone to do something by pointing juˆ loꞈ-e ve pierce into juˆ maˍve point something out, point out the way juˆ naˬ ve have stabbing pains juˆ nehˆ ve cause sap to flow from tree juˆ nehˆ ve shatter by stabbingˍpoking juˆ pawnˍve pierce through juˆ pehˍve to kill by stabbing juˆ pehꞈve gouge out, cause to pop out by applying pressure juˆ tuˬ something for piercing, for poking juˆ ve pierce, stab, inject juˆ ve to point juˆ ve beˬ ve to incite, instigate, stir up juˇ wedge, stake juˇ fuiˍ taˬ walking-stick, cane juˇ k'ai ve walk along เดินไป juˇve walk, go by foot juˬ ma shiˍ cowrie shell juˬ piˉ shiˍ white berry, job's tears juˬ shiˍ bead, bead necklace k'a ce ve to fall down (as dew, snow, hail) k'a guiˇve to play with, play around เอามาเล่น k'a guˆ ve butt vigorously k'a hawˍ daꞈve sing in harmony ร้องประสานเสียง k'a maˍ laˇve sing for someone ร้องให้ฟัง k'a muiˬ chehˇ sheˍ go on singing! k'a muiˬ chiˇ mvuh ve praise by singing k'a muiˬ hkawˇ a song, poem ร้องเพลง k'a muiˬ nyi ve try singing k'a muiˬ tuˬ chiˇ mvuh tuˬ hpehꞈ ve yoˬ singing will become praise k'a muiˬ ve to sing, recite a poem การร้องเพลง k'a teuˇve falls heavily ท่วม k'a ve sing ร้องเพลง k'a ve fall (natural phenomena) or by accident เล่น k'ai a shaˍ (mehˍ) goodbye! i'm going! ไปก่อนนะ k'ai a shaˍ. i'm going now. ลาก่อน k'ai cawˇ ve teˇ g'aˇ a passerby k'ai gaˬ ve arrive at one's destination k'ai gehˬ-e ve be off in a hurry k'ai geꞈ-e ve suddenly go off somewhere k'ai jaˇ many go k'ai k'ai laˬ laˬ te ve go back and forth ไปๆมาๆ k'ai kuiˉ k'ai laꞈ go back and forth กลับไปกลับมา k'ai maˇ tanˇ sheˍ i'm not ready to go yet. k'ai peu ve send off, dispatch ส่งไป k'ai ve teˇ k'awꞈ one trip, clf ('tiew') ไปรอบแรก k'ai vuiˇve go a long way, go far ไปไกล k'aw cheˆ ve die, expire สิ้นลม, ตาย k'aw cheˆ ve die, expire k'aw hpeh cinnamon k'aw jaw throne ที่นั่น k'aw ji the middle ตรงกลาง k'aw maˇ cheˆ sheˍ he's still hanging onto life. ยังไม่สิ้นลม k'aw mehˇve pity, empathize (used near death) สงสารที่สุด k'aw mehˇve empathize, pity someone สะเทือนใจ k'awˇ nine เก้า k'awˇ baˬ ve dig up, clear away plants from land ถางทิ้ง k'awˇ chi ninety เก้าสิบ k'awˇ e ve loose, go slack หลวม k'awˇ gaˆ ve to hoe the earth k'awˇ ha nine hundred เก้าร้อย k'awˇ k'oˍ coffin โรงศพ k'awˇ lawˬ k'awˇ tiꞈ cawˬ gaˇ we desire eternal life. k'awˇ maˬ nine things เก้าอย่าง k'awˇve to cultivate, prepare for agriculture ถาง k'awˇ-ehˬ loosely k'awˍ (peˍ) neck, neck-like part คอ k'awˍ awˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ paˉ back of the neck ด้านหลังคอ k'awˍ dehˍ-ehˍ te ve hunchˍshrug the shoulders k'awˍ deu-ehˬ with head hanging limply k'awˍ maˍ piˇve explain, describe something to someone k'awˍ nyiˉ pehˍve strangle, hang someone to death บีบคอตาย k'awˍ peˍ caˆ necktie สร้อยคอ k'awˍ peˍ g'awˇ necklace กระดูกคอ k'awˍ peˍ yaˇ hkuiˆ tcuh ve give a child a ride on one's neck k'awˍ piˇ hto piˇve explainˍinform officially k'awˍ tawˆ ve translate k'awˍ tawˆ ve explain, interpret, translate k'awˍve tell, relate, discuss k'awꞈ cawˇ daꞈ hui daꞈve be reconciled, make peace กลับคืนดีกัน k'awꞈ caˉ daꞈ piˇve mend something, put something back together again k'awꞈ chiˇ teh ve lift up and put back k'awꞈ deh ve put back onˬ wear again k'awꞈ gu bvuhꞈve rewrite, revise แก้ไข k'awꞈ gu hteˇ piˇve to rectify (a situation) k'awꞈ gu nyi ve to check over, verify k'awꞈ gu te ve to repair, mend something แก้ไขอีก k'awꞈ gu te ve rebuild, revise แก้ไขอีก k'awꞈ gu teh ve to restore in proper position จัดเตรีอมอีก k'awꞈ hawˍve to rinse something ร้องให้อีกแล้ว k'awꞈ haꞈve love in return รักอีกครั้ง k'awꞈ hpeuˬ k'awꞈ vaiˇve be even faster and more skillful k'awꞈ hpfuhˆ ve to rebel, revolt, turn against กบฏอีก k'awꞈ htehˍ piˇve add more to something เพิ่มเติม, แถม k'awꞈ htehˍ piˇve add more to something k'awꞈ k'ai gaˇve want to go again อยากไปอีก k'awꞈ k'ehˆ ve untie, unfasten, undo หลุดอีกแล้ว k'awꞈ k'oˆ ve repeat, say again พูดอีก k'awꞈ keuˆ ve reborn (buddhist) เกิดอีก k'awꞈ kuiˉ-ehˬ te zuhꞈ chehˇve he's sleeping all twisted up. นอนตัวงอ k'awꞈ la ve return, come back กลับมา k'awꞈ na la ve get better (health), be healed, recover มาถามอีก k'awꞈ peu ve send back ส่งไปอีก k'awꞈ te hkawꞈve avenge, retaliate แก้แค้น k'awꞈ te ve redo, do again ทำอีก k'awꞈ teh ve put back k'awꞈ teꞈ tu la ve resurrected, come back to life, recover from serious illness กลับเป็นขึ้นมา k'awꞈ teꞈ tu ve be resurrected k'awꞈ ti ve plant again, replant k'awꞈ tu ve get up again k'awꞈ yaw hk'awꞈve answer someone, reply ตอบ k'awꞈ-ehˍ te ve be crooked k'awꞈ-ehˬ crooked, bent งอ k'awꞈ-ehˬ te ve bend something, make crooked ก้ม k'aˆ naˉve go foraging far and wide k'aˆ toˇve go around foragingˍlooking for food (animal) k'aˇ caꞈ, cawˇ caꞈ told you so สมน้ำหน้า k'aˇ ehˍ lawˬ ehˍ k'ai ve be relieved, load off of chest, relief ปลดเปลื้อง, บรรเทาความเจ็บปวด k'aˉ chuˇ cehˬ (p. 233) adam's apple, larynx ต้นไม้มีหนาม k'aˉ k'eu leu diˆ ve larynx vibrates k'aˉ le htawˆ pfuhˍve fasten a yoke to carry k'aˉ lu k'a ve play with a toy เล่นของเล่น k'aˍ hk'eˆ paˍ an expert dancer ผู้เต้นรำ k'aˍ hk'eˆ ve to dance traditional circle dance เต้นรำ k'aˍ htinˍve lahu dance k'aˍve dig โง่ k'ehˆ tawˆ ve dismantle something, remove a part ถอดออก k'ehˆ tawˆ-e ve come loose, apart หลุด k'ehˆ ve take off clothing, strip ถอด k'ehˇ jaˇ rotten luck k'ehˇve be unlucky k'ehˉ nyi ve stare atˬ squint atˬ open up and look at k'ehˉ suhˍ te piˇve smile at someone ยิ้มหวาน k'ehˉ tsuhꞈve pinch k'ehˉve to pick ขุดคุ้ย k'ehˉ-ehˬ te ve smile ยิ้ม k'ehˬ guiˬ skin of the belly k'ehˬ ve be wide กว้าง k'euˬ-ehˬ bent, slanted เอียง k'oˆ cheˆ ve talk things through, say everything needed to say k'oˆ daꞈ k'awˍ daꞈve discuss something serious k'oˆ daꞈve speak to one another, converse พูดกัน k'oˆ gaˇve to mean ความหมาย k'oˆ guiˇ g'uiˬ guiˇ to mock someone, ridicule เยาะเย้ย k'oˆ guiˇ paˍ a joker, a wise guy ผู้พูดเล่น k'oˆ guiˇve comic พูดเล่น k'oˆ guiˇve to joke, tease พูดเล่น k'oˆ guiˇve joke, say for fun k'oˆ kuiˬ something to say, room for comment, criticism ที่พูด k'oˆ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ irreprehensible, no complaint possible, nthg left to be said ไม่มีที่ติ k'oˆ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ there's nothing left to be said. ไม่มีที่ติ k'oˆ laˇ ve, k'oˆ piˇve tell บอกให้ k'oˆ maˍ piˇ ve, k'oˆ maˍ laˇve to explain สอนให้ k'oˆ ponˬ k'oˆ leuˉ speak out of turn, exaggerate พูดเกินจริง k'oˆ tuiꞈ yaw tuiꞈve have said everything to be said (but can't convince someone) k'oˆ ve say, tell พูด, บอก k'oˆ yaꞈ hk'aˇ however, nevertheless ถึงแม้ k'oˆ yaꞈve to say the wrong thing, mispronounce พูดผิด k'oˍ container, hollow object k'oˍ (a pehˉ meuˇ teˇ k'oˍ) clf for clusters (of grapes) พวง k'oˍ kawehꞈ shrimp กุ้ง k'oꞈ-e tiˉ yoˬ leˇ let's just go home, shall weˉ k'u nyi (te zuhꞈ ve) (sleep) naked เปลือย k'uˉ deu aˍve dangling, hanging ห้อย, โหน k'uˉ kuiˬ place to hang something, hook, peg ที่เกาะ k'uˉ ve hawehˇve hang something up k'uˉ, k'oˆ clf for books, pages แผ่น, เล่ม ka baꞈ, ka venˇ sin (animist) ka cha marijuana กัญชา ka hoˉ divine principles regulating universe, ordained customs ค่าชดใช้ ka hoˉ ka liˇ laws of universe ka piˇve give someone in marriage, arrange a marriage for someone คลุมถุงชน ka tiꞈ daꞈve one's word is good มีสัจจะ ka tiꞈ ka ve keep one's promise ถือคำสัญญา ka tiꞈ luˬ e ve yoˬ. the promise is broken. ไม่ทำตามสัญญา ka tiꞈ piˇ ve, ka tiꞈ peꞈ laˇve give one's word ให้คำสัญญา ka tiꞈ shaˉ caˆ faith and loyalty, a pledge, promise, covenant สัญญาถาวร ka tiꞈ taˍve lay down one's word, establish a covenant ka tiꞈ te ve make a promise ทำสัญญา ka tiꞈ yeˬ ve to be true to one's promise, be faithful ยึดมั่นคำสัญญา kan ve hold on to something, be armed with ถือ kanˇ hpuiˇ kanˇ law a story, traditional lore, a tale เรื่องเล่า, นิยาย kanˇ paˆ power, words of power พลัง, อำนาจ kanˇ paˆ lawˬ ve pray for power ขออำนาจ kanˇ paˆ piˇ shehˍ hpaˇ wielder of power ผู้ให้อำนาจ kanˇ paˆ piˇve exert power ให้อำนาจ kanˇ paˆ taˍve apply one's abstract power kanˇ shawˉ paˍ ritual specialists, witch doctor ผู้ฝึกงาน kanˉ work, task, job งาน kanˉ awˍ hk'e caˬ caˬ maˇ cawˬ mawˬ as for work, i don't see that there's so much. kanˉ cawˬ ve have work to do มีงาน kanˉ caˍ ge tcuh ve hire someone to do work kanˉ chi naˍ jaˇ this work is very tough. kanˉ ga piˇve to help someone work ช่วยงาน kanˉ ga piˇ ve, kanˉ ga laˇve help someone workˬ contribute one's work to help ช่วยงาน kanˉ hanˇve work interrupted, unemployed, take time off ขาดงาน kanˉ hta ve work for someone, work for hire kanˉ htaw ve have necessary work, be hindered by work ติดงาน kanˉ htaw ve have necessary work to do kanˉ jehˇve stop working, rest from work, quit one's job หยุดงาน kanˉ jehˇve quit one's job, stop working kanˉ kaꞈ kanˉ kiˬ jaˇ leh... since i'm so busy working... งานก็ยุ่ง... kanˉ kiˬ ve be busy working เร่งงาน kanˉ maˇ hkeuꞈ be an easy task งานไม่ลำบาก kanˉ maˇ hta not work for hire, not work for anyone else kanˉ maˇve have a lot of work มีงานมาก kanˉ mo hkeh hpeh ve tie the wrist-thread ด้วยผูกข้อมือ kanˉ muiˬ ve do work, have regular work ทำงาน(ทำมาหากิน) kanˉ pa daꞈve change jobs with each otherˬ work in shifts เปลี่ยนงานกัน kanˉ pa ve change one's job เปลี่ยนงาน kanˉ pehˬ ve divide up work แบ่งงาน kanˉ tawˆ la ve new work available, work opens up งานเข้า kanˉ tawˆ te ve go out to work ออกไปทำงาน kanˉ tawˆ te ve set off for workˬ go out to work kanˉ tawˆ-e ve quit one's job ออกจากงาน kanˉ taˇve be free from work, at leisure ว่างงาน kanˉ te cheuˬ jaˇ do work very well kanˉ te hk'aˇve be a diligent worker ทำงานเก่ง kanˉ te htaw ve be clever at workingˬ be handy kanˉ te k'o, k'aˉ li thaw li taˇ te when you work don't leave things in a mess. เมื่อทำงานอย่าให้กระจัดกระจาย kanˉ te nyi a work-dayˬ a working day วันทำงาน kanˉ te toˇve go around working kanˉ te tuˬ (cawˬ ve) (to have) work to do kanˉ te tuˬ chaw pehˬ daꞈve divide up the workˬ assign different jobs to different people kanˍ maˇ tcuhˆ could not manage to do it kaw bottle ขวด kaw moˇ a pagoda, stupa, phallic wooden pillar เจดีย์ kaw nehꞈ a lovesong เพลงรัก kaw nehꞈ te ve sing a lovesong ร้องเพลงรักตอบโต้กัน kaw nehꞈ teˇ cawˆ a lovesong kaw shehˆ maˬ three bottles ขวดสามขวด kawehˍ scoop up, dig ตัก kawiˍ bed kawnˬ poison kawnˬ hpeuˆ la ve poison takes effect kawˆ a cup, vessel แก้ว, ขัน kawˆ clf for clusters of bananas หวี(ลักษณะนาม) kawˆ awˬ hk'oˇ meuˇ rim of a glass ปาก, ริม, ขอบขัน kawˆ jehˇve continual state of fear ยังกลัวอยู่ kawˆ kuiˬ reason for fear, cause for alarm ที่อันตราย kawˆ lawꞈ lawꞈ ho piˇve terrify someone (with threats) ขู่ให้กลัว kawˆ piˇve frighten someone ทำให้กลัว kawˆ tuˬ cause for fear สิ่งที่ทำให้กลัว kawˆ tuˬ te piˇve threaten someone ทำให้กลัว kawˆ ve be afraid, frightened กลัว kawˆ veˆ ve tremble with fear กลัวจนตัวสั่น kawˆ-aˬ mehˍ i'm afraid! น่ากลัว kawˇ shoꞈ shaꞈve meddle in other people's business, bother others เที่ยวยุ่งย่าม kawˉ faiˇ lantern ตะเกียง kawˉ htoꞈ teapot, kettle กาน้ำ kawˉ kawˉ te deˇve shout abuse at someone ดุเสียงดัง kawˉ lawˉ northern thai คนเหนือ kawˉ lawˉ geh vuiˬ taˍ ve yoˬ. i bought it from the northern thai. ซื้อกับคนเหนือ kawˉ lawˉ ma northern thai women หญิวชาวเหนือ kawˉ laˬ collar กาใส่น้ำชา kawˍ glue กาว kawˍ miˍ tiˍ committee คณะกรรมการ kawˍ miˍ tiˍ yaˇ committee member สมาชิกคณะกรรมการ kawˍve pile something up (bricks, stones) ก่ออิฐ kawˍmiˍtiˍ awˬ suhˉ teˇ chuˆ g'a leuˆ ve we have to pick a new set of committee members. kawˬ laˬ earthen teapot, jug กาน้ำชา kawˬ nehˉ yellow lahu ลาฮูเหลือง kawˬ nehˉ ma a yellow lahu woman หญิงลาฮูเหลือง kawˬ nehˉ paˍ a yellow lahu man ชายลาฮูเหลือง kaˆ clf for handfuls กำมือ kaˆ clf for packages, packs of things, etc. kaˆ cheˇve tremble, shake from cold หนาวสั่น kaˆ cheˇve tremble with cold kaˆ hkawˇ fancy language kaˆ hkaˆ ngaˆ the abcs of lahu ตัวอักษรลาฮู ก๊ะ, ค๊ะ, ง๊ะ kaˆ hkaˆ ngaˆ maˍve teach the alphabet สอนพยัญชนะ ก๊ะ, ค๊ะ, ง๊ะ kaˆ kaˆ water (baby talk) น้ำ(ภาษาเด็ก) kaˆ kuˇve stiff with cold เย็นเฉียบเป็นน้ำแข็ง kaˆ naˬ cheˇ naˬ have chills and fever, malaria kaˆ naˬ k'aˍ malaria, chills and fever kaˆ naˬ ve have the chills, shake ไข้จับสั่น kaˆ naˬ ve have the chillsˬ hurt from being cold kaˆ shiˍ goosebumps ขนลุก kaˆ ve be cold หนาว kaˆ yanˇ cold season, winter หน้าหนาว kaˆ-ehˬ scanty, few in number kaˇ automobile, car รถยนต์ kaˇ clf for vehicles, planes ได้ยิน kaˇ cehnˍve hear clearly kaˇ e ve overhear ได้ยิน kaˇ hkiˇ a song (red lahu) kaˇ htoˇ story (red lahu) kaˇ laˇ foreigner คนต่างประเทศ kaˇ laˇ aˉ lawˇ nyi strawberry สตอเบอร์รี่ kaˇ laˇ hpu white foreigner คนต่างประเทศผิวขาว kaˇ laˇ hpu hkawˇ foreign language ภาษาต่างประเทศ kaˇ laˇ hpu mvuhˇ miˬ white man's country คนต่างประเทศ kaˇ laˇ nawˍ any western wind instrument เครื่องดนตรีชนิดเป่า kaˇ laˇ naˆ kaˇ laˇ nyi an indian คนอินเดีย kaˇ piˇve let him hear, tell him ให้ได้ยิน, บอกให้ kaˇ pu e ve car overturns รถคว่ำ kaˇ pu-e ve for a car to be overturned รถคว่ำ kaˇ puiˉve have good hearing, able to hear kaˇve to hear ได้ยิน kaˇla hpu hkawˇ white man's language ภาษาอังกฤษ kaˇlaˇ hpu tzuhˬ western liquor kaˇlaˇ naˬ hpanˍ anglo-indian kaˉ rope, cord เชือก kaˉ hoˆ bamboo container for sticky rice กระติบข้าว kaˉ ku foolish grin kaˉ le a lock kaˉ le hoˆ ve to lock, close with a lock kaˉ-ehˬ grin, show teeth โล่งอก kaˍ the place between, in between ระหว่าง kaˍ kawehˍ yeˇ self-defense group, protectors kaˍ laˍ kaˍ curtain ฉากบัง, ม่าน, มุ้ง kaˍ laˍ uˆ camel, giraffe, exotic four-legged animals lahu are unfamiliar with อูฐ kaˍ laˍ uˆ ngaˆ ostrich นกกระจอกเทศ kaˍ laꞈ a naˬ venereal disease กามโรค kaˍ seuˇ kiˇ seuˇ success in all endeavors kaˍ uiˍ kiˇ uiˍ great good fortune kaˍve stack up, pile up ทำเป็นกองๆ kaˍmaˍyiˍhpa velvet ผ้ากำมะหยี่ kaˍnanˉ number ตัวเลข kaˍnanˉ ehˉ verse of bible เลขข้อ kaˍnanˉ shawˍ tuˬ calculator เครื่องคิดเลข kaˍnanˉ te ve calculate, reckon, do arithmetic, math คณิตศาสตร์ kaˍnanˉ uiˍ chapter of bible เลขบท kaˍphiˍ coffee กาแฟ kaˍphiˍ shaˉ-e ve pick coffee เก็บกาแฟ kaˍtiˍpaˍ velvet kaˬ clf for places สถานที่ kaˬ caˇ kuˇ caˇ make one's living by trade kaˬ chiˇve support by holding, uphold ค้ำ, ชู, เสริม kaˬ chiˇve support by holding, uphold kaˬ paˆ prediction (i.e. by fortuneteller) kaˬ tiˍve prop up to prevent from closing ค้ำประตู kaˬ ve assist, help kaˬ ve be surprised ˉ แปลกประหลาด kaˬsehˆ cassette kaˬsehˆ caꞈ a cassette recorder kaꞈ also, too ด้วย kaꞈ mui- sit down here. นั่งที่นี่ keawˬ glass, crystal (not sure of spelling) แก้ว kehˆ shiˍ bamboo sticks forming framework of roof ไม้ก้านหญ้า kehˇ k'ai shaˍ come on, let's go! kehˉ ehˍ ehˉ... shows frustration, impatience kehˍ la ve get oldˬ grow old ค่อยๆแก่ kehˬ law fan haˉ pui crystal แก้วคริสตัล kehˬ lehˍ-ehˬ cleanly, purely สะอาดเรียบร้อย kehˬ lehˍ-ehˬ te ve to make clean ทำความสะอาดเรียบร้อย kehˬ ve pure, clear, clean สะอาด kenˇ tunˬ kengtung keu kind of cactus keu daw ve fit into (insert-fit) keu hk'awꞈve put back into ใส่กลับ keu i ve put in only a little ใส่น้อย keu i ve put inˍcontribute a little ใส่น้อย keu jawˆ ve put in and shake up (as pill in water) keu maˇ daw cannot be inserted, doesn't fit ไม่มีที่ใส่ keu taˍve be inside ofˬ to have been inserted ใส่ไว้ keu teh ve lay something before someone, offer something ใส่วางไว้ keu tiˆ ve put something in to soak แช่ไว้ keu vaˉ sugar น้ำตาล keu ve put into, insert ใส่, เติม keu ve to sift, winnow keunˍ half (limited use) ครึ่ง keunˍve be worthy of เหมาะสม keuˆ leuˆ a rattle เสียงกระดิ่ง keuˆ tuꞈ keuˆ hkiˉ have a difficult birth keuˆ tuꞈ keuˆ hkiˉ have a difficult birth keuˆ ve give birth to, be born เกิด keuˬ daꞈve be apart from each other keuˬ mui ve shift one's seat over, slide away from keuˬ taˬ safety fence (fence at side of highway) keuˬ taˬ safety fence keuˬ teh ve move something over ขยับ, ขยาย keuˬ ve to separate, move away from ย้าย, ขยับ keuꞈ teh taˍve hold back, retain, save up ki la sports, athletics กีฬา ki la leˍ guiˇve play sports เล่นกีฬา kinˇve be tight, be tense ทำให้แน่น kiˇve to ride (horse, vehicle) แน่น, คับ kiˇ-ehˬ tightly, tensely แน่น kiˇ-ehˬ hpeh ve tie tightly มัดแน่น kiˇ-ehˬ te ve make tight, tighten ทำให้แน่น kiˉ clf for sections, slices (fruit, wood) kiˉ liˉ kiˉ liˉ k'ai ve jingle, tinkle (of a bell) เสียงกระดิ่ง kiˬ kiˬ mawnˉ mawnˉve rattled and flustered of a person รีบร้อน kiˬ ve be busy ยุ่ง ko ve to fence off, fence in, enclose ล้อม koˇ spinning wheel ระวิง(เครื่องปั่นด้าย) koˇ baˉ spoke of spinning wheel koˇ caˍ employee, someone who works for you koˇ k'a ve fall through (the floor of) a veranda koˇ vawˇ wheel of spinning wheel koˇhteˆ k'ai ve yaꞈ k'aw awˬ hk'aw lo during the trip to bangkok ในทางที่ไปกรุงเทพ koˍ shield from, shelter from koꞈve inspect officially ku ve to dry (food) ตากแห้ง kui gall, bile, gall-bladder น้ำดี kui shaˉ ehˬ k'ai ve sweat pours out เหงื่อแตก kuiˇ bronze, copper ทองเหลือง kuiˇ bawˍ copper mine บ่อทองเหลือง kuiˇ behˬ ve to be infected เปื่อยเน่า kuiˇ e ve get rotten, spoil เน่าแล้ว kuiˇ nehˆ ve rot from too much moistureˬ get wet and rotten kuiˇ nuˬ ve smell rotten, stink of decay เหม็นเน่า kuiˇ nuˬ ve smell rottenˬ stink of decay kuiˇ nyiˉ brass ทองแดง kuiˇve to rot, decay, spoil เน่า kuiˇve be crowded, numerous ท่องเที่ยว kuiˉ scar แผลเป็น, รอย kuiˉ ehˬ te ve be all twisted up รอยย่น, ขมวดหน้าขมวดตา kuiˍ sweat เหงื่อ kuiˍ hk'aw pore (sweat-hole) ต่อมเหงื่อ kuiˍ jawꞈve lay tarˍasphalt kuiˍ jawꞈve lay tarˍasphalt kuiˍ nyi naˍ paˆ shoˇ te ve have one's forehead dripping with sweatˬ sweat blood from exertion kuiˍ shiˆ ve wipe away sweat (with cloth) ซับเหงื่อ kuiˍ shoˆ ve wipe away sweat (with arm) เหงื่อใหลไคลย้อย kuiˍ tawˆ la ve to sweat, perspire เหงื่อออก kuiˍ taˆ g'awˇ collarbone kuiˍ tcuhˇ asphalt kuiˬ tuˬ te ve to cause to melt ทำให้ละลาย kuiˬ ve to melt ละลาย kuiˬ-e ve to melt away ละลายแล้ว kunˇ betel ใบพลู kunˇ behˇve chew betel เคี้ยวหมาก kuˇ eight fingers breadth เครื่องบั่นด้าย kuˇ daꞈve cast lots, vote, register an opinion ทายปัญหา kuˇ kuˇ te ve walk stiffly (like soldiers) เดินอาด วางท่า kuˇ nyi ve venture a guess คาดเดา kuˇve to guess เดา kuˇve cold, freezing cold เย็น kuˇve stiff เย็นเฉียบ kuˇ-ehˬ stiffly, tensely kuˉ chaˇ communist คอมมิวนิส kuˍ k'awehꞈ prawn, shrimp กุ้ง kuˍ kaiˉ trigger-guard kuˬ cuꞈve call together, convoke, call a meeting เรีอกมารวมกัน kuˬ cuꞈve call together, call a meeting kuˬ hawˬ ve sob, weep ร้องให้โฮ kuˬ heuˉve scream ตะโกน kuˬ hk'awꞈ kuˬ piˉ every year เรีอกกลับเรีอกคืน kuˬ hk'awꞈve call someone back เรีอกกลับ kuˬ hk'o ve summon by calling ร้องเรียก kuˬ hk'o ve call, summon kuˬ hkawˇ a call, characteristic cry (i.e. bird) เสียงเรีอก kuˬ kawˬ kuˬ hk'oˇ each and every household kuˬ kawˬ kuˬ hk'oˇ everybody, each and every household kuˬ keu ve call out to (so someone hears) ร้องใส่ kuˬ ve callˬ cry outˬ complain เรีอก ร้อง ตะโกน kuˬ ve e ve cry out a warning ตะโกน kuˬ ve euˇve cry out in warning k’oˆ ponˬ k’oˆ leuˉve speak out of lineˬ exceed the bounds of propriety of one’s words la paˇ neˇ imminenceˬ nearly, almost มาใกล้ law cawˇve be to one's liking, one's interests law maˇ taˬ-oˬ, maw jaˇ oˬ i'm tired of waiting, it's been so long! lawˍ liˍ chi ngaˬ maˇ piˇ peuˬ sheˍ i haven't finished paying for this car yet. รถนี้ยังจ่ายไม่หมด lawˍ liˍ chi teˇ ceuˬ hk'aˬ ma g'a piˇ ve le how much does a car like this costˉ รถนี้ให้เท่าไหร่ lawˍ liˍ hkiꞈve ride a motor vehicle นั่งรถยนต์ lawˍ liˍ mvuhˇ yeˬ shiˆ tuˬ ve windshield wipers lawˍ maˇ kuiˬ cannot melt lawˍliˍ chi ngaˬ aꞈ aˬ laˬ hk'e guˆ laˇ, a ciˉ tiˉ cha-o this car almost bumped into me, it just missed! lawˍliˍ deh kuiˬ parking place, bus stop lawˍliˍ dehˬ ve car comes to a stop lawˍliˍ guˆ pehˍve be struck and killed by car lawˍliˍ hk'aw tawˆ-e ve get off the bus lawˍliˍ jawˆ ve car jounces lawˍliˍ jehˇve the bus has stopped lawˍliˍ oˉ k'oˍ hk'ehˇ hk'aw paˍve turn a car around กลับรถ lawˬ k'aˉ chi haˉ pui shiˍ taˬ cawˬ maˇ ve yoˬ this river has many rocky rapids. lawˬ k'aˉ hk'oˆ k'ai ve maˇ ca ngai sheˍ it wouldn't be a bad idea to go along above the river. lawˬ k'aˉ naˉ a canyonˬ a defileˬ a deep valley lawˬ na ve ask a favor of someone lawˬ uiˍve ask for a promotion, advancement lawˬ ve hkawˉve beg and beseech, pray fervently ขอร้อง, ขอโทษ laˇ bvuhꞈ a leopard เสือดาว laˇ gaꞈ leopard, panther laˇ hkui tiger's footprints ลอยเท้าเสือ laˇ maˇ suh k'o, laˇ guiˬ hk'ehꞈ maˇ hpehꞈ you can't skin a tiger until he's dead. (proverb) ถ้าเสือไม่ตาย ถลกหนังไม่ได้ laˇhtaˇbanˇ ve tawˇ hkawˇ ngaˬ hui hk'oˆ gaˬ la law an announcement from the govt. has been handed down to us. คำสั่งของรัฐบาลอาจมาบนเรา laˇhu hkawˇ lahu language ภาษาลาฮู laˇhuˍ hkawˇ hk'a cawehˇ yoˬ hpehꞈ la oˬ. i can almost speak lahu now. laˇhuˍ hkawˇ yaw jawˬ ve practice speaking lahu laˇhuˍ naˬ hpanˍ person of mixed lahu and other parentage laˇhuˍ yaˇ hk'aˬ hpawˇ chi hpawˇ lahu people from all around ลาฮูจากทุกสารทิศ laˇhuˍ yaˇ yanˇ chaw hkawꞈ daꞈ leh bon lawˬ ve yoˬ. the lahu and the karens pray together. คนลาอูคนกระเหรียงอยู่ด้วยกันแล้วอธิษฐาน laˍtinˍ latin laˬ caˍ maˇ the tea is really sprouting laˬ gaˬ ve arrive here laˬ hkehˇ naˍ hpaw teacup handle หูถ้วยชา laˬ hko tea plantation สวนชา laˬ kawˆ teacup แก้วน้ำชา laˬ oꞈ ceˇ come on, i say!, come on, i said! laˬ tcuhˉ ve yoˬ tea is astringent. laˬ teh dawˬ ve put tea on the fire to drink laˬ teˇ kawˆ a cup of tea ชาหนึ่งแก้ว laꞈ cheˇve hand trembles laꞈ dawˇ gloves laꞈ diˆ pulse (in the wrist) laꞈ diˆ diˆ ve pulse beats laꞈ hk'aˇ aꞈ paˇve have one's fate determined by the lines in one's palm laꞈ hk'aˇ nyi ve palm read laꞈ jaˆ a cubit laꞈ k'awˍ caˉve shake hands, join hands in marriage laꞈ k'awˍ toˆ ve join in marriage laꞈ k'aˉ pfuhˇ tuˬ ve taˉ poˆ a knapsack for carrying over the shoulder laꞈ ka cross, x-shaped figure กางเขน laꞈ ka hk'oˇ lo htaꞈ keu ve crucifyˬ fasten to a cross laꞈ maꞈ htoˇve sign a documentˬ sign one's name to something laꞈ maꞈ nyiˉve make a thumbprint on a document laꞈ naw (aꞈ) htawˆ guiˇve tap one's fingers idly laꞈ naw daꞈ fourth fingerˬ ring finger (lucky finger) laꞈ naw hkaˉ fingerprints นิ้วติด(นิ้วล็อก) laꞈ naw hkaˉ fingerprint whorl นิ้วที่งอกเกิน laꞈ naw hkaꞈ-ehˬ te ve spread the fingers laꞈ naw k'a a double finger นิ้วที่งอกเกิน laꞈ naw keu daꞈve fold one's hands laꞈ naw pa hteˆ ve adjusting fingers to strum a certain chord laꞈ naw shu-iˆ tawˉ tuˬ a thimble laꞈ naw tcuhˉ knuckle laꞈ naw tehˆ tehˆ te ve snap the fingers laꞈ naw teˇ hk'e hteˆ ve flick a finger laꞈ ngehˍ co-e teˍ keu ve nudge with an elbow laꞈ pehˉ pehˉve fold one's arms laꞈ peˍ tcuhˉve put on a ring laꞈ sha hpawˇ caw k'ai turn right! laꞈ shawn nawˉve give someone a gift as a bribe laꞈ sheh che cheˇve have one's hand shake from being stretched out laꞈ sheh che ve extend a hand ยื่นมือ laꞈ sheh che ve stretch out one's hand laꞈ sheh daˍ kuiˬ a callus on the hand laꞈ sheh hk'aw lo geh peuˬ ve fall into hands เข้าในมือหมด laꞈ sheh hk'e ve stretch the arms เหยียดมือ laꞈ sheh hkaˆ ve scoop with the hands จับด้วยมือ, ใข้มือ laꞈ sheh hta ve clap one's hands laꞈ sheh htawˇve touch with the hand laꞈ sheh tsuhˆ ve make a fist, clench one's hand laꞈ sheh u ve to get a blister on the hand มือพอง laꞈ taw k'aw palm of the hand ฝ่ามือ laꞈ taw k'aw htaꞈ hpawˇ back of the hand laꞈ tawehˇ stump of an arm laꞈ tcuiˉ tsuhˇ-ehˬ up to one's armpits laꞈ teh ve set tea on the fire laꞈ tiˆ dawˬ ve soak tea to drink, steep tea laꞈ tsuhˆ pui yuˬ leh yehˬ miˉ htawˆ ve knock on a door with one's fists laꞈ tzuhˆ ve hand itches, be restless laꞈ venˇ kawˍve pile up bricks, stones to make a city wall ก่อกำแพงเมือง lehˬ hehꞈ ngawˉve get eczema lehꞈ htoꞈ maˇ cawˬ have no value lehꞈ kawˬ bracelet กำไล leuˉ leh chiˇ mvuh ve heap praises upon leˆ ce ve to slide down leˆ daꞈve nice and smoothˬ nice and slippery leˆ gui (e)ve slide, slip leˆ kawnˇve slip, lose one's footing ลื่น leˆ paˍ-e ve slip and fall ลื่นล้ม leˍ guiˇve to play liꞈ awˬ hkuiˉ pui foreward, beginning of book ตัวหนังสือแรก liꞈ awˬ htaꞈ awˍ cunˍ dawˆ ve register a letter liꞈ awˬ yehˇ vowel สระ liꞈ bvuhꞈ caꞈ typewriter liꞈ bvuhꞈ caꞈ htawˆ ve to type ("peck at a typewriter") liꞈ bvuhꞈ caꞈ nyiˉ tuˬ typewriter key liꞈ bvuhꞈ caꞈ pfuhˇ toˇ tuˬ (ve) portable typewriter liꞈ bvuhꞈ jawˬ ve practice writing liꞈ chi ngaˬ htaꞈ piˇ-a give me that book. liꞈ chi teˇ k'oˆ ngaˬ aꞈ hk'e leˇ peꞈ laˇ ve yoˬ he gave me this book for free หนังลือเล่มนี้ฉันจะให้เปล่าๆ liꞈ chi teˇ maˬ a shu keuꞈ aˍ ve le who produced this bookˉ ใครผลิตหนังสือนี้ liꞈ chi ve pfuhˇ shehˍ hpaˇ the bearer of this letter liꞈ daw, liꞈ daw pue scroll, book liꞈ dawˇ g'aw ve recite something written from memory liꞈ g'aw kuiˬ bawehˇ library liꞈ g'aw paˇ-ehˍ te ve pretend to be reading a book แกล้งอ่านหนังสือ liꞈ hkawˇ written language สือเพลง liꞈ hpu awˬ lawn bvuhꞈ taˍ ve liꞈ bible commentary liꞈ hpu ca kuiˬ liꞈ daw concordances liꞈ htaiˍ bookshelf liꞈ htaꞈ tehˉ k'awꞈ teh ve put a book on one's lap liꞈ jawˬ ve study books, do schoolwork liꞈ mehˆ a letter ตัวหนังสือ, จดหมาย liꞈ mehˆ hpfuhˇ nyiˇ ha awˇ chi suhˍ maˬ htaꞈ teˇ chi ngaˇ cawˆ nyi mehˍ please look at page 247, line 15. liꞈ mehˆ hpfuhˇ teˇ k'oˆ one page หนึ่งหน้า liꞈ na maˇ awnˬ fail a test สอบตก liꞈ na ve give a test to someoneˬ give a written examination liꞈ pawnˇve spell a word liꞈ po envelope liꞈ ta k'oˍ book-box liꞈ tiˇ pehˍve cross out writing liꞈ yuˬ k'oˬ paˍ mailman บุรุษไปรษณีย์ liꞈ yuˬ k'oˬ ve deliver mail ส่งจดหมาย loˆ hkanˉve car is stuck รถติด loˆ k'aˉve car stuck (in mud) loˍ cawˇ cawˬ cawˇve be needful and necessary loˍ kuiˬ a needˉ loˍ ve cuˆ ve be needy, lacking loˍliˍ gaˉ yaw tire, wheel (car) ล้อมรถ loꞈ piˇ lawˬ ve have (him) come in ให้เข้ามา luˉ k'u spoon ช้อน luˉ k'u juˆ fork (for eating) luˬ kuiˇve to be utterly ruined, miserable เน่าเสีย maiˉ na awˬ cawˆ awˬ cawˆ juˆ ve make a broken, dotted line maiˉ na awˬ cawˆ awˬ cawˆ juˆ ve make a dotted line maw chaweh a rather long time maw chaweh g'uiˬ ve laugh for quite a long time mawˇ awˬ leuˉ g'awˆ keu tuˬ wastebasket ถังขยะ mawˇ chiˇ hkehˬ daꞈve have a weight-lifting contest ยกของแข่งกัน mawˇ hawˇ kuiˬ store, shop ร้านค้า mawˇ jeˬ property, possessions mawˇ ji ve tidy things up, get things out of the way mawˇ keu tsuhˇ tuˬ ve hk'ehˇ lonˉ a big washtub mawˇ keu tsuhˇ tuˬ ve hkehˇ lonˉ big tub for washing กะละมัง mawˇ keu tsuhˇve put things in to wash mawˇ koꞈve inspect one's things ค้นของ mawˇ naˬ ve suffer infirmities of age mawˇ piˍ duˇ tawˆ paˍ archeologist mawˇ tawˉve do sewing, sew things mawˇ tsuhˇ shehˍ hpaˇ a launderer, a laundry man mawˉ ca ve consult a witch doctor mawˬ cehnˍve see everything, spot every detail mawˬ daꞈve see each otherˬ meetˬ face one another mawꞈ g'aw ngaˉve open the mouth wide, yawn mawꞈ k'aw cheˇ-ehˬ te ve purse one's lips mawꞈ k'aw cuˉ ehˬ te ve pucker the lips mawꞈ k'aw kaˉ-ehˬ te ve grin wolfishly mawꞈ k'aw kuiˉ ehˬ k'ai ve mouth twitches ขมวดปาก mawꞈ k'aw toˆ loˆ the alveolar ridgeˬ the palate mawꞈ naˆ gibbon mawꞈ sha caˇ ve hkui jaˇ monkey meat is delicious! กินลิงเนื้อแล้วหยิ่งมาก maˇ (v) kaꞈ not (v) either ไม่..ด้วย maˇ (v) sheˍ htaˇ before (v)ing maˇ (v) taˬ hehˉ probably will not (v) maˇ (v) ve ceh (ceh) until (v) maˇ (vb) a ciˉ tiˉ cha o come very close to (vb)-ing เกือบ maˇ cawˬ jaw sheˍ has never happened, has never had maˇ cawˬ paˍ a poor person maˇ caˆ piˇve treat with contempt, disdain someone maˇ chaw ve awˍ usually (rl) maˇ chaweh quite a few, a fair amount maˇ chaweh pawnˍve almost completely comprehensible maˇ chiˇ maˇ baˬ faithfully, steadfastly maˇ dawˇ maˇ gaˇ leh by accident, unexpectantly, unintentionally maˇ dawꞈ daꞈ separatedˬ sparse maˇ daꞈ bad, not good, ugly maˇ daꞈ maˇ na evil, wicked maˇ daꞈ maˇ na evil, immoral maˇ g'a caˇ tiˉ taˇ dawˇ don't keep thinking that you won't get anything to eat! maˇ g'a yaw jawˬ jaw ve not have had the opportunity to practice speaking maˇ gaˬ la taˬ probably won't arrive maˇ gaˬ ve ceh ceh until they arrive maˇ htanˇ can't abide, can't tolerate, can't stand the site of, have no respect for maˇ hteˇ maˇ cawˇ improperˬ illegalˬ immoral maˇ jawˬ maˇ hk'ehˆ unexpectedly, with no preparation maˇ jawˬ maˇ hkehˆ unexpectantly, extemporaneously ไม่ทันตั้งตัว maˇ k'ai gaˇ k'o yawˇ htaꞈ taˇ nyiˉ if he doesn't want to go, don't force him maˇ k'ai ve daꞈ leuˉ ve yoˬ it would be better not to go. maˇ k'oꞈ-e peu ve ceˇ he says they won't make you go back home. maˇ kawˆ there's nothing to be afraid of. it's not scary. ไม่กลัว maˇ keh nevermind! i don't care! ไม่เป็นไร maˇ lawꞈ hehˉ tehꞈ ngaˬ dawˇ haˍve i'm worried that it might not be enough. maˇ maˇ maˇ kuiˇ ve awˍ we are not numerous, few in number! maˇ mi taˬ probably won't catch up with maˇ nawˇ maˇ hteh befuddledˬ dazedˬ unable to understand what is going on maˇ nawˇ maˇ hteh be dazzed and confused maˇ naˬ maˇ gawˬ be free from sicknessˍmisery maˇ naˬ maˇ gawˬ tiˉ cawˬ laˇ may there always be only health and comfort for us maˇ pehˆ mehˬ-aˬ it's not stale - it tastes fine! maˇ pehˆ nehˆ - naˉ-aˬ it's not shallow - it's deep! maˇ peˍ maˇ pa unchangingˬ changelessˬ immutable maˇ shiˍ paˇ-ehˍ te ve feign ignoranceˬ pretend not to know ทำไม่รู้ไม่ชี้ maˇ tawˬ uneven, not level maˇ taˍ uiˍ disrespect someone maˇ tcuhˉ maˇ nuˬ not give off an odor, not know anything maˇ tcuhˍ maˇ faˉ not be evasive, not try to hide anything maˇ tcuhˍ tuˬ ve naˆ tsuhˇ cough-medicine maˇ tcuhˬ maˇ k'aw not be serious in one's intentions (esp. to marry) maˇ te gaˇ leh...(clause) not do (clause) on purpose ไม่อยากทำ maˇ ve kuiˇve be many and numerous maˇ yaꞈ taw puiˉ be shamelessˬ brazen maˇ yuˬ abstain maˍ peu ve instruct to leave maˍ piˇ ve hkawˇ words of advice คำแนะนำ maˍ tuˬ ve liꞈ teˇ hpaˍ curriculum maˬ tcuhˉ ve, cunˍ tcuhˉ ve, yinˉ tcuhˉve affix a seal maꞈ bawˆ daꞈ ve tcuhˉ kuiˬ the reason forˍcause of the war maꞈ caˉ dawˆ ve play mahjongg maꞈ caˍ vaˇ caˍ feed and give sustenance maꞈ caˍve to feed someone maꞈ htawˍ lonˉ telescope maꞈ keuˆ ve a war begins, breaks out เกิดสงคราม maꞈ keuꞈve serve in a war maꞈ poˍ military officer maꞈ taˉ htawꞈve wear glasses (red lahu) maꞈ tehˆ ngaˆ musketˬ muzzle-loading rifle maꞈ tewˬ shiˍ jawˆ daꞈve shake dice with each other, play dice maꞈ yaˇ taꞈ military camp maꞈ yaˇ taꞈ nyiˇ tawˆ shawˍ-aˍve the soldiers are deployed in two camps. meh htawˍ old woman (respectful) meh tcuhˉve give a name to, name someone mehˆ cuˉ nuˬ ve be blind mehˆ cuˉve to be blind, close eyes tightly mehˆ g'aw nuˇve have weak eyes for reading mehˆ g'uiˬ teunˇve tears overflow mehˆ g'uiˬ teˇ jaˆ a teardrops mehˆ hk'awꞈ tuˍ naˉve have deep-set eyesˬ be hollow-eyed mehˆ hk'oꞈ tuˍ eye socket เบ้าตาโกน mehˆ hkaꞈ hoˆ ve have a cataract ต้อกระจก mehˆ hkehˇve have one's eyes dazzled mehˆ hpfuhˇ nawˍ tiˆ te ve have a pinched and worried expression หน้าที่แสดงถึงความเป็นหวัง mehˆ hpfuhˇ nawˍ-ehˬ te ve have a sad expression on one's face มืหน้าเศ้รา mehˆ hpfuhˇ nyiˉ-ehˍ te leh... ... with a red face. mehˆ hpfuhˇ tawˍ daꞈve be face to face mehˆ hpfuhˇ tsuhˇve wash one's face, compensate for offense, apologize mehˆ keawˬ eyeglasses แว่นตา mehˆ keawˬ tcuhˉve wear eyeglasses, put on glasses mehˆ kuiˉ ehˬ te nyi ve squint at ตาขยิบ mehˆ naˆ ve be selfish and hardhearted mehˆ ngaˉ nyi ve to open eyes wide to see mehˆ nyi kuˬ ve a cat meows แมวร้อง mehˆ nyiˉ mehˆ k'a te ve have red and burning eyes mehˆ puˉ hkanˉve get something stuck in one's eye ผงติดตา mehˆ shiˍ chawˇ aˍve a back eye mehˆ shiˍ cuˉ tsuhˇ piˇve close someone's eyes mehˆ teh kaˍ the space between the eyes mehˇ chawˇ paˍ | ma widowˬ divorced man or woman พ่อม่ายแม่ม่าย mehˇ chawˇ paˍ, mehˇ chawˇ ma widower, widow, divorced person mehˇ keu ve vote for someone ลงคะแนน mehˉ noˆ scissors mehˍ htuˇ-ehˬ ve an erect tail mehˬ shaˇ de grove of meh sa bamboo mehˬ taiˍ yoˬ, mehˬ suh-e la yoˬ it's really delicious! mehˬ ve hkuiˉve delicious, rich taste อร่อย meuˆ k'uˉ chiˇve raise one's eyebrow meuˆ keu ve blow into เป่าใส่ meuˆ pu ve inflate by blowing เป่าลม, พองตัว meuˇ teh kaˍ the space between the nose and lips meuˇ tuˉ-ehˬ te ve pout, purse one's lips meuꞈ keu hk'ehˇ falling star, meteor ดาวตก meuꞈ ve-awˍ, jehˇ aˇ g'a oˬ yaˇ we're starving! we can't stand it anymore! miˇsaˇ na ve listen to mass miˉ chaw chiˇve weave a shoulder bag miˉ jawꞈ flint (for starting fire) miˉ jawꞈ hteꞈve strike flintˬ start a fire with a flint stone miˬ chaˇ floor, earth miˬ duˇ paˍ archaeologist miˬ guiˬ awˬ han map แผนที่ miˬ guiˬ awˬ hk'aw underground, in the ground ข้างในโลก miˬ guiˬ diˬ clump of earth miˬ guiˬ guˆ caꞈ bulldozer, tractor miˬ guiˬ hk'oˆ in the world, on the earth บนโลก miˬ guiˬ hk'oˆ paw sha kuiˬ awˬ leh meuˇ teˇ hk'ehꞈ gaˬ ve ceˇ he reached the utmost stage of success on earth. เขาบอกว่าแผ่นดินโลกนี้เป็นที่รวยสุดๆ miˬ guiˬ htaiˉ baˬ ve level out land miˬ guiˬ htaꞈ caw k'ai tuˬ hehnˇ chaweh bawˆ tuˬ yoˬ it will be shot with great force so that it orbits the earth. miˬ guiˬ jawˇ mawˇ aꞈ chiˇ aꞈ piˇve they handed him over to the authorities miˬ guiˬ kwanˇve govern a country ครองแผ่นดิน, ครองเมือง miˬ guiˬ teˇ peˆ a piece of land miˬ guiˬ tuˉ-ehˬ k'ai ve earth is mounded miˬ hiˆ htaˇ ngaˬ jawˬ ve awˍ i did feel the earthquake! miˬ hkuiˇ fertile ground ดินดี miˬ hkuiˇ fertile ground ปุ๋ย miˬ hkuiˇ fertilizer miˬ k'oˍ hole in ground หลุม miˬ k'oˍ k'a ve fall into a hole ตกหลุม miˬ nawˆ peanut ถั่ว miˬ nuˇ nehˆ-ehˬ ve soft earth miˬ tawˬ level groundˬ a plain miˬ tcuhˉ boundary, border miˬ tcuhˉ kaˍ boundary line, border พรมแดน miˬ tcuhˉ taꞈ noꞈ border police miˬ ti vaˇ ti land for cultivation miˬ toꞈ k'oˍ naˉve hole is deep moˇ awˍ doˆ ve stuff down intoˬ be packed downˬ sink downward into moˇ kaꞈ down there ข้างล่างโน้น moˍnoˍhtiˍiˆ monotheism moˬ du-ehˬ hpehꞈve be hazyˬ haze hovers moˬ hk'ehˇ rainy fog หมอก mui caˇve eat sitting down mui guiˇve sit around and socialize mui hk'awˇ a stool ม้านั่ง mvuhˇ cha cha ve the sun shines mvuhˇ cha chiˆ ve to get sunburnt mvuhˇ cha hkui e the sun shines แดดออก mvuhˇ cha k'aw huˉve dry something in the sun ตากแห้ง mvuhˇ cha k'aw ve sunburned, exposed to sun ตากแดด mvuhˇ cha nuˇ la ve yoˬ the sunlight has become less intense. mvuhˇ duˬ mvuhˇ k'a descendants of heaven mvuhˇ haw cheuˬ-ehˬ k'ai ve a breeze blows refreshingly mvuhˇ haw dehˬ oˬ the wind has calmed down. mvuhˇ haw g'aˬ meuˆ g'aˬ jaˇ the wind blew more and more. mvuhˇ haw jawꞈ tuˬ propeller, rotor mvuhˇ haw juˆ naˬ ve have gas pains, stomach cramps mvuhˇ haw laˬ htaˇ maˇ heuˆ tuˬ htanˍve shield oneself from the wind mvuhˇ haw meuˆ leh geuˆ ve caꞈ windmill mvuhˇ haw teˇ puˆ a gust of wind mvuhˇ hk'awˇ chawꞈve suck in smoke mvuhˇ hk'awˇ hk'awˬ awˍ tawˆ la ve ceˇ le where did he say the smoke was coming fromˉ เขาบอกว่าควันออกมาจากที่ไหน mvuhˇ hk'awˇ nuˬ ve reek of smoke mvuhˇ hk'aˆ ve be a drought mvuhˇ hpe kehˬ ve the sky is clear ท้องฟ้าแจ่มใส mvuhˇ hpe poˬ-e ve go flying through the sky mvuhˇ hpehꞈ awˍ dinner อาหารเย็น mvuhˇ hpeuꞈ teˇ hkawˬ vanˇ the afternoon, p.m. ตอนบ่าย mvuhˇ htehˆ daˆ electricity mvuhˇ htehˆ heuˆ ve be struck by lightning mvuhˇ htehˆ ve it lightensˬ lightning flashes mvuhˇ htiˇ (la)ve dawn breaks mvuhˇ kawˍ miˬ yaꞈ htaˇ from the beginning of creation mvuhˇ kuiˉ htawˆ ciˇve walk on stilts mvuhˇ law miˬ law henˇ paˍ scientist ดาลาศาสคร์ mvuhˇ lawꞈ k'aw daytime, afternoon กลางวัน mvuhˇ maˇ hpeuꞈ sheˍ htaˇ before it gets dark mvuhˇ miˬ awˬ lawn political news, current events ข่าวการเมือง mvuhˇ miˬ gawˬ la ve the country calms down mvuhˇ miˬ jawˇ mawˇ the authorities, government officials mvuhˇ miˬ keuꞈ ve, mvuhˇ miˬ ve kanˉ te ve serve the country (politicianˉ) mvuhˇ miˬ teˇ peˆ a country mvuhˇ naˆ ve the sky darkens mvuhˇ naꞈ the early morning mvuhˇ nui g'euˆ baˬ kuiˬ be in the shade แสงอาทิตย์ mvuhˇ nyi ha pa teˇ ceh yoˬ the sun and moon are a pair. mvuhˇ nyi hti ve the sun shines down mvuhˇ nyi k'ehˬ ve the sun goes down ตะวันตกดิน mvuhˇ nyi tawˆ hehnˇve the sun comes out strongly mvuhˇ nyi tawˆ hpawˇ the east mvuhˇ nyi tawˆ ve the sun risesˬ the sun comes out mvuhˇ shawˉ awˍ breakfast อาหารเช้า mvuhˇ shawˉ teˇ hkawˬ vanˇ the morning, a.m. ตอนเช้า mvuhˇ tawˍ mvuhˇ duiˆ k'ai ve to thunder mvuhˇ tiˉ pawehꞈ lightning mvuhˇ tiꞈ an everlasting thing, something that can never be used up mvuhˇ yeˬ deu ve for fine rain to be in the airˬ a constant drizzle mvuhˇ yeˬ gawˬ la ve rain softens mvuhˇ yeˬ hkawˇ jaˇ it's raining really hard! เสียงฝนตกใหญ่ mvuhˇ yeˬ jehˇ oˬ vaˬ the rain has stopped! mvuhˇ yeˬ laˬ gaˇve it looks like it will rain. ฝนกำลังจะตก mvuhˇ yeˬ mvuh cha tcuhˉ time between rainy season and sunny part of year (octˍnov) mvuhˇ yeˬ teˍve rain pours downˬ be a pounding rain mvuhˇ yeˬ yaꞈ e tuˬ ve awˬ hk'oꞈ shuwehˍ rain-gutter น้ำฝนใหลลงตามร่องเขา mvuhˬ hkui tuˇ stem of a mushroom mvuhˬ oˇ teˇ ceuˬ miˬ guiˬ aꞈ tawˆ la ve that kind of mushroom grows out of the ground. mvuhꞈ hk'u cooking pot หม้อ myi ma pui htanˍ tuˬ chest-protectorˬ breastplate na in front ofˬ in front of and above na bawˬ ve be tired of listening to na cawˉ nehˆ nickname for skinny woman na chu ma nickname for a fat woman na daꞈ cehˇ daꞈ have a wide-ranging discussion na daꞈ cehˇ daꞈve converse, talk things over na g'a ve understandˬ catch what is saidˬ succeed in hearing na gaˬ ve understand, catch what is said na guˬ na gaˉ pehˬ spider na guˬ na gaˉ pehˬ hpui spiderweb na heuˆ ve listen and understand na heuˆ ve ask to get something, ask for in marriageˬ propose marriage na hkawˇ, na nyi hkawˇ question na hkaˇ woman's name (incorporates 'gold'-hka) na k'awꞈ k'ehˉ veˆ name of a decorative pattern on shoulderbags na k'aˍ paˍ stupid girl, silly girl (insult) na laˇ paˍ listenerˬ audience (non 3rd person) na laˇve listen to (non 3rd person) na laˇve ask (non-3rd person) na leh name given to last-born girl na leh bvuhꞈ-ehˬ oriole na luˉ piꞈ willow warbler na maˇ kaˇ cannot hear na maˇ shiˍ not understand what one has heard na nyi gaˇ ve awˬ ceuˬ cawˬ laˇ is there anything you want to askˉ มีอะไรอยากถามใหม na nyi hk'awˇ ve awˬ heˆ question mark เครื่องหมายคำถาม(ˉ) na nyi hkawˇ question na nyi hkawˇ question na nyi ma kind of cicada na nyi tuˬ ve awˬ heˆ question-mark na nyi ve ask na pa ve ask to exchange something na pa ve ask to exchange something แลกคำถาม na pawnˍve listen and understand na pawnˍve listen and understand na peꞈ piˇ ve, na peꞈ laˇve offer something na piˇve listen to (3rd person) na piˇve ask (3rd person) na puiˉve be (meekly) obedientˬ docile na sha hkawˇ euphemism, fancy expression ไพเราะ na sha hkawˇ poetic languageˬ words pleasing to the earˬ polite expression na sha lawehꞈve rather nice-soundingˬ pleasant enough to hear na sha ve be pleasant to hear na shiˍve hear and understand na taˍve listen wellˬ listen and remember what one has heard na tiꞈ first woman (eve) na uiˍ name for eldest girl na uˉ name given to firstborn daughter na ve listen toˬ heedˬ pay attention to na ve ask na ve be goodˬ virtuousˬ morally right na ve, na-e ve get betterˬ healˬ recoverˬ be cured na yeˬ ma kind of waterbug na yuˬ puiˉ ve chaw a heedful personˬ someone who listens to reason na yuˬ ve heedˬ listen wellˬ take someone's advice to heart naiˇ officialˬ lordˬ chief นาย naiˇ (naiˇ) k'ai ve go slowly ไปช้าๆ naiˇ chaweh yaw ve speak slowly naiˇ chaweh yaw ve speak slowly พูดช้าๆ naiˇ ma princess เจ้าหญิง naiˇ naiˇ jaw-e jaw-e te juˇve trudge along in a daze naiˇve be slow ช้า nanˇ hawˉ hkanˇ ma queen nanˇ hkawˉ ma catholic nun nanˉ movie, film nanˉ nyi ve watch a movie, watch a film nanˉ seuˉ bookˬ writingˬ a letter (red lahu) nanˉ seuˉ keu ve write something nanˉ shaꞈ kun surname nanˍ baꞈ number nanˍ baꞈ g'aw hpehꞈ aw laˇ do you know how to countˉ nanˍ baꞈ g'aw ve to count nanˍ hawˉ meunˇ cehˬ mulberry tree nanˬ hkawnˉ g'uiˬ the mekong naw greenˬ blueˬ blue-green naw iˉve put to sleep by rocking naw naˆ deep greenˬ deep blue naw ve to rock somethingˬ move something back and forth naw ve suhˆ hpaꞈ green leaves naw yawˬ salamander naweh something green and tender (a plant) nawnˉ poolˬ swarmˬ lagoon nawnˉ bo veˆ water lilyˬ lotus nawˆ (awˬ) shiˍ bean kernal, a bean ถั่วหนึ่งลูก nawˆ hk'ehˇ g'uiˬ soy sauce ซอสถั่วเหลือง nawˆ hk'ehˇ shiˍ soybean ถั่วเหลือง nawˆ jawꞈve harvest beans nawˆ jawꞈve harvest beans nawˆ kuiˇ "rotten bean"ˬ tua nao ถั่วเน่า nawˆ taˆ shiˍ, nawˆ nyiˉ shiˍ kidney bean nawˆ teuˉ shiˍ green pea nawˆ yeˬ beansprout nawˇ chehˇ aw shawˍ laˇ, nawˬ are you still awakeˉ nawˇ la ve awaken, wake up, regain consciousnessˬ come to realizeˬ come to understand nawˇve to awaken from sleepˬ be awake, conscious, aware nawˉ back nawˉ (nehˆ) pehˍ a swamp nawˉ nehˆ ve knock over and smash nawˉ paˍve knock overˬ push down nawˉ po lakeˬ large body of water nawˉve knock overˬ uproot nawˉve shore upˬ support from belowˬ prop up nawˉ-ehˬ green, blue nawˉ-ehˬ chawˇ nawˬ k'ai ve get bruised black and blue nawˍ gourd-flute ขลุ่ย nawˍ hkawˇ flute musicˬ sound of the gourd-flute เสียงขลุ่ย nawˍ k'ai goˇ k'ai ve to wither nawˍ meuˆ ve blow the gourd-flute ขลุ่ยน้ำเต้า nawˍ piˇ veˬ nawˍ laˇve awaken someone ตื่น nawˍ tu ve awaken (someone) nawˍ tu ve wake someone up ให้ตื่น nawˬ you nawˬ awˬ ceuˬ awˬ hk'aˇ hk'a nyiˇ co-e shiˍ ve le how many generations of your lineage do you knowˉ คุณรู้จักรบรรพบุรุษกี่ชั่วอายุ nawˬ awˬ pon choˬ kaꞈ teh taˍ tuˬ ve yoˬ i'll leave it here for you. nawˬ awˬ tanˇ hk'aˇ nyiˇ tanˇ gaˬ oˬ le what grade have you reached in schoolˉ คุณเรียนอยู่ชั้นอะไร nawˬ aꞈ maˇ ca taˍ laˇ i'm not accusing you! nawˬ aꞈ nyi ma haˍ jaˇ ve yoˬ i feel so sorry for you. nawˬ aꞈ yawˇ nyi ma cawˇ jaˇ ceˇ he says he likes you a lot. nawˬ ceˇ nawˬ caˬ your animals สัตว์เลี้ยงของคุณ nawˬ cuˇ yiˍ te daꞈ gaˇ k'o... if you want to have a contest of skill... nawˬ dawˇ g'a ve hk'e na laˇ ve tiˉ te< just ask me whatever comes into your head. nawˬ g'a g'euꞈ nyi oˬ laˇ have you managed to try harvesting it yetˉ nawˬ hk'awˬ ca k'ai k'awꞈ la ve le where are you coming back fromˉ คุณไปไหนมา nawˬ hk'awˬ k'ai ve le where are you goingˉ (greeting) คุณไปไหน nawˬ hk'awˬ lawˇ awˬ piˍ heuˆ gaˇ k'o nawˬ aꞈ cawˬ leˇ if you want an old basket, that's up to you, isn't itˉ nawˬ hk'aˇ nawˬ you yourself, by yourself ตัวคุณเอง nawˬ hk'aˇ nawˬ all by yourselfˬ yourself nawˬ hk'aˇ nawˬ te ve maˇ heˆ laˇ didn't you do it of your own free willˉ ไม่ใช่คุณทำคนเดียวหรือ nawˬ hk'aˬ lo tu la le where do you come fromˉ nawˬ hk'aˬ nyiˇ tuˇ ti tuˬ dawˇ aˍ ve le how many baskets (of seeds) had you intended to plantˉ nawˬ hkawˇ your wordsˬ what you say nawˬ hkawˇ tiˉ yoˬ you're talking nonsense! เป็นเพียงคำพูดขอ งคุณเท่านั้น nawˬ hkaˬ lo tu la le where do you come from มาจากไหน nawˬ hkiˇ nawˬ maˇ heˆ o your appearance is so different! nawˬ hkuiˇ nawˬ yaˇ your daughter in law and your son สะใภ็ของคุณ nawˬ hpuiˇ shaˍ caˇ puiˉ-aˬ mehˍ your dog will eat the meat if you don't watch out. nawˬ htaꞈ taꞈ ve maˇ heˆ i don't mean to challenge or offend you. nawˬ htaꞈ te ve maˇ heˆ i'm not challenging you. nawˬ hui hk'aˆ hk'aw awˍ yaˇ miˇ haˉ daꞈ ve deˇ deˇ g'a mawˬ ve leh ngaˬ ha lehˬ-aˬ i'm pleased to see that all the girls in your village are so pretty. nawˬ hui hk'aˬ hk'e dawˇ g'a ve le what do you all think about itˉ nawˬ hui laˇhuˍ awˬ meh taˇ ca chiˇ baˬ mehˍ don't go throwing away your lahu names. nawˬ hui laˇhuˍ yaˇ awˬ hkawˇ awˬ suhˉ teˇ hpaˍ g'a te yuˬ ve k'oˆ ma you must invent a bunch of new lahu words! nawˬ huiˉ maˬ deˇ daꞈ hk'eh jaˇ , ngaˬ na bawˬ jaˇ i'm sick of hearing you two squabble all the time! nawˬ huiˉ maˬ hk'aˬ ve teˇ g'aˇ a ciˉ a shaꞈ uiˍ ve le which one of you two is olderˉ สองคนนี้ ใครอายุมากกว่ากัน nawˬ k'ai ve get stale เหี่ยวเฉา nawˬ k'awꞈ jaˇ you're really crooked! คุณคดมาก nawˬ laˇhuˍ awˍ chiˇ caˇ jaw oˬ laˇ have you ever eaten a lahu curryˉ nawˬ laꞈ naw naˬ shawˍ laˇ does your finger still hurtˉ nawˬ maˇ htanˇ laˇ k'o if you don't truly care for me... nawˬ maꞈ maˇ te k'o, maˇ suh taˬ hehˉ if you don't make war, you won't die. nawˬ na awˍ nyi ehꞈ look up in front of you! nawˬ na awˍ nyi ehꞈ look up there ahead of you! nawˬ naˬ kuiˬ a ciˉ hkehnˇ la oˬ laˇ is your wound a bit better nowˉ แผลของคุณดีขึ้นบ้างใหม nawˬ ngaˬ aꞈ maˇ nyi maˇ koˍ laˇ aw. you're not taking good care of me! nawˬ ngaˬ htaꞈ taˬ aw laˇ are you willing to be separated from meˉ nawˬ ngaˬ hui all of usˬ we inclusive คุณ และพวกเรา nawˬ oˇ ve caˇ k'o, naˬ tuˬ ve yoˬ if you eat that, you'll get sick. nawˬ pa your father พ่อของคุณ nawˬ pa tiˉ yoˬ (sarcastically used to indicate something is impossible for you to do) you're father!ˬ you and what army! พ่อของคุณเท่านั้น nawˬ paw taˍ ve yaˇ miˇ ehˉ nyiˇ g'aˇ the two little girls you have given birth to nawˬ puˍ nawˬ pi your grandparentsˬ your father-in-lawˬ your mother-in-law บรรพบุรุษของคุณ nawˬ tanˇ k'o ngaˬ yehˬ aꞈ laˬ oꞈ if you're free, come on over to my house. nawˬ tawˇ daꞈ k'o... if you're true to your word... nawˬ taˍ naˍ shiˍ k'o... if you really understand... nawˬ te gaˇ k'o, nawˬ aꞈ maˇ hk'e if you want to do it, i won't object. nawˬ teˇ cuˇ oˬ, haˆ laˬ oꞈ mehˍ hey all you guys, come here! nawˬ teˇ g'aˇ pehˆ jaˇ neˍ you're good for nothing! nawˬ tzuhˆ kuiˬ gaˆ a nyi scratch yourself where it itches. nawˬ uˉ nawˬ ta for your sakeˬ for your benefit ทำแทน nawˬ uˉ nawˬ tan for your sake ทำแทน nawˬ uˉ nawˬ tan for your sakeˬ substitute for you ตัวแทน nawˬ uˉ nawˬ tan for your sake, in order to help you nawˬ ve be staleˬ wilt, wither ของคุณ nawˬ ve (n) your (n) ของคุณ nawˬ ve awˬ lawn a ciˉ kaˇ laˇ-oˆ let me hear a little about what's been happening to you! ส่งข่าวของคุณให้ฉันด้วย nawˬ ve awˬ yaˇ miˇ suh-e ve htaꞈ ngaˬ g'a kaˇ leh, ngaˬ kaꞈ nyi ma haˍ jaˇ i was also very sad to hear that your daughter died. nawˬ ve haw hk'aˬ ma te tuˬ le how much will you charge for your elephantˉ nawˬ ve mawˇ nawˬ hk'a dehꞈ nyi loˍ cawˇ ve yoˬ you really ought to take proper care of your things. nawˬ yawˇ htaꞈ maˇ keunˍ you're not worthy of him คุณไม่เหมาะกับเขา nawꞈ bean ถั่ว nawꞈ nehˆ, nawꞈ nawꞈ nehˆ nehˆ ve be soaking wet nawꞈve grow something on one's self, bear fruit เกิดผล nawꞈve tremble slightly สั่นนิดๆ nawꞈve be well-cookedˬ soft enough to eat สุกดี นุ่ม naˆ black naˆ bawˆ ve lie in wait to shoot naˆ caw ve try out a gun naˆ chiˇve raise a gun naˆ dawˆ ve lie in ambush to kill naˆ gui (e)ve lose one's footing, slip naˆ hawˍ-e ve get one's foot caught in something naˆ hoꞈ hell naˆ hoꞈ naˆ k'ehˉ pitch dark naˆ hoꞈ-ehˬ pitch darkˬ too dark to see naˆ hpehˇve step on purposefully naˆ hpiˆ ve, naˆ yaꞈve make a misstepˬ lose one's footing naˆ k'awˍ neck of rifle naˆ keu ve step into naˆ kuiˬ place to step on, footrest, a pedal naˆ meuˉ-ehˬ dark brownˬ navy blueˬ dark purple naˆ nehˆ ve shatter underfootˬ smash by stepping on naˆ pa caw ve do target practice with a gun ปืนยิงเป้า naˆ pehˍve trample to death naˆ shiˍ poˆ ve bullet fires naˆ tawehˇ pistolˬ revolver naˆ tawˉve sew by machine naˆ tawˉ-ehˬ jet black naˆ tawˉ-ehˬ very black, jet black naˆ taˬ gun barrel naˆ tcuhˇ caˇve eat medicine, take poison naˆ tcuhˇ chi teˇ hkehˆ this packet of medicine ยาหนึ่งแผง naˆ tcuhˇ gu ve treat with medicine naˆ tcuhˇ hk'aˇ bitter medicine ยาขม naˆ teˇ hk'awˇ one gun ปืนหนึ่งกระบอก naˆ tiˍve immobilize by stepping on, hold down with the foot naˆ tiˍve hold down with the foot naˆ tsuhˆ ve rifle misfires naˆ tsuhˇ medicine, sometimes used for chemicals naˆ tsuhˇ medicineˬ drugˬ poison naˆ tsuhˇ bvuhˆ ve be over-medicated naˆ tsuhˇ caˇve take medicineˬ take poison naˆ tsuhˇ caˍ pehˍve poison someone naˆ tsuhˇ gu ve treat with medicineˬ medicate someone naˆ tsuhˇ hk'aˇ quinine naˆ tsuhˇ hpfuhˇ cost of medicine naˆ tsuhˇ juˆ fanˍ ve, g'aˆ juˆ ve inoculate, vaccinate naˆ tsuhˇ juˆ ve give an injection, inject medicine naˆ tsuhˇ juˆ ve have an injectionˬ inject medicine naˆ tsuhˇ meu-e powdered medicine naˆ tsuhˇ pawˆ ve for paint to come off naˆ tsuhˇ shaˉve have a medicinal steam bath naˆ tsuhˇ shehˍ hpaˇ doctorˬ medicine-man naˆ tsuhˇ shehˍ paˍ painter naˆ tsuhˇ shiˍ pill naˆ tsuhˇ taw ve give medicine naˆ tsuhˇ yehˬ clinicˬ hospital naˆ ve take a stepˬ step on naˆ ve lie in waitˬ lie in ambush naˆ yuˬ ve seize in ambush naˆ-ehˬ black naˆ-oˬ it's black now. it's gotten black. naˇ naˇ shaking, wobbling naˇ naˇ k'ai ve, naˇ naˇ te ve shake back and forthˬ wobble naˇve perch on naˇve shake, wobble naˉ hawˆ, laˉ hawˆ coolie hatˬ pointed straw hat naˉ hk'aˇ naˉ buiˬ densely overgrown naˉ jaˇ ve awˬ ceuˬ a mysteryˬ a deep matter naˉ leh faˉ taˍ ve yoˬ it is deep and hidden. naˉ suhˆ gawehˆ kind of cicada naˉve to be deep, thick, denseˬ steep (slope)ˬ profound (idea) naˉ ve, (v) naˉve act selfishlyˬ (v) only to please oneself naˍ foreheadˬ brow naˍ ear naˍ bawˍ, naˍ bawehˍ a well naˍ baꞈ caw ve dial a telephone number naˍ euˆ, naꞈ euˉ breast of a killed animal naˍ faiˉ tree that grows in forest used for coal naˍ g'awˇ juˬ lu earring with an ornament, pendant naˍ g'awˇ tcuhˉve put on earringsˬ wear earrings naˍ g'awˇ, naˍ g'awehˇ, naˍ vawˇ earring naˍ hk'awˇ caˆ string passed through the nose of an animal to lead it around naˍ hk'awˇ g'awˇ nose-ring (for cattle) naˍ hk'awˇ hk'aw nostril naˍ hk'awˇ htaw ve pierce the noseˬ have complete control of someone naˍ hk'awˇ htaw ve pierce the noseˬ have someone where you want him naˍ hk'awˇ k'ehˉve pick one's nose naˍ hk'awˇ leh meuˇ tip of the nose naˍ hk'awˇ meuˇ nuˇ nehˆ alae nasi (movable flaps on each side of tip of nose) naˍ hk'awˇ suhˍ tawˆ ve have a nosebleed naˍ hkehˍ k'u shinˬ tibia naˍ jaˇ, naˬ jaˇ edgeˬ rimˬ border naˍ k'aˍ foreheadˬ brow naˍ k'aˍ pui aꞈ teˍ aˍve be forced to do somethingˬ be painfully obvious that one must do something naˍ k'aˍ pui kuiˉ-ehˬ te ve wrinkle one's brow naˍ k'aˍ pui tzuhˆ ve suh-e la ve yoˬ my forehead was itching me to death. naˍ k'uˇ cehˬ banyan tree naˍ liˍ (kaˍ) suhˉ tehˆ ve set one's watch naˍ liˍ teˇ hkawehˇ half an hour ครึ่งชั่วโมง naˍ liꞈ, naˍ liˍ o'clockˬ time of dayˬ an hourˬ watchˬ clock naˍ manˇ oilˬ greaseˬ gasoline naˍ manˇ bawˍ oil well naˍ manˇ hawˉ hair oilˬ perfume naˍ manˇ pfuhˍ piˇve anoint with oil naˍ manˇ pfuhˍ piˇve anoint with oil naˍ manˇ shehˍve smear with oilˬ lubricate with grease naˍ maˇ bawˆ tuˬ ve naˆ kuiˬ accelerator pedal naˍ meuꞈ ink naˍ meuꞈ g'uiˬ tzuhˇ hpoˇ ink cartridge naˍ meuꞈ g'uiˬ tzuhˇ hpuˇ ink cartridge naˍ meuꞈ juˆ ve to tattoo naˍ meuꞈ juˆ-aˍve a tattooˬ tattoo marks naˍ meuꞈ taˬ penˬ fountain-pen naˍ meuꞈ taˬ chi fiˍ-oˬ this pen has gone dry. naˍ moˇ g'uiˬ holy water naˍ naˆ tsuh ve measure the weight naˍ paw ear หู naˍ paw cehˇ-ehˬ k'ai ve have the ears pricked up (dogs, cats, etc.) naˍ paw ci ve grate on the ears naˍ paw ci ve be annoying to the ears naˍ paw hk'aw loꞈ-e ve reach one's ears (as news, gossip) naˍ paw hpaꞈ the whole external earˬ the earlobe naˍ paw htaw ve pierce the ears naˍ paw htaw ve pierce an ear naˍ paw htaˆ ve, kaˇ puiˉ jaˇ have sharp earsˬ have keen hearing naˍ paw htaˆ ve, naˍ paw paˇve have sharp ears naˍ paw htu ve be disobedientˬ stubborn naˍ paw htu ve be disobedient naˍ paw k'aˍ-ehˬ k'ai ve, naˍ paw k'a-ehˬ te ve have one's ears droop, stick out naˍ paw k'oˍ ear-hole naˍ paw kaw-iˉ the outer ear naˍ paw koˆ gill of a fish naˍ paw laꞈ mehˍ paˉ left ear naˍ paw laꞈ sha paˉ right ear naˍ paw pawˇ paˍ deaf personˬ deaf man naˍ paw pawˇve be deaf naˍ paw pawˇve be deafˬ hurt the ears naˍ paw paˇve have keen hearing หูเบา naˍ paw tcuhˉ tuˇ the temple (in front of ear) naˍ paw tcuhˉ tuˇ temple (of the head) naˍ paw veˆ earring naˍ shaˉ caˬ ve weld together naˍve spoil (a child or animal)ˬ lure with bait naˍve difficultˬ tiring naˍ yehˬ nyiˉ-ehˬ te ve have a receding hairline naˍ yehˬ zuhˬ ve be bald naˍ yehꞈ hairline at the forehead naˍ, naˍ hk'awˇ nose naˬ awˍ, naˬ wehˍ sugarcane naˬ beuˬ severe illnessˬ the fluˬ the miseries naˬ beuˬ naˬ hk'aˇ painful illness naˬ beuˬ naˬ hk'aˇ suh-e< (curse) may he die like a dog naˬ beuˬ naˬ ve suffer from a serious illness naˬ beuˬ ngaˆ "plague-bird" - vultures and other carrion-eating birds naˬ g'uˇve be delirious (as with high fever) naˬ gawˬ ve, naˬ ve gawˬ ve be sick and miserable naˬ heuˉve cry out in painˬ scream in agony naˬ hk'anˇve groan in pain คร่ำครวญ naˬ hk'aˇve moan in painˬ cry out in pain naˬ hkehˆ diˬ ice-cube naˬ hkoˆ water bucketˬ pail for water naˬ hpanˍ a half-breed, hybrid naˬ hpeuˆ malaria naˬ hpeuˆ chi kawˆ jaˇ this kind of fever is very frightening. naˬ hpeꞈ naam phrick naˬ jawˬ ve feel pain naˬ jawˬ ve feel painˬ experience pain naˬ jaˇ k'oˆ ma it hurts a lot! naˬ jehˇve suffer, be in pain naˬ jehˇve sufferˬ be in pain naˬ kuiˬ place that hurtsˬ a woundˬ a sore naˬ la gawˬ la fall into great distressˬ fall seriously ill naˬ la gawˬ la k'o... when troubles come... naˬ maˇ na not recover from illness naˬ maˇ na puiˉ be incurably ill naˬ meuꞈ juˆ ve tattoo, be tattoed naˬ meuꞈ taˬ pen naˬ mvuhˇ naˬ taw outrageouslyˬ offensively naˬ na ve recover from illness naˬ naˆ weight naˬ naˆ hk'aˬ ma hawˇ le how much does it weighˉ naˬ pa laiˬ ocean naˬ paˆ ku ve have anemia after childbirth โลหิตจางหลังจากคลอดลูก naˬ penˇ lawˬ the mae ping river naˬ piꞈ cawˬ ve have a way with wordsˬ be highly articulate มีศิลปในการพูด naˬ shehˍ hpaˇ a sick man naˬ shehˍ ma a sick womanˬ disease-causing germ naˬ shiˍ peˆ grape naˬ shiˍ peˆ g'uiˬ grape juice naˬ suh ve die of a disease naˬ taw te ve commit immorality, be disrespectful and arrogant naˬ taw, naˬ taweh an outrageˬ an offenseˬ loose or improper behavior naˬ taw-ehˬ casuallyˬ carelesslyˬ insouciantly naˬ taw-ehˬ taˇ te, hk'e leˇ taˇ ca te-o don't do it carelessly, don't go doing it any old way! naˬ taweh naˬ taˇ with disdainˬ mockinglyˬ in a humiliating way naˬ taweh naˬ taˇ te ve mock someoneˬ humiliate someone naˬ tuˬ gawˬ tuˬ sicknessˬ misery naˬ tuˬ, naˬ tuˬ baˆ tuˬ injuryˬ wound naˬ vaꞈ maˬ ehˉ eupatoria (aggressive weed that grows in abandoned fields almost before anything else) naˬ ve be sick, ill, in pain naˬ ve ciˉ ciˉ maˇ heˆ it hurts a whole lot. naˬ, naˍ magic powerˬ supernatural power naꞈ early morning naꞈ chaweh, naꞈ shaˉ-ehˬ rather early in the morning (6 a.m.) naꞈ hkeuˉve multiply (in arithmetic) naꞈ htuiˉ, naꞈ hteuˉ respect someoneˬ believe in (a deity)ˬ worship naꞈ naꞈ suhˆ suhˆ very earlyˬ in good timeˬ in advance naꞈ tsuhˇ tawꞈ a poison naꞈ tsuhˇ tawꞈ taw ve give poison to drink naꞈ uˉ conversation, a chat naꞈ uˉ dawˆ ve have a chat naꞈ uˉ hk'a dehꞈ aˇ te piˇ hkawˇ neˍ, nawˬ it's probably because you didn't converse properly with her! คุณไม่คอยพุด naꞈ uˉ hkawˇ spoken language เสียงสนทนา naꞈ uˉ mehˬ ve be a sweet talkerˬ a good conversationalist naꞈ uˉ uˉ (daꞈ) ve, naꞈ uˉ te (daꞈ)ve have a chatˬ converse intimately naꞈve bless withˬ provide with good things naꞈ wehˍ shiˍ a piece of candy naꞈ wehˍ shiˍ teˇ htiˆ a package of candy naꞈ wehˍ, naˬ wehˍ unrefined cane sugar ne strip of fiber neh i, you (feminine) used in poetry เธอ neh ceh yaˇ ceh a betrothed couple, a courting pair neh daꞈ fair maidenˬ pretty girl nehˆ net (for badmintonˍvolleyball) nehˆ daꞈve nice and wetˬ all soaked nehˆ hk'oˆ heuˬ-e ve go over the net nehˆ hpeh ve tie the net in place nehˆ nawꞈ-ehˬ dampˬ humidˬ moist nehˆ ve be wetˬ moist ngaˬ laꞈ sheh nehˆ ve my hands are wet nehˆ ve get pulverizedˬ be reduced to fragmentsˬ shatter nehˆ yuˬ yaꞈve take the net down nehˆ-ehˬ powdery nehˉ weˬ us (red lahu) nehˉ daꞈve be stuckˍattached to each other nehˉ deh ve stick on a patch and wear nehˉ hk'awꞈ next year nehˉ hk'awꞈ (htaˇ) next year ปีหน้า nehˉ k'ai ve stick to and be carried along (burrs on clothing)ˬ spread by contact (as a disease) nehˉ keu ve mend nehˉ maˇ (v) notˍnever (v) eitherˬ though, although, even if nehˉ nyi someday (in the future) nehˉ peˆ a patch nehˉ puiˉve be stickyˬ be magnetic nehˉ tawˉ kuiˬ a patch nehˉ tawˉ ve, tawˉ nehˉve affix by sewing, sew onto nehˉve stick something intoˬ patch onto nehˬ haˉ tiˉ k'o kaˍ tiꞈ teˇ pawˆ-ehˍ kaꞈ maˇ luˬ jaw leh... since we have never once broken a promise to each other nehˬ ve be lowˬ be short nehˬ ve be young nehˬ-aˉ the two of us neuˇ nyi ve try and compare the weightˬ balance and see (which is heavier) เทียบน้ำหนักดู neuˇve weighˍbalance against each otherˬ compare weight of two things เทียบน้ำหนัก neˆ neˆ k'ai ve to limp neˇ demonˬ spirit neˇ baˬ ve, neˇ g'aꞈve cast out a spirit neˇ ca ve seek out a spirit neˇ cawˬ ve unwittingly harbor a demon neˇ caˉ daꞈve be related to evil spirits, involved in spiritism neˇ caˬ neˇ lawˇ fierce demons neˇ daꞈve be near each other neˇ geh lawˬ ve pray to a spiritˬ invoke a spirit neˇ geh ve become possessed by a spirit neˇ haiˬ the devil neˇ haiˬ sheh haiˬ evil spiritsˬ demons neˇ haiˬ ve kanˇ paˆ the power of evil spirit อำนาจของพญามาร neˇ hk'o ve summon a spirit เรียกผี neˇ hpiˆ ve, neˇ yaꞈve offend a spirit neˇ kuiˬ a nearby place neˇ mawˉ spirit doctor neˇ nyiˇ hkeh two evil spirits ผีสองตัว neˇ shoˍ k'oˬ taˍve throw away something because a spirit is attached to it neˇ tanˇve make an offering to a spirit, demon neˇ tanˇve make offerings to spirits neˇ tawˍ baˬ ve block a spiritˬ keep an evil spirit at a distance neˇ te ve worship spirits, perform animism neˇ teˇ hk'eh one spirit neˇ ve, neˇ-ehˬ be near neˇ yaˇ spirit-peopleˬ inhabitants of the spirit world neˇ-ehˬ hpehꞈ ve, neˇ-ehˬ k'ai ve beˍbecome near neˉ ve, neˉ-ehˬ have body, consistency, cohesive, chewy, sticky nga le awˉve pull gun trigger ไกรปืน ngai ve to be easy ngaw ve stupid ngaw ve enough, about right amount ngawˆ rambutan ngawˆ ehˬ upright, erect, sticking out ngawˉ daꞈ puiˉ ve awˬ g'uiˬ glue, adhesive ngawˉ daꞈve stick to each other ngawˉ puiˉve be sticky ngawˉve to stick to, to cling to ngawˉ ve, ngawˇve to stare, raise one's head to see ngawˉ-ehˬ with staring eyes ngawˉ-ehˬ te nyi ve to stare at ngaˆ bird ngaˆ gun ngaˆ awˬ dehˍ barrel of a rifle ngaˆ awˬ mvuhˍ mvuhˍve a bird sets on its eggs, nests ngaˆ awˬ shiˍ ehˉ small shotˬ buckshotˬ birdshot ngaˆ bawˆ ve shoot with a gun ngaˆ behˇ nehˆ, ngaˆ viˇ bayonet ngaˆ boˇ bolt of a rifle ngaˆ caˆ strap for rifle ngaˆ chi mehˆ g’euˆ aꞈ poˬ pawnˍ a tehˬ te ve the bird tried to fly through the glass. ngaˆ chui-ehˆ machine-gun ngaˆ dehˍ gun barrel ngaˆ ehˉ handgunˬ pistol ngaˆ hawˇve gun is heavyˬ sell a gun ngaˆ hk'aw hawˍve clean a gun ngaˆ hkawˇ noise of a gunshot ngaˆ hkawˇ jawˬ puiˉ paˍ an expert at imitating bird-calls ngaˆ hkui shiˍ k'uˉ talon of a bird เล็บนก ngaˆ htaw (keu)ve cock a rifle ngaˆ htaw caˇ paˍ a birdcatcher ngaˆ htaw ve set a bird trap ngaˆ k'oˍ a bird hole ngaˆ ka ve armed with a gun ถือปืน ngaˆ lehꞈ maˬ gun license ngaˆ mawˉ trigger-lock ngaˆ mawꞈ k'aw bird's bill, beak ngaˆ maꞈ htawˍ telescopic sight of a rifle ngaˆ mehˍ caˉ drongos ngaˆ meuˆ ve blow a whistle ngaˆ meuˍ gunpowder ngaˆ mvuh feather ngaˆ oˉ k'oˍ tip of a gunˬ gun muzzle ngaˆ oˬ dehˍ gun-barrel ngaˆ pa caw ve practice shooting at a target ngaˆ pa neh, ngaˆ puiˉ bui double-barrelled shotgun ngaˆ pehˍ htaw ve trap birds with a net ngaˆ shiˍ bullet ngaˆ tawˍ shuˍ rifle-butt ngaˆ teh ve trap birds ngaˆ toꞈve gun firesˬ rifle goes off ngaˆ tuˇ (hpehˇ)ve to fire a gun ngaˆ u bird's egg ngaˆ ve toˍ laꞈ k'uˉ bird's wing ngaˆ yehˇ ehˉ baby bird, nestling ngaˇ fish ngaˇ five ngaˇ awˬ biˆ a fin ngaˇ awˬ goˇ hkehˆ dried fish ปลาแห้ง ngaˇ biˆ tuˬ fish-hook ngaˇ biˆ ve fish with a hook and line ngaˇ ca beuˬ ve go diving for fish ngaˇ ca paˍ fisherman ngaˇ ca ve go fishing ngaˇ caˇ la piˇ te ve make fish come by offering food ngaˇ deˇ ma kind of stinging catfish ngaˇ deˇ ma stinging catfish ngaˇ diˆ diˆ cheꞈve a fish bites so that the line vibrates ngaˇ hpeh tuˬ ve geuꞈ a fishing net ngaˇ htaw ve set a baited line for fish ngaˇ htawˆ heuˆ ve hook a fish ngaˇ iˉ shiˍ explosive used in fishing ngaˇ k'oˍ fishing hole in stream ngaˇ kawˍve catch fish with a basket ไซดักปลา ngaˇ ku dried fish ปลาแห้ง ngaˇ liˉ leu swordfish ngaˇ lonˉ a whale, big fish ngaˇ maˇ pawnˍ does not faint ngaˇ mehˉ nyi loach ngaˇ mvuhꞈ ku fishbone ngaˇ nawnˉ po fishpond ngaˇ nawˉ po fishpond ngaˇ naˆ tcuhˇ dawˆ keu ve catching fish by poisoning stream ngaˇ naˆ tsuhˇ fish poison ngaˇ naˍ paw koˆ gill of a fish ngaˇ ngaˇ hkeh five fish ngaˇ nyiˉ goldfish ngaˇ nyiˉ goldfish ngaˇ pawnˍve faint, lose consciousness ngaˇ pawˍve to faint ngaˇ shaˍ fish (as food) ngaˇ shaˍ bawˆ tinned, canned fish ngaˇ shehˆ fish scale ngaˇ teˇ ca my spouse ngaˇ u fish eggs, spawn ngaˇ vuiˬ eel ngaˇ yuˬ ve to catch fish ngaˉ heuˬ-e ve go stepping over ngaˉ k'oˇve step over ข้าม ngaˉve to spread apart, open up ngaˉ-ehˬ split, spread out, forked ngaˍ piˇ ve, ngaˍ laˇve to lend ngaˍve to borrow, lend, rent ngaˍ yuˬ ve to borrow ngaˬ i, me ngaˬ a ciˉ na gaˇ kuiˬ k'awꞈ cawˬ shawˍ there are still some things i'd like to ask about, please. ngaˬ awˬ baˬ taˇ koˍ don't block my view. อย่าบังฉัน ngaˬ awˬ chawˇ htaꞈ iˉ kaˆ tuˍ piˇ ve laˇ will you baptize my friendˉ ngaˬ awˬ chawˇ mawˇ jeˬ htaˇ ngaˬ yawˇ awˬ tan g'a hkanˍ ve yoˬ. when my friend buys something on credit, i have to vouch for him. ngaˬ awˬ pon kaꞈ a ciˉ koˍ laˇ mehˍ please take him under your wing for my sake. ngaˬ awˬ to i myself ngaˬ aꞈ a ciˉ koˍ laˇ sheˍ please give me some protection! ngaˬ aꞈ kawˆ tuˬ taˇ te laˇ don't threaten me! ngaˬ aꞈ taˇ cheˬ baˬ aˉ laˇ don't leave me behind. ngaˬ beuˬ htawˇ nawˬ aꞈ maˇ yaꞈ maˇ dawˆ k'oˆ ma even if i am mad, it's no skin off your nose! ngaˬ chehˇ a tehˬ te ve yoˬ i'm planning to stay. ngaˬ chi haweyˉ htaˇ when i was a little kid, yea high ngaˬ chi teˇ maˬ heuˆ a! i want this one! ฉันจะเอาอันนี้ ngaˬ dawˇ ve lehˬ what i think is..., i think that... ngaˬ ehˉ my baby ngaˬ ha pa suhˉ venˇ hk'aw k'awꞈ k'ai tuˬ dawˇ taˍ ve yoˬ i have decided to go to town again next month. ngaˬ heuˬ-aˬ a ciˉ dehˬ a shaˍ i'm tired, i'll take a rest for a while. ngaˬ hk'aˇ ngaˬ i myself, i all by myself ngaˬ hk'e leˇ laˬ ve yoˬ came without a special reason มาเหมือนกับฉัน ngaˬ htawˇ k'ai gaˇ ve yoˬ i want to go tooˬ even i want to go. ngaˬ hui we, us ngaˬ hui awˬ pon for our sake ngaˬ hui awˬ pon tiˉ dawˇ nyi ve teˇ ceuˬ maˇ g'a cawˇ we shouldn't just think of ourselves always. ngaˬ hui aꞈ chaw maˇ shawˍ ve laˇ do you despise usˉ ngaˬ hui dawˇ ve hk'e leˇ... what we think is... คิดเหมือนฉัน ngaˬ hui hk'aˇ ngaˬ hui we ourselves, we all by ourselves ngaˬ hui hk'aˬ hk'e g'a te tuˬ ve le? what will we have to do? พวกเราจะทำอย่างไร ngaˬ hui hk'e htaˇ k'ai jaw ve vaˬ when i was your age, i used to go. ngaˬ hui laˇhuˍ naˆ hkawˇ maˇ chaweh awˍ ve laˇhuˍ nyiˉ hkawˇ pawnˍ ve yoˬ our black lahu dialect is mostly understandable to the red lahu dialect. ngaˬ hui mawꞈ k'aw geh tawˇ yaw ve we speak with our mouths. ngaˬ hui mehˆ shiˍ geh mawˬ ve we see with our eyes. ngaˬ hui teˇ hk'oˇ yaˇ our family, household ครอบครัวของเรา ngaˬ hui teˇ hpaˍ all of us ngaˬ hui ve awˬ to we ourselves ตัวของเรา ngaˬ huiˉ maˬ the two of us, both of us ngaˬ jawˇ mawˇ-oˬ sir! my lord! ngaˬ k'ai kaꞈ k'ai tuˬ yoˬ. i'll certainly go too. ฉันก็จะไป ngaˬ k'ai tuˬ yoˬ kwaˍ i most certainly will go! ฉันจะไป ngaˬ k'o... as for me... ngaˬ k'oˆ gaˇ ve awˍ, chi hk'e yoˬ. what i mean is this. ที่ฉันพูดนี้หมายความว่า ngaˬ k'oˆ ve hk'e, nawˬ g'a te ve yoˬ you must do as i say. ทำตามที่ฉันพูด ngaˬ k'oˆ ve nawˬ shiˍ aˬ laˇ do you know what i'm sayingˉ สิ่งที่ฉันพูดคุณรู้ใหม ngaˬ kaꞈ k'ai gaˇ i want to go too. ฉันอยากไปด้วย ngaˬ kiˬ jaˇ leh law maˇ hpehꞈ i'm very busy so i can't wait. ฉันยุ่ง รอไม่ได้ ngaˬ koˇhteˆ awˍ maˇ g'a k'ai jaw sheˍ i've never managed to go to bangkok yet. ngaˬ laˇ kawˆ aˬ. i'm afraid of tigers. ฉันกลัวเสือ ngaˬ laꞈ naw kuˇ jaˇ my fingers are all stiff. นิ้วของฉันเย็นมาก ngaˬ mawˇ maˇ g'a gu sheˍ i haven't got my things ready yet. ngaˬ maˉ oˬ, maˉ caˬ k'o, aˬ puˍ hk'ehˇ tehꞈ ve g'aꞈ yuˬ a nyi okay, son in law, if you're so smart, just try to catch this fart of mine! ngaˬ mehˆ keawˬ chi maˇ tcuhˉ jaw sheˍ i'm not used to wearing these glasses yet. ngaˬ mvuhˬ htaꞈ caˇ dawꞈ jaˇ ve yoˬ i ate so many mushrooms i could puke. ngaˬ nawˬ htaꞈ piˇ laˇ tuˬ yoˬ i'll give it to you. ฉันจะให้คุณ ngaˬ nawˬ hui aꞈ hto laˇ gaˇ ve teˇ hpaˍ hpaˍ some of the things i want to tell you all ngaˬ nehˉ maˇ k'ai jaw i've never gone either. ngaˬ nyi hk'aˇ maˇ suh sheˍ i'm still undecidedˬ i haven't made up my mind yetˬ i'm still satisfied ngaˬ pa oˬ father! ngaˬ paˇ neˇ taˇ laˬ don't come near me! อย่าเช้ามาใกล้ฉัน ngaˬ pi oˬ grandmother! ngaˬ shiˍ ve hk'e leˇ as far as i know เหมือนฉันรู้ ngaˬ teˇ g'aˇ tiˉ te a i'll do it by myself. ฉันจะทำเอง ngaˬ teˇ hk'oˇ my household ngaˬ teˇ shiˍ tiˉ heuˆ gaˇve i only want to get one fruit. ngaˬ tiˉ k'o as for me สำหรับฉัน แค่ฉัน... ngaˬ uˉ hkeh mvuh maˇ tcuh cawꞈ my hair isn't curly. ngaˬ uˉ ngaˬ hpawˇ my area, my fellowmen ngaˬ vaꞈ htaꞈ taˇ kawˇ laˇ don't fool around with my pigs. อย่ามาใกล้หมูฉัน ngaˬ ve awˬ chawˇ teˇ g'aˇ le le chaw daꞈ deˇ deˇ yoˬ all my friends are nice people. ngaˬ ve dawˇ hk'aˇ taˇ k'oˆ pehˍ mehˍ don't kill my idea! อย่าฆ่าความคิดของฉัน ngaˬ ve maˇ heˆ taˬ most likely not mine ngaˬ ve teˇ paˉ g'aˇve my side (team) won. ngaˬ yaˇ miˇ awˬ pon tawˆ oˍ deu teˇ maˬ te a shaˍ i'm going to make a swing for my little girl. ngeh ve be short สั้น ngeh piˇve abbreviate to shorten something lean something against ยัน lean against, recline on ngeh mui ve sit leaning against something ngeh taˍve leaning against ngehˆ bird (red lahu) ngehˆ ve whine, whimper ngehˇ (piˇ)ve to look after, care for (red lahu) ngehˇ lehˇ nasal (of a voice) ngeuˇ silver, money ngeuˇ leuˉ monthly wages ngeuˬ baˬ ve pour out, empty out ngeuˬ pfuhˍve pour something onto ngeuˬ ve pour (into container) ngoˆ pa man budget (from thai) noˆ baˬ ve snip offˬ cut off (as with scissors) noˆ kiˉ kaw blossom-headed parakeet นกแก้วหัวแพร่ noˆ tiˍve pinch tightly, hold fast as in a vise noˆ tuˬ a clampˬ a vise noˆ ve cut with an instrument having two moving partsˬ clampˬ pinch together noˇ up there, up there ahead noˇ awˍ law it's up there! noˇ kaꞈ up there บนโน้น noˇ kaꞈ up there noˇ teˇ mvuhˇ miˬ the country to the northˬ the land up aboveˬ heaven noˬ term of endearment noˬ-aˬ my dear! my friend! (between husband and wife, intimate friends) noꞈ musical note noꞈ dawˆ ve beat time (in music) noꞈ koˆ catapult noꞈ mehˆ a note in printed music noꞈ ve, noꞈ baˬ ve subtract (in arithmetic) nu place over there nu lehꞈve to kiss nu ve be moist, damp nuˆ ve cut, snip nuˇ cattle nuˇ (awˬ) tawnˇ castrated ox, steer, etc. nuˇ awˍ behˇve cow chews it's cud nuˇ cuˉ an udder, cow's milk nuˇ cuˉ cow's milk nuˇ cuˉ awˬ uˉ ma cream of cow's milk nuˇ cuˉ g'uiˬ cow's milk nuˇ cuˉ g'uiˬ awˬ diˬ butter nuˇ fuiˉ k'oˍ cow's stomachˬ tripe nuˇ ha tehˍ cow's tongueˬ a legume nuˇ hawˉ kuiˬ grazing grounds for cattle nuˇ hk'ehˇ cow dung nuˇ hkaw cow's horn เขาวัว nuˇ hkaw cow's horn nuˇ hkawˆ cattle pen nuˇ la ve softenˬ get softer nuˇ lawˬ teˇ kaˇ one oxcart เกวียนหนึ่งคัน nuˇ mawˇ old ox, old cow nuˇ mawˇ k'o mvuhꞈ naweh caˇ k'o hk'ehˇ hawˆ law if an old ox eats young grass, he gets diarrhea. (old people should act their age) nuˇ nawˉ hump on an ox's back nuˇ nehˆ-ehˍ soft and yieldingˬ relaxed nuˇ nehˬ ve patient, meek, humble nuˇ pan hut lived in when tending cattle คอกวัว nuˇ paˍ male bovine nuˇ paˍ ehˉ young bull nuˇ shaˍ beef nuˇ teˇ hk'eh vuiˬ peuˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ leh yawˇ k'oꞈ-e ve yoˬ. after buying a cow he went home. หลังจากซื้อวัวหนึ่งแล้วเขาก็กลับ nuˇ teˇ hkui cehˬ a medicinal plant nuˇve be soft, weak, gentle nuˇ-ehˉ calf nuˇ-ehˉ shaˍ veal nuˇ-ehˬ, nuˇ lehˍ softlyˬ tenderlyˬ gently nuˉ (hk'ehˇ) snotˬ phlegm nuˉ g'uiˬ snot nuˉ hk'ehˇ haw baˬ ve blow one's nose nuˉ hk'ehˇ hk'awꞈ g'awˬ ve sniff back mucus in nose สูดน้ำมูก nuˉ hk'ehˇ hpehꞈve spit up phlegm nuˉ hk'ehˇ hpuꞈ-ehˬ hpuꞈ-ehˬ te hawˬ ve cry and snivelˬ sob with one's nose running nuˉ hk'ehˇ shiˆ baˬ ve wipe one's nose nuˉ hk'ehˇ shoˇve snot drips nuˉ hk'ehˇ shoˇ-ehˬ te ve have a runny nose nuˍ sesame nuˍ cehˬ sesame plant nuˍ hpu white sesame nuˍ huˉve dry out sesame nuˍ naˆ black sesame nuˍ shiˍ sesame weed nuˍve be young nuˬ hk'aˇve have a bitter stenchˬ be acrid nuˬ ma something smelly nuˬ nyi ve sniff somethingˬ try to smell something nuˬ ve smell somethingˬ perceive by smell nuˬ-aˬ that stinks! nuꞈ caˇve live by kickbacks nuꞈ yuˬ ve take a commissionˬ take a cut of the money nuꞈ-i talking mynah bird nyi day nyi heartˬ chest nyi cehnˍve look at carefully, inspect nyi cehnˍve look at carefullyˬ inspect thoroughly nyi dawˇve have something in mindˬ intendˬ try to do something nyi daꞈ good dayˬ lucky dayˬ auspicous day nyi daꞈve take care of each other nyi daꞈve take care of each other nyi ehꞈ look! nyi guiˇ kuiˬ tourist attraction, a view, scenic view nyi guiˇve look at for fun nyi guiˇve look at for pleasureˬ tour around nyi haˍve be hard to seeˬ be ugly, an eyesore nyi haꞈ shaˉ shehˍ hpaˇ caretaker, leader, overseer, guardian nyi haꞈ shaˉve take care ofˬ assume responsiblity for nyi hk'aˇ viewpoint, opinion nyi hk'aˇ view pointˬ opinion nyi hk'aˇ hk'a suh-ehˍ te tcuh ve satisfy someone, placate someone ให้ทำจนพอใจ nyi hk'aˇ hk'a suh-ehˍ te ve be satisfied, be agreed on something ทำให้พอใจ nyi hk'aˇ suh (-ehˬ) te ve be satisfiedˬ to satisfy someone, to please someone nyi hk'aˇ suh ve come to an agreement พอใจ nyi hk'aˇ suh ve be agreed, settled, decidedˬ be willing to do something nyi hk'aˇ suh ve hk'e as one likesˬ as one pleases nyi hpfuhˆ ve be turned against somethingˬ be disgusted with nyi k'awꞈ mehˆ naˆ treat people heartlessly nyi k'awꞈ mehˆ naˆ be indifferent to the misfortune of others nyi k'o, mawˬ tuˬ hehˉ if you look you'll probably see it. nyi kuˇ rib, spoke nyi kuˇ awˬ kaˍ hpawˇ between the ribs nyi kuˇ aꞈ yuˬ leh yaˇ miˇ ma htaꞈ hpanˍ leh aˍdanˍ htaꞈ piˇ ve yoˬ. he took a rib and created the woman and gave her to adam. nyi kuˇ hpawˇ side of the bodyˬ the ribs nyi leh naˆ hkawꞈ daꞈve red and black mixed together. nyi loˍve take proper care ofˬ supervise something nyi ma heart nyi ma paiˉve be cleverˬ brightˬ quick-witted nyi ma (hk'aw) cawˇve be to one's likingˬ be pleasing, satisfying, agreeableˬ suit one's wishes nyi ma awˬ tawˬ hk'a gaˬ to the bottom of one's heart สุดหัวใจ nyi ma awˬ tawˬ hk'a gaˬ from the bottom of one's heart nyi ma beuꞈve be angryˬ be nauseous nyi ma biˇve be in full possession of one's faculties nyi ma canˇve feel hate, have hate in one's heart nyi ma cawˇ daꞈve agree with each other nyi ma cawˇ tcuh piˇve satisfy someoneˬ placate someone nyi ma cawˬ ve be interested in something nyi ma cheˆ-ehˬ k'ai ve be startledˬ have a twinge in heart nyi ma chu-i ve be impatient, in a hurry to do something nyi ma chu-iˉve have an evil heart nyi ma dawˇ yeˬ gaˇ yeˬ ve be broad-mindedˬ tolerantˬ be calm nyi ma dawˇ zuhˬ gaˇ zuhˬ ve be painstakingˬ thoughtful and careful nyi ma daꞈve be of good characterˬ be kind nyi ma g'eu ve be angry at what someone has done to another nyi ma gawˬ lehꞈ te ve be calmˬ act calmlyˬ be relaxed nyi ma ha lehˬ ve be gladˬ happy nyi ma haiˬ ve be wicked-heartedˬ evil nyi ma haw haw chiˆ chiˆ te ve be extremely upsetˬ be all hot and bothered about something nyi ma haw naˬ cheꞈ naˬ ve be in anguishˬ suffer great mental distress nyi ma haw ve be worriedˬ be all worked up about somethingˬ have a hot temperˬ have heartburn nyi ma hawˇ buiˬ ve be heavy-heartedˬ be sick with worry nyi ma hawˍ (daꞈ)ve agree with each otherˬ be in accord nyi ma haˆ ve be boldˬ daring nyi ma haˍve be sadˬ grievedˬ upsetˬ disappointedˬ long for someoneˬ feel sorry for someoneˬ sympathize with someone nyi ma haꞈ hanˉve be brave-heartedˬ courageous nyi ma heh ve be hard-heartedˬ callousˬ stubbornˬ inflexible nyi ma hk'aw in one's heart nyi ma hk'aw cawˇ daꞈve like each other nyi ma hk'aw hkaˇ ehˬ k'ai ve be startled, alarmed โล่งอกโล่งใจ nyi ma hkoˇ suh ve die of a broken heart (emotional cause) nyi ma hkoˇve broken heart อกหัก nyi ma hkoˇ-e ve have a broken heart nyi ma hpawˇ sha ha lehˬ ve be happy and content nyi ma hpehꞈve be brave nyi ma hpu ve have a pure heart nyi ma htawˇ dawˇ nawˬ dawˇ k'ai ve keep changing one's mind, hesitant, reluctant to make a decision nyi ma htawˇ dawˇ nawˬ dawˇ k'ai ve keep changing one's mindˬ vacillate beack and forth in one's thinking nyi ma htaˇ daꞈ hawˍ daꞈve be in perfect accord with nyi ma htaꞈ dawˇ cawˇve please someone, satisfy someone nyi ma htaꞈ dawˇ cawˇve please someoneˬ satisfy someone nyi ma htaꞈ heuˆ ve for something to hit homeˬ for something to make deep impression nyi ma hteˇve be honest nyi ma hui (daꞈ)ve be in harmonyˬ have a meeting of the minds nyi ma i ve be cowardlyˬ be timidˬ be bashful nyi ma juˆ ve be shocked, upset by something nyi ma juˆ ve be shockedˬ be very upset by something nyi ma k'a pui chestˬ breast nyi ma k'a pui hpawˇ cardiac region (side of the chest where the heart is) nyi ma k'a pui nyiˉ-ehˬ ve a naked torso, a bare chest nyi ma k'aw daꞈve happy relationship together สัมพันธภาพดี nyi ma k'aw daꞈve be in harmonyˬ have a mutually happy relationship nyi ma k'awꞈve be crookedˬ dishonestˬ deviousˬ evil minded nyi ma kehˬ ve have a pure heartˬ have peace of mind nyi ma kinˇve be tense, anxious nyi ma kiˇve be mentally tenseˬ be wound tight with anxiety nyi ma kiˍve be impatientˬ be flustered, rattled nyi ma lawˇ nyi ve investigate someone feelings nyi ma lehˍve warm-heartedˉ ใจอุ่น nyi ma luˬ piˇ ve, nyi ma luˬ tuˬ te ve discourage someoneˬ make someone sad nyi ma luˬ ve be depressedˬ downheartedˬ discouraged nyi ma maˇ biˇ not be all thereˬ be an imbecile nyi ma maˇ biˇ ve chaw mentally retarded personˬ nyi ma maˇ haˆ be timidˬ faint-hearted nyi ma maˇve be inconstant, distractable nyi ma maˇ yeˬ vacillateˬ hesitate nyi ma naˬ tuˬ te ve offend someoneˬ cause someone mental anguish nyi ma naˬ ve be grievedˬ sorrowfulˬ heartsick nyi ma ngeh ve be short-temperedˬ have a short attention span nyi ma nuˇ nehˬ ve be patient, calm, humble nyi ma nuˇve be tiredˬ worn out nyi ma nuˇve be tiredˬ worn out nyi ma nyiˇ hk'aˇ dawˇve be of two mindsˬ have mixed emotions nyi ma pa ve change one's mind nyi ma pa ve change one's mind, have a change of heart เปลี่ยนใจ nyi ma pfuhˇve be interested inˬ be enthusiastic about nyi ma pui chestˬ breast nyi ma pui htanˬ tuˬ breastplate nyi ma sha daꞈve be happyˬ be content nyi ma sha tuˬ htoꞈ piˇ g'a piˇ mehˍ allow him to meet with happiness! nyi ma sha tuˬ te piˇve do something to make someone happy nyi ma sha ve be happyˬ easy in one's mindˬ contented nyi ma shiˍ heart (physical organ) nyi ma shiˍ cheꞈ naˬ ve bear resentment nyi ma shiˍ hkawˇve have a heart attack nyi ma shiˍ hkoˇve have a heart attack หัวใจสลาย nyi ma shoꞈ shaꞈ te ve bother someoneˬ exasperate someone nyi ma shoꞈ shaꞈve be botheredˬ annoyed nyi ma taˇ haw take it easy! nyi ma taˍve keep control of one's emotionsˬ keep calmˍcool nyi ma tcuhˉve be interested inˬ preoccupied with nyi ma teˇ shiˍ one heartˬ a single heartˬ undivided attentionˬ singleness of purpose nyi ma teˇ shiˍ tiˉ taˍve concentrate one's efforts, united in spirit with others nyi ma teˇ shiˍ tiˉ te ve be united in feeling with othersˬ concentrate on nyi ma uiˍ nyi ma mvuh proud and haughtyˬ agressively nyi ma uiˍve proud (neg.), courageous มั่นใจ, ใจป้ำ, กล้าหาญ nyi ma uiˍve be courageousˬ brave nyi ma vaiˇve have a quick temperˬ be hot-headed nyi ma yeˬ ve be steadfastˬ faithfulˬ dependable nyi ma zuh ve be steadyˬ even-temperedˬ calm nyi ma zuhˆ ve be angry nyi ma zuhˬ ve be carefulˬ perseveringˬ be slow to angerˬ be patient nyi mawˬ ve look at and see nyi maˇ cehnˍ be unobservant nyi maˇ mawˬ cannot seeˬ can't find nyi maˇ shiˍ look at something without understanding what it is nyi naˉve consider things from selfish point of viewˬ want everything one see's for himself nyi piˇ ve, nyi piˇ ga piˇve take care ofˬ look after nyi sha ve interesting to look atˬ good-lookingˬ take care ofˬ look out for nyi taˆ ve look upward nyi ve look at nyi ve koˍve take under one's protectionˍwingˬ look after carefully nyi-ehꞈ look here..., you see... nyiˇ two nyiˇ (clf) teˇ (clf) the second (clf) nyiˇ ceuˬ two kinds nyiˇ ceuˬ ceuˬ both kinds nyiˇ ceuˬ teˇ ceuˬ the second thing nyiˇ chi twenty nyiˇ chi twenty nyiˇ g'aˇ g'aˇ both people nyiˇ ha laˆ hk'e about 20 miles ประมาณสองร้อยไมล์ nyiˇ ha laˆ hk'e vuiˇ kuiˬ lo at a place about 200 miles distant ไกลประมาณสองร้อยไมล์ nyiˇ hkuˇ baˉ tawˍ aˍ ve mvuhˇ miˬ a country divided into two parts nyiˇ kaˬ two places สองที่ nyiˇ nyi teˇ pawˆ every other dayˬ every two days nyiˇ paˉ paˉ both sides nyiˇ pun g'a k'awꞈ saiˍ ve yoˬ we have to pay back double as compensation. ใช้คืนสองส่วน nyiˇ pun maˇ la ve to doubleˬ become twice as muchˍmany มากสองเท่า nyiˇ pun uiˍve be twice as big ใหญ่สองเท่า nyiˇ shinˉ hk'a gaˬ for two weeks ถึงสองสัปดาห์ nyiˉ red, become red nyiˉ baˬ ve scoop out and throw away nyiˉ baˬ ve squeeze out and discard nyiˉ cehꞈve crush by pressingˬ squashˬ mash nyiˉ cuˉve press tightly into place nyiˉ cuˉve press something tightly into place nyiˉ dawˬ ve scoop out and drink nyiˉ dawˬ ve squeeze out and drink nyiˉ ehˬ hpehꞈve become red กลายเป็นสีแดง nyiˉ ka ve immobilize by pressing against จับไม่ปล่อย nyiˉ ka ve immobilize by pressing against something nyiˉ keu hiˆ keu press something in and shake it down nyiˉ leh tiˇ pehˍve turn off by pressing a button nyiˉ lehꞈve force someone to provide something to eat nyiˉ naw dark red nyiˉ paˉve squeeze something flat nyiˉ paꞈve to rape nyiˉ pehˍve strangleˬ chokeˬ be crushed nyiˉ shi orangeˬ reddish yellow nyiˉ shu orangeˬ light brown nyiˉ tawˆ ve squeeze out nyiˉ te ve force someone to do somethingˬ coerce someone nyiˉ tiˍve immobilize by pressing or squeezing nyiˉ tuˬ place to pressˬ thing for pressingˬ button nyiˉve scoop upˬ dip out nyiˉve squeezeˬ press nyiˉ yeꞈve squeeze and rub nyiˉ yuˬ ve take by dippingˬ skim off nyiˉ yuˬ ve grab hold ofˬ seizeˬ take by force nyiˉ-ehˬ ve aˉ poꞈ a red shirt nyiˉ-ehˬ ve maˇ heˆ k'o, maˇ pehˆ k'ai it hasn't faded except of the red. nyiˍ (hk'ehꞈ), nyiˍ taˍ penis nyiˍ dawˆ ve masturbate nyiˍ hk'ehˇ semenˬ spermˬ smegma nyiˍ hk'ehˇ, awˬ yawˇ sperm อสุจิ nyiˍ hk'ehꞈ penis องคชาติ nyiˍ mvuh male pubic hair nyiˍ shiˍ hpui scrotum nyiˍ shiˍ piˉve cut off the testicles, castrate ทำให้เป็นขันที nyiˍ u tehˆ testicle nyiˍ u tehˉ, nyiˍ shiˍ testicles ooˇ dawˇ aˇ tawˆ o yaˇ-o oh, i can't figure out what to do! oˇ (awˬ) nu awˍ over there (quite a distance away) oˇ awˍ hk'a gaˬ k'ai keep going until you get there. ให้ไปถึงโน่นเลยนะ oˇ awˍ laˇhuˍ yaˇ pehˇ-aˆ hey, there are some lahu over there! oˇ awˍ tawˬ tawˬ nawˆ cawˬ kuiˬ nawˬ taˆ a nyi. try climbing up over there where there are steps. oˇ hpawˇ a ciˉ jiˆ mui sit a little bit over, please. oˇ hpaˇ tuˬ jaˇ that guy's really stingy oˇ htaˇ that timeˬ those days oˇ htaˇ gaˬ k'o when that time comes... oˇ htaˇ yoˬ that was the very time (it happened) oˇ hui that size ขณะนั้น oˇ ma that much เท่านั้น oˇ paˉ yonder, overthere ฝั่งโน้น oˇ paˉ that side ด้านนั้น oˇ paˉ hpawˇ that area over there ฝั่งโน้น oˇ taw taw to that extentˬ so very much oˇ teˇ (clf) baˬ over in the next (clf)ˉˉˉ oˇ teˇ hkui htaꞈ tanˬ leh... from that moment on... oˇ teˇ shinˉ maˇ gaˬ sheˍ htaˇ before next week ก่อนสัปดาห์นั้น oˇ teˇ shinˉ maˇ gaˬ sheˍ htaˇ the week before last oˇ ve awˍ na maˇ taˬ-oˬ i'm tired of hearing about that. oˇ ve awˍ teˇ g'aˇ le le shiˍ taˍ ve hehˉ everybody probably knows that already. oˇ ve aꞈ nyi< look at that! oˇ ve hpaˇ that guy ของคนนั้น oˇ ve ngaˬ ca hkanˍ maˇ g'a i just can't bear that. อันนั้นฉันทนไม่ได้ oˇ ve ti mi ngaˬ aꞈ maˇ piˇ gaˇ k'o, ngaˬ shu awˬ mehˍ mi ve aꞈ k'awꞈ heuˆ a. if you don't want to give me that field, i'll take the one below everybody else's instead. oˇ ve yehˬ aˬ miˍ toꞈ chehˇve that house is on fire. oˉ k'oˍ aꞈ htawˇ hpuˆ nawˬ hpuˆ te ve turn one's head from side to side oˉ k'oˍ aꞈ teˍ aˍve be forced to do somethingˬ be painfully obvious that one must do something oˉ k'oˍ chiˇve shave one's head oˉ k'oˍ gaˆ ve scratch one's head oˉ k'oˍ guiˬ scalp oˉ k'oˍ heh ve hard headed หัวแข็ง oˉ k'oˍ hk'ehˇ hk'aw pa ve reverse the front and backˬ turn completely around กลับหัว oˉ k'oˍ hkaꞈ-ehˬ ve a sparse head of hair oˉ k'oˍ k'ehꞈve be bald หัวถลอก oˉ k'oˍ maˇ nawˇ maˇ hteh hpehꞈ k'ai be dizzyˬ have one's head spin oˉ k'oˍ maˇ nawˇ naˇ hteh be dizzyˬ have one's head spin oˉ k'oˍ meuˇ a spout (teakettle) ปลาย oˉ k'oˍ mvuh ciˇve hair stands on end oˉ k'oˍ naˬ ve have a headache oˉ k'oˍ noˆ ve cut one's hair ตัดผม oˉ k'oˍ noˆ ve cut one's hair oˉ k'oˍ nyiˉ-ehˬ ve a bald head oˉ k'oˍ paˉ-ehˍ te ve have a flattened head ทำให้หัวแบน oˉ k'oˍ ponˬ ve (puiˍ poiˇ ve) save oneself oˉ k'oˍ puiˍve comb hair oˉ k'oˍ shiˉ-ehˬ blond hair ผมสีเหลิอง oˉ k'oˍ tawˆ ve behead, decapitate oˉ k'oˍ tawˉ-ehˬ k'ai ve haveˍget a splitting headache (migraneˉ) oˉ k'oˍ tsuhˇ tuˬ ve naꞈ tsuhˇ shampoo แชมพู oˉ koˆ skull กะโหลก oˉ k’oˍ pfuhˬ geu te ve have unkempt hair oꞈ chiˇve to brag, boast pa target เป้า pa (v) daꞈve to (v) by turns pa bawˆ ve shoot at a target ยิงสลับกัน pa caw jawˬ ve have target practice pa caw ve have target practice pa caw ve, pa caw jawˬ ve shoot at targetˬ have target practice ยิงเป้า pa daˇ k'oˍ kind of small, edible black fish ปลาก้า pa daꞈve trade with each otherˬ exchange pa daꞈve exchange something for something else, switch things around เปลี่ยนกัน pa daꞈve take turnsˬ switch with one another เปลี่ยนกัน pa faˉ softshelled turtle ตะพาบน้ำ pa faˉve hide something by changing its location, change something (from former state) เปลี่ยนที่ซ่อง pa hk'awꞈve return something to be exchanged เปลี่ยนคืน pa hpawˇ relatives on one's father's sideˬ paternal lineage pa htuˇ kind of dried salted fish ปลาทู pa kawˍ laˉ kind of fish ปลาหลี pa kaˆ canned fishˬ tinned fish ปลากระป๋อง pa kaˆ juˆ tuˬ a fish-can opener pa kaꞈ broadcastˬ announce on the radio ประกาศ pa kehˬ pa caˆ kind of sucker fish ปลาดูด pa laiˉ maˬ teh ve set up several targets วางเป้าหลายอัน pa liˉ black lahu (as called by red or yellow lahu) pa lo ma dolphin ปลาโลมา pa luˆ catfish ปลาดุก pa nai small, thin, smooth white fish ปลาไน pa pa daddyˬ papa (child language) พ่อ pa piˇ htaiˍ piˇve cause something to be changed เปลี่ยนผ้า pa taiˇ rabbitˬ hare กระต่าย pa taw because ofˬ due toˬ thanks to เพราะ pa teh ve set up a target วางเป้า pa vaˬ whale ปลาวาฬ pa ve exchangeˬ tradeˬ barter เปลี่ยน, แลก pa ve htaiˍve changeˬ undergo alterations pa yehˇve use something by turnsˬ take turns using something เปลี่ยนใช้ pa yeˬ eelˬ swamp eel ปลาไหล pa, ngaˇ fish ปลา pan hutˬ small house set up in fields, hunting campsite เต็น, กระโจม pan haˉ problem ปัญหา pan haˉ cawˬ ve have a problemˬ for there to be problems มีปัญหา pan haˉ taˇ cawˬ tcuh don't let there be any problems. อย่าให้มีปัญหา pan teˇ pan one hutˬ a hut กระท่อมหนึ่งหลัง paw ce ve be born paw haˍve give birth with difficulty paw haˬ paˍ man whose engagement has been called offˬ divorced manˬ widower paw heuˇ a, paw heuˇ paˍ householderˬ family manˬ adult man paw hkuˇ witch doctor หมอผี paw hkuˇ priestˬ spirit-doctor paw hkuˇ lonˉ high priest paw hkuˇ pawˬ la ve be called to be a spirit doctor paw hkuˇ uˉ tcuhˍ kind of conical hat with a pom-pom paw hoˆ tehˉ pocket paw htawˍ old man (respectful) paw htawˍ old man (respectful) paw htoˆ sha htoˆ layers of wealth paw jaˇ many are born paw k'oˍ lidded basket or box paw kanˬ paˍ merchantˬ trader paw la ve be bornˬ come into the world paw leˬ shiˍ tomato paw leˬ, paw leˍ sirˬ bossˬ mister (respectful address) paw nehˇ woodpecker paw nehꞈ k'awehˍ snailˬ slug paw nyi birthdayˬ day of one's birth paw sha kuiˬ successˬ prosperity paw sha la ve become prosperous paw sha paˍ rich man paw sha ve be born easilyˬ be prosperous, well off, fortunate paw suh ve be stillbornˬ die at birth paw ta sha ta all comforts, everything needed for good life paw ta sha ta wealthˬ all manner of riches paw ve be bornˬ give birth toˬ be in labor paw ve be flat and rounded paw ve sha ve pleasantˬ comfortableˬ prosperous pawehˇ jiˇve get all dressed up for a festival pawnˇ g'aw ve multiply (arithmetic) pawnˇ k'oˆ ve say togetherˬ form a single word or expression pawnˇ naˬ ve ache all over pawnˇve mix withˬ combineˬ add toˬ join together pawnˍ ca ve seek to fathom the significance ofˬ seek to gain power through understanding pawnˍ daꞈve understand each other pawnˍ g'a ve reach all the way pawnˍve penetrateˬ go throughˬ reach all the way pawnˍ-e kuiˬ, pawnˍ kuiˬ meaningˬ significanceˬ explanation pawˆ timeˬ occasionˬ instance pawˆ spring-like part of a trap pawˆ cheuˇve leap, jump high pawˆ cheuˇve leapˬ jump high pawˆ cu ve jump around pawˆ hk'ehˬ ve jump from place to placeˬ dance imitating fencing combat pawˆ hk'eˆ ve jump aroundˬ dance around noisily pawˆ hkehˬ ve jump from place to place กระโดดแข่ง pawˆ hpfuhˆ ve turn and jumpˬ jump in the opposite direction pawˆ hteˆ pawˆ hteˆ te ve keep bouncing up (as something in the water) pawˆ hteˆ pawˆ hteˆ te ve bounceˬ jump up and down pawˆ hteˆ ve bouncing up pawˆ jawˆ ve bounce up and down (on horseback, bumpy road, etc) pawˆ jawˆ ve bounce up and down pawˆ k'ai ve go jumpingˬ gallop pawˆ k'uˉve jump up and hang on pawˆ keu ve jump into pawˆ lawˆ pawˆ lawˆ te ve hop around pawˆ naˆ ve jump onto pawˆ naˆ ve jump onto pawˆ peu ve jump to a new spot pawˆ ve jump pawˆ ve come out, be removedˬ come clean pawˇ be deafˬ be deafening pawˇ lawˆ k'uˉ an infected scabˬ an ulcerˬ running sore pawˇ lawˆ k'uˉ tcuhˉve have an ulcer, running sore pawˇ naˬ ve ache all over pawˇve be cheapˬ inexpensive pawˇ yiˬ a cleared-off area pawˇ-ehˬ blazingly (of a fire) pawˍ jaˆ ve leak through something pawˍ kuiˬ juˆ maˍ ve awˬ mehˆ parentheses วงเล็บ() pawꞈ (hpeuꞈ)ve have convulsions, a seizure pawꞈ maˇ hpeuꞈ not have convulsions paˆ pitfall พัง paˆ (v)ve verb intensifier paˆ ce la ve collapse and come falling down พังลงมา paˆ hawˬ ve cry bitterlyˬ wailˬ sob ร้องให้คร่ำครวญ paˆ shoˇ trickling copiously ใหลย้อย paˆ taˍve ordain and establish, command with lasting effect paˆ taˍve fatedˬ ordainedˬ established (animist) พังแล้ว paˆ teh ve trap game by a pitfall พัง paˆ uiˍ paˆ i k'ai ve to be of unequal size ขนาดเล็กขนาดใหญ่ paˆ ve crackˬ come undoneˬ collapseˬ fall apart พัง paˆ ve (animist) order, command, ordain paˆ zuhˬ paˆ ngeh hpehꞈve be of unequal lengths ไม่เท่ากัน paˇ nearby placeˬ vicinity ใกล้ paˇ lower part of the faceˬ chinˬ jawˬ cheek ใกล้ paˇ g'uiˬ droolˬ slobber น้ำลายเหย paˇ henˇve study in a group เลียนแบบ paˇ jaˇ laˇ dewlap เหนียงสัตว์ paˇ k'awˍ buiˇ whiskersˬ a bushy beard เคราแหลม, หนวดแมว paˇ k'euˆ leuˆ chin คาง paˇ k'euˆ leuˆ, paˇ pi (li) chin คาง paˇ kaˇ jawˬ cheek คาง paˇ kaˇ htaw keu-e ve for the jaw to be dislocated paˇ kaˇ htaw keu-e ve have a dislocated jaw ขากรรไกรค้าง paˇ kaˇ kuˇ ve a naˬ lockjawˬ tetanus บาดทะยัก paˇ tcuhˆ beardˬ moustacheˬ whiskers หนวด paˇ tcuhˆ chiˇve shave one's beard paˇve be thinˬ be sharpˬ be keen บาง paˇve bring someone alongˬ take another person along with one เอาคนอื่นไปด้วย paˇve bring someone alongˬ join others in doing something ร่วมกับคนอื่น paˇ-ehˍ thinˬ scrawnyˬ sharp บาง paˉ sideˬ part ด้าน paˉ bo lo, piˉ bo lo katydidˬ locust จิ้งหรีด paˉ ceꞈ grasshopper ตั๊กแตน paˉ ceꞈ hkui grasshopper leg ขาตั๊กแตน paˉ ceꞈ hkui kuˇ gear and trigger lever (part of a rifle mechanism) ขาดีดตั๊กแตน paˉ ceꞈ lonˉ locust ตั๊กแตน paˉ hpawˇ areaˬ regionˬ part paˉ nuˇ dung beetleˬ flying horned beetle แมลงกุดจี่ paˉ paˉ (te toˇ ve) (walk all) bent over ด้อมๆ มองๆ paˉ pehˬ k'u tadpole ลูกอ๊อด paˉ, hpawˇ clf for one of a pairˬ for sidesˬ for aspectsˬ for parties, factions ฝั่ง, ฝ่าย paˉ-ehˍ flattenedˬ flat and elongated เรียบแบน paˍ frogˬ toad กบ paˍ a maleˬ masculine noun-suffixˬ nominalizer (neutral as to gender) ผู้, เพศผู้ paˍ something wildˬ forestˬ woods paˍ bawˆ ve fall face downˬ fall on one's face หมอบยิง paˍ chuˇ k'oˆ kind of a toad คางคก paˍ diˬ k'uˉ tadpole ลูกอ๊อด paˍ gaˍ rotorˬ propeller paˍ gaˍ oˇ ve gehˬ miˇ chehˇve that rotor is spinning around fast. paˍ hkoˇ e ve fall and break ล้มแตก paˍ jaˍ mouth-organˬ harmonicaˬ accordion หีบเพลง paˍ keu ve fall intoˬ fall in someone's way ล้มใส่ paˍ koˆ kind of a frog อึ่งอ่าง paˍ lawˇ kind of tall grass found in old fields paˍ paˍ k'uˉ tu nyi dragon fly แมลงปอ paˍ puiˉve be able to fall ล้มได้ paˍ sheˆ ve fall over and spill (as liquid in a container) ล้มแล้วหก paˍ taˍve be crushed by a falling object paˍ taˍ ve kawˉ faiˇ a ciˉ k'awꞈ cawˍ laˇ mehˍ please set the lamp that fell over upright again. paˍ teh ve to trap an animal by pitfall paˍ teh ve fall over and stay putˬ remain where fell โค่นล้ม paˍ tehˉ nehˆ kind of small frog เขียด paˍ tehˉ nehˆ u frog's eggsˬ tapioca ไข่เขียด paˍ teˍve be crushed by a falling object ล้มทับ paˍ tu doorˬ gateway ประตู paˍ tuˍve fall into a liquid ตกน้ำ paˍ ve, paˍ-e ve fall overˬ fall flat from an upright position ล้ม paˍ viˇ civet catˬ tree civetˬ palm civet อีเห็น paˍ yawˬ nyi salamander สัตว์คล้ายกิ้งก่า paˍ zuhꞈ shiˍ pimpleˬ acne สิว paˍ-eh ve, paˍ ngeh ve prop something up to keep it from falling เอนหลัง paˍ-oˍ kaꞈ ce ve fall crashing downˬ fall from a height and end up flat ล้มแล้วตก paˍleˆ, taꞈ noꞈ police ตำรวจ paˬ euˆ a naˬ hiccups as an illness โรคสะอึก paˬ ve penetrateˬ go through paꞈ daꞈve copulate paꞈ guiˇve to have casual intercourse pe spleen peh forkˬ crotch peh aˬ shawˍ that's still plenty. peh jaˇ maˇ jaˇ be plentiful and abundant peh k'ai ji k'ai ve increaseˬ become more numerous peh ve tie up with a clothˬ tie into a cloth bundle peh ve be plentifulˬ abundantˬ numerous pehˆ caˇve charge somethingˬ buy something on credit pehˆ choˆ-o tasteless, insipidˬ barren pehˆ nehˆ be shallowˬ slightly concave pehˆ ve sparkle, crackle (of a fire) pehˆ ve dissipateˬ lose its powerˬ be tasteless pehˇ beeˬ waspˬ hornetˬ beeswax candle pehˇ raft pehˇ powder pehˇ taro pehˇ awˬ dawˇ pui swarm of bees pehˇ awˬ viˇ htaꞈve be stung by a beeˍwasp pehˇ awˬ viˇ htaꞈve be stung by a bee pehˇ aˆ peekaboo! pehˇ cheꞈve a bee stings pehˇ cheꞈve a beeˍbee's sting pehˇ g'awˆ ve row a raft pehˇ g'uiˬ honey pehˇ g'uiˬ hk'e chaw ve be as sweet as honey pehˇ g'uiˬ hk'e chaw ve be as sweet as honey pehˇ g'uˬ li bumblebee pehˇ gaˇ hpuˇ tree-wasp's next pehˇ gaˬ ve bees arrive, come and form a new nest pehˇ hawˉ talcum powder, baby powder pehˇ hawˍ beeswaxˬ beeswax candle pehˇ hawˍ hkeh candle wick ใส้เทียน pehˇ hawˍ hkeh candle-wick pehˇ hawˍ keu kuiˬ candle-holder pehˇ hawˍ taˬ candle pehˇ haˉ awˬ hk'aw compartment in a honeycomb pehˇ hk'awˇ nawˍ hk'awˇ beeswax candles pehˇ hpuˇ chiˆ ve to smoke out a wasp's nest pehˇ htawˍve to pole a raftˬ punt a raft pehˇ jawˇ mawˇ ma a queen bee pehˇ jawˇ mawˇ ma queen bee pehˇ k'oˍ beesnest in hollow tree pehˇ ku bee's nestˬ hornet's nest pehˇ law ve drift downstream on a raft pehˇ ma honeybee pehˇ ma awˬ dawˇ pui a swarm of honeybees pehˇ mehˍ pi deˇ puiˉ aˬ you might get stung by a hornet! pehˇ nawˉ diˬ honeycomb pehˇ nawˉ diˬ, pehˇ haˉ honeycomb pehˇ po beehive pehˇ po k'oˍ, pehˇ hpuˇ beehiveˬ beesnest pehˇ pui kind of bee that makes excellent honey pehˇ teˇ hpoˆ a hive of beesˬ a swarm of bees pehˇ toˆ ve apportion somethingˬ divide something upˬ allocate tasks pehˇ toˍve tie a thread to a beeˍwasp and follow it to it's hive pehˇ toˍve tie a thread to a beeˍwasp and follow it throught the jungle to it's hive pehˇ tuˉ paˍ a spirit-worshipper, an animist pehˇ tuˉ paˍ an animist lahu pehˇ tuˉ teh ve, pehˇ tuˉ nehˉve burn a candle and stick it onto something pehˇ tuˉve light a beeswax candle, worship a spirit by lighting candle pehˇ tuˬ giant wasp with a red head pehˇ tuˬ ma ve find a wasp's nest by attaching something to it and following it pehˇ u bee's egg pehˇve be enough pehˇ viˇ, pehˇ awˬ viˇ stinger of bee pehˇ yehˇve use sparinglyˬ use economicallyˬ use just enough of pehˇ-ehˬ k'ai ve get scattered pehˇ-oˬ that's enough already. pehˉ locative morpheme pehˉ aˆ over thereˬ thataway pehˉ daꞈve crossed over each other pehˉ htaꞈve cross two objects and fasten them pehˉ k'ai ve to spread (a disease) pehˉ keu yuˬ leh iˉ kaˆ che ve filter water through a rag pehˉ keu, yaˇ pehˉ keu swaddling cloth pehˉ tiˉ pehˉ shan each go their own way กระจัดกระจาย pehˉ tiˉ pehˉ shan k'ai ve be dispersedˬ scattered pehˉve cross two objectsˬ cross something overˬ fold something over pehˍ netˬ web pehˍ htaw ve set a net-trapˬ trap with a net pehˬ sidewaysˬ beside pehˬ baꞈ le a hillside slope pehˬ caˇve share and eat pehˬ daꞈ hti daꞈve share with one another pehˬ daꞈve share with one another pehˬ jawꞈ relatively low land alongside a river pehˬ jawꞈ= pehˬ le relatively level land alongside a river pehˬ k'awˍ lawˍ hpawˇ sidewaysˬ diagonally pehˬ k'u swellingˬ protuberanceˬ goiter pehˬ k'u nawꞈve have a goiter pehˬ keu ve divide up and add to each person's stock pehˬ lawꞈ hti lawꞈve be enough to divide up and enjoy pehˬ piˇ ve, pehˬ laˇve share withˬ distribute pehˬ piˬ k'u chicken's breast pehˬ pui cropˬ crawˬ chestˬ breast pehˬ puiˉ fuiˍ puiˉ know how to divide up equallyˬ be discerning pehˬ shaˉ sandy area beside a river or lakeˬ lakeshore pehˬ tawˆ ve share something out pehˬ tawˬ laꞈ tawˬ hk'a dehꞈ je piˇ mehˍ please give everybody his proper share! pehˬ tawˬ laꞈ tawˬ ve equallyˬ everyone the same pehˬ teh leuˆ teh ve sorth things out pehˬ teh leuˆ teh ve sort things out pehˬ toˆ ve apportion somethingˬ divide something upˬ allocate, assign tasks pehˬ ve divideˬ shareˬ distribute pehˬ yehˇve share the use of somethingˬ use something in common pehˬ yuˬ ve divide and takeˬ take one's share pehˬ zuh sideways pehꞈ clf for unit of moneyˬ hundredth of a rupee pehꞈ hk'aˇ sexual immoralityˬ promiscuity pehꞈ hk'aˇ tzuhˆ hk'aˇ the path of immorality, bad morals pehꞈ shanˍ coinsˬ change pehꞈ tzuhˆ ve flirtatious pehꞈve be restlessˬ be lascivious peu la ve sendˍbring (to center of interest) peu ve send peu-e ve send away ส่งออกไป peu-e ve sendˍtake away (from center of interest) peun daꞈ tcuh ve cause to be different peun daꞈve be different peun daꞈve differ from each other peun ve differˬ be different peun ve trustˬ depend on peunˍ shehˍ kwanˇ shehˍ hpaˇ ruler, governor ผู้ปกครอง, ผู้ดูแล peuˆ nehˆ ve chop up fineˬ mince peuˇ leh ngaˬ maˇ te g'a i can't do it anyway. peuˇ leh ngaˬ maˇ te g'a i can't do it anyway. peuˇ leh... even soˬ anywayˬ in any caseˬ at least peuˍ fuˇ caˇve be moth-eaten peuˍ shehˍ kawnˇ shehˍ hpaˇ our ruler and shepherd (red lahu) peuˬ paˇ neˇ gaˬ la-oˬ it's almost finished. ใกล้จะหมดแล้ว peuˬ ve teˇ nyi k'o once the day it will be finished peˆ clf for sliceˬ piece of landˬ country peˉ-ehˬ ve flaring to a wide endˬ smaller at the root and bigger at the tip peˍ clf for ‘feet’ unit of measurement peˍve change somethingˬ transmutate peˍ ve pa ve changeˬ be transmuted peꞈ odorˬ smell peꞈ laˇ could you provide...ˉ peꞈ piˇ ve, peꞈ laˇve present withˬ favor withˬ grantˬ bestow peꞈve splitˬ crackˬ get cracked pfuhˇ silkwormˬ silk pfuhˇ betel-vine pfuhˇ (clf) basketful pfuhˇ caw ve carry something around pfuhˇ chaw sugarcane pfuhˇ chaw tawˆ ve harvest sugarcane pfuhˇ faˍ awˬ hawˍ dawˇ k’ai ve termites go in swarms pfuhˇ faˍ, pfuhˇ faiˍ flying antˬ termite wˍ wings pfuhˇ faˬ ve carry something around in readiness pfuhˇ g’uˇ termite pfuhˇ g’uˇ haw tawˍ aˇ g’aˇ a termite can’t stand in the way of an elephant. (proverb) pfuhˇ hpa silk cloth pfuhˇ hpu ma kind of white grub pfuhˇ htu inchworm pfuhˇ hu ve raise silkworms pfuhˇ keu ve carry intoˬ carry and put into pfuhˇ k’oˍ kerosene tin pfuhˇ k’oˬ ve carry back something pfuhˇ naw ve rock while carrying around (an infant) pfuhˇ sheh ma ehˉ small weevil pfuhˇ shehˍ aˉ loꞈ k’uˉ slugˬ snail pfuhˇ shehˍ hpaˇ bearerˬ carrier pfuhˇ shehˍ ma any of several kinds of bugs that eat leaves, wood, or bamboo (silkworms, weevils, etc.) pfuhˇ tcuhˍ lawꞈ stinkbug pfuhˇ tiˬ earthwormˬ intestinal worm pfuhˇ tiˬ hk’aˇ wrinklesˬ creases pfuhˇ tiˬ k’uˉ hookworm pfuhˇ toˇ tuˬ portable objectˬ something that can be carried around pfuhˇ toˇve carry something around pfuhˇve carryˬ bearˬ carry on the back pfuhˇ veuꞈ silk clothing pfuhˍ pehˍve extinguish by squirting pfuhˍ piˇve squirt onto something pfuhˍ piˇve put a load on someone’s back pfuhˍve sprayˬ squirtˬ splashˬ apply a liquid to pfuhˍve to bloom pfuhˍve cause to carry pfuhˬ tasselˬ pompom (as on hmong hat) pfuhˬ lower parts of the bodyˬ hipsˬ loinsˬ thighs pfuhˬ chuˇve have one’s bottom get numb pfuhˬ diˬ thigh pfuhˬ geu messyˬ sloppy pfuhˬ kaˍ inner side of thighsˬ loinsˬ groin pfuhˬ koˆ baˉ hipboneˬ the hip area pfuhˬ laˆ pfuhˬ laˆ k’ai ve limp alongˬ walk with a limp pfuhˬ neˆ with a limp pfuhˬ neˆ pfuhˬ neˆ k’ai ve to limp pfuhˬ neˆ pfuhˬ neˆ te ve to hop pfuhˬ tcuhˉ puiˍ groinˬ hip-joint pfuhˬ teh k’u the thighsˬ one’s lap pfuhˬ tiˉ hk'aˆ shiˍ hip socket pfuhˬ tiˉ hk’aˆ shiˍ hip socket phu tuˇ daꞈve wager money pi stringˍcord used as fastener pi ve wrap a child in a clothˬ ferment, become fermented หมัก pinˬ yaˬ, pinˬ yaˬ cuˇ yiˍ educationˬ wisdomˬ cultureˬ talent piˆ containerˬ clf for basketful piˆ k'oˍ kerosene tinˬ gasoline can ถัง, ปิ๊บ piˇ chawˇ shan ไทยใหญ่ piˇ chawˇ haˍ htaw shan-style trousers, loose pants with very wide waste การเกงไทยใหญ่ piˇ chawˇ miˬ guiˬ shan state แผ่นดินไทยใหญ่ piˇ lawˬ causative particle ทำให้เกิด piˇ laˇve give (non-third person) ให้ piˇ puiˉve be generous ใจกว้าง piˇve giveˬ spend onˬ pay for ให้ piˇ-oˆ indicates encouragementˬ urgingˬ exhortation (for action impinging on a third person object) piˉ htawˆ very low stool ม้านั่ง, ม้ารองเข่า piˉ htawˆ zuhˬ ve long, low stool ม้านั่ง piˉ kaw-eˍ clamˬ bivalve หอย piˉ kaw-eˍ awˬ hoˆ clam-shell เปลือกหอย piˉ kaw-eˍ shehnˉ pearl หอยมุก piˉ laˬ ku donkey ตัวลา piˉ pa cockroach แมลงสาบ piˉ pa teˇ ceuˬ lehˬ chaw yaˇ ve yehˬ aꞈ chehˇve cockroaches live in people's houses. piˉ pfuhˍve squirt a liquid into something ปัจสาวะรด piˉ pfuhˍve squirt onto piˉ piˉ te ve urinate, pee (childish) ทำให้ปัจสาวะ(เด็ก) piˉ tawn leuˉ, hpiˉ tawn leuˉ hill tribe, 'spirits of the yellow leaves' ผีตองเหลือง piˉ taˍ ve chaw a eunuch ขันที piˉve spurtˬ squirt outˬ cause to squirt out piˉve castrate, sterilize ตอน piˉ-ehˍ spurtingˬ squirtingˬ gushing piˍ footstepˬ pace ฝีเท้า, ก้าว piˍ la ve get old เก่าขึ้น piˍve be old เก่า piˬ oak piˬ cehˬ oak tree piˬ k'ai ce k'ai come loose and fall ล่วงโรย piˬ paˍ cricket จิ้งโกร่ง piˬ paˍ she ve hunt for crickets at night จับจิ้งโกร่ง piˬ shiˍ acorn piˬ tuˬ roasting-stickˬ skewer ตะแกง piˬ ve come looseˬ fall ล่วง piˬ ve roast (by holding over the fire) ย่าง piꞈ daꞈve speak clearly and well piꞈ daꞈve clearly and well ชัดเจนดี piꞈ hpa machine-made cloth ผ้าลินิน piꞈve accurateˬ clearˬ well articulated ชัดเจน po clf for receptacles, baskets, wallet, envelopes po clf for drops po k’oˍ large loosely woven basketˬ cage for birds or other small animals po lo tin canˬ receptacleˬ enclosed body of water po ve gallop of horses ponˍ great-great-grandchild ponˬ kuiˬ safe placeˬ refuge ponˬ k’ai ve pass overˬ go on past something ponˬ la htaˇ a few days ago ponˬ la htaˇ in the pastˬ previously ponˬ la htaˇ tanˬ leh yaꞈ nyi hk’a gaˬ from the past until todayˬ up to now ponˬ la ve (n) the past (n)ˬ (n) ago ponˬ la ve nyiˇ chi hk'awꞈ hpaˆ more than 20 years ago ยี่สิบกว่าปีแล้ว ponˬ la ve nyiˇ hk’awꞈ htaˇ two years ago ponˬ la ve nyiˇ shehˆ hk'awꞈ the past coupleˍfew years สองสามปีที่แล้ว ponˬ laˇ ve, ponˬ piˇve exemptˬ spare from ponˬ leuˉve transgressˬ violateˬ offend against ponˬ mawꞈ ponˬ sheˇ be a nuisanceˬ be insensitive to others ponˬ naˇve fly and then land on ponˬ peuˬ ve be freedˬ be deliveredˬ be at liberty ponˬ piˇve save someone fromˬ rescueˬ deliver ponˬ tcuh ve let someone pass by ponˬ ve passˬ pass byˬ go past ponˬ ve chaw a free person ponˬ veu ve pass overˬ except poˆ baˬ ve blast something awayˬ chip something poˆ hkoˇ e ve burst open ระเบิด poˆ hkoˇ-e ve to burst open poˆ poˆ te ve snapˬ make snapping noise poˆ tawˆ ve explodeˍfire (esp. accidentally) poˆ ve to crackˬ crackleˬ snapˬ pop poˉ poˆ kind of owlˬ or bat (red lahu) poˬ clf for meals poˬ ce ve fly downward poˬ k’ai ve go flying poˬ la ve be about to flyˬ about to take off poˬ naˉ bat (animal) poˬ pawnˍve fly through something poˬ poˬ te ve go bang poˬ tawˆ-e ve fly out of poˬ taˆ-e ve fly upwards poˬ ve to fly poꞈ clf for torches or fires pu bushˬ clumpˬ small tree พุ่มไม้ pu kehˍ village elder pu leˆ te ve slide down (a slope, incline, etc.) ไถลลง pu peu ve roll something กลิ้งลงไป pu ve rollˬ tumble down กลิ้ง pu ve get bloatedˬ swell upˬ inflate pu-e hk'aˇ tracks (left by vehicle or person) รอยกลิ้ง pu-e hk'aˇ tawˍve wheel-tracks are visibleˬ there are tire-tracks pu-e ve go rolling along กลิ้ง pu-ehˍ blown upˬ inflatedˬ puffed up พอง pui lui knotˬ rounded lump-like part pui ve to bowˬ incline the head puiˉ gun puiˉ (caˉ k'awˇ) mosquitoˬ insect puiˉ awˬ hawˍ dawˇ a swarm of mosquitoes ฝูงยุง puiˉ beu shotgun puiˉ boˍ ma kind of fly puiˉ cheꞈve a mosquito bites puiˉ cheꞈve a mosquito puiˉ koˆ machine gun puiˉ ma k'oˍ flyˬ housefly puiˉ naˇve a mosquito lands, perches puiˉ ve hpehꞈ ve hk'e to the best of one's abilityˬ as much as one can puiˉ ve hpehꞈ ve hk'e leˇ as much as one possibly can ตามความสามารถ puiˍ kaˆ puiˍve comb with a comb puiˍ kaˆ shuˍ teeth of a comb puiˍ kaˆ, puiˍ tuˬ a comb puiˍ li puiˍ taˆ clutteredˬ messy puiˍ taˆ ve, puiˍ puiˍ taˆ taˆ ve be messyˬ disorderedˬ cluttered puiˍ tzuhˬ fine-toothed comb puiˍve to comb pun shareˬ portionˬ fraction ส่วน punˍ g’uiˬ hot springs punˍ, ponˍ sulfur springˬ hot spring puˆ clf for gust of wind, a shower of rain puˆ verse in a song or poemˬ stanza puˆ ve unwindˬ unravel puˇ chaw hkoꞈve to munch on sugarcane กินอ้อย puˇ g'uˇ haw tawˍ aˇ g'aˇ a termite can't block the way of an elephant (proverb) puˇ naiˇ (lonˉ) forefathersˬ ancestors บรรพบุรุษ puˇ tiˬ tcuhˉve have intestinal worms puˉ insectˬ bugˬ vermin puˉ g’awˆ naˆ black ant puˉ g’awˆ niˉ small red ant puˍ grandfatherˬ father-in-law puˍ-ehˬ ruffledˬ tousledˬ puffed up (hair, feathers) puˬ chuˇve have one's bottom go numb puˬ luˉ k'aˍ teˇ maˬ hta poˬ k'ai ve a butterfly fluttered by. puˬ ve, puˬ-ehˬ be frayed raˍsaˍvanˍ bvuhꞈ paˍ historian raˍsaˍvanˍ, praꞈva saꞈ, kaˇ puiˇ kaˇ lao history, folklore ประวัติศาสตร์ sa hpinˇ hteˆ tuˬ ve a spring (as in a watch) sa tiꞈ piˇ mehˍ, hteh law be careful, it'll break. se leˇ dehˍ syringe se nyi daꞈve delouse each otherˬ groom each other for lice sha g'uˇ awˍ lunch อาหารเที่ยง sha guiˬ htunˉ pui leather bagˬ hide bag sha hkawˇ words of charm คำง่าย sha hpawˇ cawˇve suit one's fancy, be as one desires sha ma geuˆ ve grind corn sha ma naˬ hpanˍ hybrid corn sha ma poˆ ve to pop corn sha tiꞈ cawˬ ve be careful, take care sha tiꞈ te puiˉve be carefulˬ attentive shaw dawˆ ve lie in wait to beat shawˇ jiˆ taˆ ve zip up, fasten a zipper shawˇ jiˆ yaꞈve unzip, unfasten a zipper shawˉ pawˍ teˇ naꞈ early tomorrow morning shawˍ cheˆ ve think something through to a conclusion shawˍ keu ve include for consideration คำนวณใส่ shawˍ nyi tehˆ nyi considerˬ calculate carefully shaˆ pehˆ-e ve a magic charm loses its power shaˉ chuˇ a boil (on body) shaˉ g'awˬ kuiˬ ve awˬ mehˆ comma คอมมา(,) shaˉ hk'awꞈve inhaleˬ breathe in เด็ดผลไม้ shaˉ hk'aˆ naˍ paw ear of rice-steamer shaˉ hk'oˇve pant, gasp for breath แยก, ฉีก, แงะ shaˉ hkiˆ hkanˍve take an oath, bear witness, swear to something พยาน shaˉ hkoˇve break off a piece ฉีก shaˉ hpehˇ tawˆ ve exhale shaˉ nanˉ taˍ daꞈve bring a matter to court shaˉ pa ve breathe หายใจ shaˉ tiˍve hold one's breath shaˉ tsuhˇ pehˍve choke someone to death shaˉ tsuhˇ ve a naˬ asthma, respiratory disease shaˍ (ca) naˆ ve go lie in wait for game shaˍ awˬ meuˇ a tame animal ปศุสัตว์ shaˍ bawˆ cheuˬ paˍ an expert hunter shaˍ bawˆ pan te chehˇve build a hut to stay in when hunting shaˍ ca toˇve look for game shaˍ chaw bawˆ ve shoot an animal after following its trail shaˍ chu fat on meat shaˍ ci ve to pickle meat shaˍ g'aꞈ hpuiˇ caw ve train a hunting-dog shaˍ guiˬ animal skin, hide shaˍ g’uiˬ po leather wallet shaˍ htiˆ ngaˇ htiˆ packets of meat and fish shaˍ lehꞈ chawꞈ puiˉve a magnet attracts shaˍ mvuh piˬ ve shed fur, feathers ขนล่วง shaˍ peˆ piece of meat shaˍ piˉ htawˆ chopping-blockˬ chopping board เขียง shaˍ piˬ aˍve roasted meat ย่างเนื้อ shaˍ piˬ piˬ ve roast meat on a bamboo frame by the fire ย่างเนื้อ shaˍ tuiꞈve animal is at bay, (trapped) shaˍ tuˉ meatball she pfuhˍve put the blame on someone sheh hk'awꞈve lead someone back นำกลับ shehnˉ poˍ high-ranking officerˬ general shehˆ ceuˬ hkawˇ three kinds of languages shehˆ ceˍ shehˆ naˬ triangle สามเหลี่ยม shehˆ hk'awꞈ hpaˆ over three years สามปีกว่า shehˆ hkoˇ baˉ tawˆ ha cut it into three pieces. ตัดเป็นสามชิ้น shehˆ maˬ awˇ pawˆ pawnˇ g'aw k'o, teˇ chi nyiˇ maˬ hpehꞈve four times three is twelve. shehˆ maˬ lehˬ awˇ maˬ pawnˇ k'o, suhˍ maˬ hpehꞈve three plus four equals seven. shehˇ geuˆ ve be sandy shehˇ kawˍve pile up sand ก่อกองทราย shehˉ ta rifle-sight shehˍ k'aw hkui midnight เที่ยงคืน shi ciˬ gold tooth shi jiˇ gold ornament shi naw yellowish greenˬ greenish brown shi naˆ dark yellowˬ light brown shinˉ nyi htaˇ ngaˬ hui ce ka ve - kanˉ maˇ te on sunday we abstain - we don't work. shiˉ g'euꞈ tuˉve burn charcoal shiˍ classifier for round objects ลูก(ผลไม้) shiˍ cehnˍve know something by detail, be enlightened shiˍ jaˇ know very much shiˍ k'ai ve lead someone along พาไป shiˍ k'oˬ ve see someone off, 'send' someone พาไปส่ง shiˍ puiˉ ve nyi ma shiˍ conscience shiˍ toˇ paˍ a guide shiˍ toˇve lead along sho caˆ chain sho caˆ dawˆ ve send a telegram sho chi teˇ ceuˬ yawˇ maˇ caˇ this kind of iron doesn't get rusty. sho chiˆ ve smelt iron, heat iron red hot sho cuˇ a nail (metal fastener) sho cuˇ htaꞈve fasten with a nail sho dehˍ iron pipe sho dehˍ lonˉ rocket กระบอกเหล็กใหญ่ sho dehˍ loˉ ve awˬ tawn stage of a rocket sho hk'aw iron ring เหล็กกรวง sho hk'aweh iron ring sho hkeh metal wire เหล็กเส้น sho k'uˉ kawehꞈ anchor ขอเกี่ยว sho k'uˉ lu k'awehꞈ g'awˬ chiˇve raise anchor sho koˇ bicycle จักรยาน sho koˇ gaˉ yaw a bicycle wheel ล้อมจักรยาน sho nuˇ tractor (iron ox) shoˍ kuˇ cawˍ nyi kuˇ bicycle-wheel spoke shu awˬ htaꞈ hk'eh ve be superior to others shu awˬ pon maˇ k'awꞈ dawˇ nawˇ be ungrateful, un appreciative shu aꞈ luˬ tuˬ taˇ te don't try to make other people fail! shu aꞈ mawˇ pfuhˍ piˇve have someone carry things shu aꞈ taˇ deˇ piˇ< don't scold other people. อย่าดุเขา shu aꞈ taˇ hkawehˉ don't envy other people. อย่าอิจฉาคนอื่น shu aꞈ taˇ te naˬ don't hurt other people! shu aꞈ taꞈ piˇve block other's, stand in other people's way shu ceˬ te ve be a servant to others shu chaꞈ leh maˇ te ve yoˬ since people are disgusted (by it) we don't do it. shu dawˆ laˇ leh ngaˬ ji jaw ji jaw k'ai ve i'm staggering because they hit me. shu dawˇ sha tuˬ te ve console someoneˬ soothe someone's feelingsˬ comfort someone shu hkawˇ what other's say ภาษาอื่น shu hkawˇ shu shaˉ shiˍve be familiar with foreign languages, customs รู้ภาษารู้ประเพณี shu hkawˇ yuˬ yaw htaˇ awˬ kaˍ tawˍ ve awˬ mehˆ quotation marks เครื่องหมายคำถาม(ˉ) shu htawˇ laˇ htawˇ maˇ jawˬ puiˉ be unable to feel it when someone touches you shu htaꞈ maˇ k'awꞈ dawˇ nawˇ not remember someone anymore shu htaꞈ piˇ puiˉ ve chaw a generous person คนใจกว้าง shu liˇ shu k'a foreign customs, other's laws ประเพณีของคนอื่น shu maˇ beuꞈ ceh ceh aˬ htoꞈ ma awˬ ceuˬ htawˇ te hpehꞈ aw as long as people don't get angry, you can do anything you want. shu maꞈ lonˉ bawˆ ve teˇ yanˇ htaˇ chehˇ haˍ jaˇ ve yoˬ when they were fighting the great war life was very hard. shu mehˆ hpfuhˇ aꞈ nyi ve do someone a favorˬ discriminate against someone because of appearance shu nehˉ k'ai peuˬ-oˬ, nawˬ maˇ k'ai sheˍ laˇ the others have gone already, and you haven't gone yetˉ shu toˬ shu law ve criticize other people shu yaꞈ k'aw taˇ tawˍ don't block other people's way. shuˉ dawˬ hk'eh jaˇ he's a heavy smoker สูบบุหรี่จัด shuˉ leꞈ cigarette, cigar บุหรี่ shuˉ maˇ dawˬ paˍ a non-smoker ผู้ไม่สูบบุหรี่ shuˉ taˆ ve stop using tobacco, quit smoking shuˍ daꞈve be the same shuˍ hpu nuˬ garlic so k'uˉ lu k'awehꞈ g'awˬ teh ve raise anchor suh cheˆ ve die for good, definitely dead suh daꞈve have a good deathˬ die well suh geꞈ-e ve drop dead suddenly, to have just died suh hk'aˇ nawˬ taˇ ji laˇ do not prepare the path of death for us. suh hkawˇve blood gushes, hemorrhages suh maˇ daꞈ die an evil death (as in an accident) suh piˇve make him dieˬ let him die ทำให้ตาย suh suh teꞈ teꞈ htawˇ dead or alive suh-e htaˇ gaˬ k'o when the time to die arrives suhˆ awˬ kaˍ kaˍve stack up wood in a wood pile ทำไม้เป็นกอง suhˆ cehˬ chi tehꞈ nehˉ nehˉ lehˬ k'ai this tree is quite short. suhˆ cehˬ chi teˇ ceuˬ tiˉ k'o, chaw teˇ g'aˇ ve a shaꞈ hk'e caw caw maw ve yoˬ this kind of tree lives about as long as a person. ต้นไม้ต้นนี้อายุเท่าหนึ่งชั่วของคน suhˆ cehˬ teˇ cehˬ peuˬ teˇ cehˬ one tree after the other suhˆ gaˉ yaw wooden wheel, wheelbarrow ล้อมไม้ suhˆ go a wooden ramp suhˆ hpaꞈ htawˇ-ehˬ ve htawˇ a ciˉ ciˉ mawˬ hpehꞈ-aw even though the leaves are a bit thick, you can see a little bit. suhˆ hpaꞈ piˬ (ce)ve leaves fall ใบไม้ล่วง suhˆ hpaꞈ piˬ yanˇ fallˬ autumn ฤดูใบไม้ล่วง suhˆ htawˆ ve carve wood suhˆ hteh log of wood suhˆ htu ve chop down a treeˍtrees suhˆ juˆ pehˍve be impaled to death on a piece of wood suhˆ k'aˉ (nyiˇ k'aˉ) (two) branches of a tree กิ่งไม้ suhˆ k'aˉ chi maˇ k'awꞈ deu this branch isn't swinging anymore. suhˆ kaˉ kaweh aˬ miˍ meuˇ, yaˇ nehˬ chaw mawˇ ceˇ dry branches are food for the fire, young folk are servants to their elders. suhˆ kuˬ ve a dead tree ไม็แห้ง suhˆ maˇ htu tcuh kaꞈ we aren't allowed to chop down trees either. ไม่ให้โค่นต้นไม้ suhˆ mvuhˉ k'u g'awˬ baˬ ve awˍ awˬ caˆ awˬ ku kaꞈ pawˇ naˬ jaˇ sheˍ k'oˆ ma every bone in our body still aches from hauling away the tree-trunks. suhˆ ta k'oˍ wooden box suhˆ taˬ (teˇ taˬ) (aˍone) wooden stick suhˆ taˬ-oˬ laˇ is there enough woodˉ suhˆ tcuhˍve to get a splinter suhˆ tzuh treetop suhˉ bvuhˬ de grassy ground suhˉ jehˬ ve judge, arbitrate suhˉ taˆ(-e)ve take a matter to court suhˉ taꞈve go to court suhˉ tehˆ ve adjust by twisting suhˍ chi awˬ hk'aw lo nyiˇ chi caˇ a nyi sheˍ. try dividing 70 by 20 first. suhˍ chi nyiˇ peˍ zuhˬ ve be 72 feet long suhˍ hk'awꞈ hk'e caw-ehˬ just about seven years เจ็ดปีเท่านั้น suhˍ jawˇ suh ve die from loss of blood (miscarriage) suhˍ nyi hk'awꞈ the year before lastˬ a couple years ago ปีก่อนโน้น suhˍ tawˆ naˬ tawˆ suh ve die from loss of blood and fluids suhˍ tawˆ ve bleed (blood emerges) ta stripe, checker ta eye (shan) ta all, so much, all kinds of (shan) ta (k'oˍ) box ta k'oˍ box กล่อง ta k'oˍ chi teˇ maˬ k'awˇ ve yoˬ. this box is empty. กล่องนี้ว่างเปล่า ta k'oˍ gawˬ icebox, refrigerator ta kawˬ be delayed, held up, waste time ta laiˉ very many, all kinds of ta laiˉ hk'awꞈ many years ta meuꞈ brick wall, concrete wall ta meuꞈ hpeꞈ gate in a wall (walled city, temple) taiˍ eternal tan a substitute, symbolic representation tanˇ heˆ behavior, conduct tanˇ heˆ tanˇ ca, kanˉ te taˍ ve awˬ ceuˬ teˇ hpaˍ achievements, accomplishments tanˇ hk'eun offerings tanˇ hkeunˇ tanˇ vanˇ all night and all day tanˇ hkuinˇ all night, the whole night longˬ at night tanˇ kaˬ trading, commerce tanˇ kaˬ tradeˬ buying and selling tanˇ kaˬ paˍ trader, merchant tanˇ kaˬ te ve to do business tanˇ kuiˬ altar tanˇ laiˉ ve kanˉ obligatory work for everyone (in the village) tanˇ naˬ all future generations tanˇ pi tanˇ co-e always (all years and eras) tanˇ piˇve give as an offering tanˇ to tanˇ lehˇ one's whole body tanˇ tuˬ offering, sacrifice tanˇ vanˇ all day, a full dayˬ daytime, during the day tanˇ vanˇ awˍ midday meal, lunch tanˇve make an offering tanˇve be free, have spare time, be in time for something tanˉ caiˉ whatever one wants to do, pleases (red lahu) tanˍ a grade in school, a standard tanˬ (v)ve start to (v) tanˬ daꞈve challenge, confront each other tanˬ nyi a k'o awˍ if we start to figure it out tanˬ nyi ve start to look at tanˬ ti ve start to plant tanˬ ve to begin, to start tanˬ ve compete with, challenge someone, wager money with taoˬ (k'uˉ) turtle taoˬ pawˇ field turtle taw taw degreeˬ extent taw ve give a drink to, give a smoke to tawn clf for section, length of something tawn nehˉ clf for lengths, passages (of written material) tawnˇ g'aw ve recite (from memory something one has read) tawnˇ taˍ tuˬ ve liꞈ k'oˆ, dawˇ nawˇ ve liꞈ notebook, notes tawnˇ taˍve keep in mind, remember well tawnˇve to remember tawnˇ yuˬ tuˬ ve tawˇ hkawˇ words which are to be carefully remembered tawnˇ yuˬ ve remember wellˬ memorize tawnˍ tawnˍ sound of a gun (bang!) tawˆ clf for sections, series of doors, military camps tawˆ cheˆ ve cut offˬ cut through completely tawˆ dawˬ ve to scoop up with hands and drink tawˆ daꞈve prop each other up tawˆ g'a teˇ ceuˬ the thing that has emerged tawˆ k'ai ve leaveˬ set outˬ go out tawˆ k'aˉve cut through partially tawˆ k'ehˍ the large gecko tawˆ keu ve sew intoˬ sew together ฟันใส่ tawˆ la kuiˬ an outlet, a source tawˆ la ve come out, appear suddenly, occur, arise tawˆ nehˆ aˍ ve awˬ shaˍ ground meat tawˆ nehˆ ve shake something to bits tawˆ oˍ deu a swing (red lahu) tawˆ oˍ deu te guiˇve play on a swing tawˆ pehˬ ve cut something up and share it tawˆ tawˆ loꞈ loꞈ te ve keep going in and out tawˆ tcuhˉve prop something firmly against something else tawˆ tiˍve jam up by propping tawˆ ve emerge from, go out, come outˬ erupt, break out tawˆ ve cut (with knife), cut with a blow, hack at tawˆ ve supportˬ prop up tawˆ-e ve go out ofˬ come from, derived from tawˇ aluminumˬ copperˬ brassˬ light metal tawˇ (hkawˇ) words, speech tawˇ awˬ pa awˬ ma prayer languageˬ language with elaborate expressions tawˇ cawˆ sentence tawˇ cawˬ taˍve have someone's wordˍpromise tawˇ chaꞈ filthy wordsˬ vile language tawˇ cheˆ daꞈve break off relations tawˇ cheˆ ve give a legal decision, lay down the law tawˇ cheˆ ve give a final decision tawˇ daꞈ hkawˇ euphenismˬ polite expression tawˇ daꞈve be a man of one's word, keep one's word tawˇ deˇ daꞈve quarrel, have words with each other tawˇ faˉ hkawˇ a cryptic saying (symbolic sayingˉ) tawˇ faˉ-e daꞈve ask riddles tawˇ g'awˬ daꞈve have a clash of words, a dispute, a debate tawˇ g'awˬ hk'aˆ ve speak words of protest, denial, objection โต้เถียง tawˇ heh ve be stubborn tawˇ hehˇve speak loudly, roughly, arrogantly tawˇ hk'awꞈve to answer คำตอบ tawˇ hkawˇ words, discourse คำ เสียงพูด ภาษา tawˇ hkawˇ jawˬ hk'aˇ paˍ a linguist, good at studying languages ผู้เชี่ยวชาญภาษา tawˇ hkawˇ jawˬ hk'aˇ paˍ a linguist tawˇ hkawˇ pawnˍve for wordsˍlanguage to be understandable tawˇ hkawˇ pawnˍve a wordˍlanguage is understood tawˇ hkawˇ tcuhˉ kuiˬ yuˬ taˍ ve liꞈ word study bookˬ encyclopediaˉ tawˇ hkawˇ yuˬ tawˆ ve to translate tawˇ hkaꞈ keu ve interrupt someone's speech tawˇ hkaꞈ keu ve, tawˇ hkaꞈ yaw ve to interrupt (speech) tawˇ hpaˉ-e ve ask a riddleˬ speak with hidden meanings tawˇ hpu ma= tawˇ phu baˉ corrugated metal sheeting (for roofing) tawˇ hteˆ paˍ, tawˇ hteˆ mawˉ fortune-teller tawˇ hteꞈve tell fortunes, divinate the future tawˇ hteꞈ ve mawˉ fortune-teller tawˇ htiˆ shaˉ htiˆ a wordy disputeˬ a long-winded quarrel tawˇ jehˬ cheˆ ve render a judgementˬ decide after consultation tawˇ jehˬ paˍ an adviser tawˇ jehˬ suhˉ jehˬ shehˍ hpaˇ counselor, advisor tawˇ jehˬ suhˉ jehˬ ve give advice and counselˬ discuss something thoroughly tawˇ jehˬ ve give advice, consult tawˇ juiˇ jaˇ a sharp tongue ประชด tawˇ kaˆ hkawˇ fancy languageˬ word added for euphony tawˇ kehˇ yaw ve reminisce, talk about things making one homesick, nostalgic พูดอย่างเห็นอกเห็นใจ tawˇ kehˇ yaw ve reminisceˬ talk nostalgically tawˇ kuˇ riddle tawˇ kuˇ (kuˇ) daꞈve ask riddles of each other tawˇ maˇve talkative, tattle, tell tales about people tawˇ naˉve be deep or hard to understand tawˇ naˉ ve liꞈ a difficult or profound bookˬ the book of proverbs tawˇ naꞈ paˍ celebrant in animist rituals tawˇ naꞈ paˍ celebrant in animist rituals tawˇ nuˇ hkawˇ gentle words, a polite expression tawˇ nuˇ shaˉ nuˇ soft and soothing words tawˇ nuˇve be soft-spokenˬ be gentle of speech tawˇ nyiˉve extract a promise tawˇ pa haˉ parableˬ proverbˬ figurative expression tawˇ pa haˉ yehˇ leh tcuhˉ kuiˬ maˍve teach a meaningful lesson by using parables tawˇ peh ve talk too much tawˇ peu ve send word tawˇ phaiˉ hkawˇ a riddle tawˇ piˇve to commandˬ send word, send a message tawˇ sha paˍ a well-spoken person tawˇ sha ve pleasant words, a nice way of speaking tawˇ shaˇ (piˇ)ve to whisper tawˇ shaˬ ve answer back rudelyˬ give a sharp retort tawˇ tawnˇve remember words, remember what was said tawˇ taˆ hkawˇ a verdict, sentence in court tawˇ taˆ hkawˇ a verdict, a sentence tawˇ taˆ hkawˇ, suhˉ taˆ hkawˇ verdict, sentence tawˇ taˆ ve decide a legal case tawˇ taˇ hehˇ don't speak so roughly! tawˇ taˇ maˇ don't talk so much! tawˇ taˍ tuˬ ve liꞈ k'oˆ notebook สมุดโน๊ต tawˇ tcuhˇ-ehˆ in a whisper tawˇ tcuhꞈve be at a loss for wordsˬ stutter tawˇ te daꞈve have a contest of wordsˬ debate tawˇ te ve bring a (legal) case against someone tawˇ teˇ hkawˇ k'oˆ gaˇ ve yoˬ i'd like to say a few words อยากพูดหนึ่งคำ tawˇ teˇ peuˬ-eˬ a few wordsˬ a short stretch of speech tawˇ tsuhˇ-ehˆ te ve speak in a whisper tawˇ tsuhꞈve be tongue-tied, at a loss for words, stutter tawˇ tzuhˇve speak irritably tawˇ tzuhˇve speak irritablyˬ snap at someone tawˇ veˆ flowery speechˬ figurative speech tawˇ yaw cheuˬ ve be a good talker tawˇ yaw daꞈve have a talkˬ chatˬ converse tawˇ yaw haˍ ve k'o chaw aˇ mawˬ jaw talk to you and talk to the wall. tawˇ yaw maˇ tawˆ be at a loss for wordsˬ studderˬ stammer tawˇ yaw peuˬ-e ve the discussion is endedˬ the matter is all settled. tawˇ yaw puiˉve be fluentˬ articulateˬ glibˬ quick-tongued tawˇ yaw tcuhˉ kuiˬ maˇ cawˇ talk nonsense, rave senselessly tawˇ yaw ve to speak, to say (words) tawˇ yeˬ ve be reliable in one's promises, be a person of one's word tawˉ bvuhꞈve embroiderˬ sew on patterns tawˉ hawehˍve sew stitches as a design tawˉ hoˆ ve sew shut, sew up tawˉ ne sewing thread (archaic) tawˉ ne teˇ ne tiˉ cawˬ ve yehˬ ma k'awˇ kaˍ te aˍ ve, aˬ htoꞈ ma le. a gawˬ liˉ pehˍ with a single thread it has built a nine-room house. what is itˉ a spider. tawˉ nehˉve sew ontoˬ affix by sewing tawˉ teuˇ mvuhˬ kind of edible ground mushroom tawˉ teuˇ vuiˬ kind of poisonous snake tawˉve sew tawˍ baˬ ve banish (as evil spirit)ˬ divert from causing harm tawˍ daꞈve be divided off from one anotherˬ be set in opposition to each other tawˍ lehˆ ve be visible from among a group, stick out from the rest tawˍ shuˍ butt of a gunˬ rifle-butt tawˍ taˍ nyiˉ taˍve blocked, repressed tawˍ tcuhˇ taˍve obstructed tawˍ tcuhˉ ve, tawˍ caˉve be contagious tawˍve dam up, block up, hinder, intercept tawˍve be evident, obvious, revealed, manifest tawˍ ve tsuhˇve block off (person, water, etc.) tawˍ-ehˬ obviouslyˬ clearlyˬ evidently tawˬ small of the back, base of spine tawˬ hteh ve break one's back tawˬ hteh ve break one' back tawˬ kaw ahka tawˬ kaw ma an ahka woman tawˬ kaw paˍ an ahka man tawˬ lo ve sprain the lower back tawˬ naˬ ve lower-back ache tawˬ tawˬ nawˆ a step, a rung, in steps tawˬ-ehˬ level withˬ parallelˬ four-squareˬ evenlyˬ blunted tawꞈ vampire (red lahu) tawꞈ naˬ ve be revolted by thought of eatingˬ be unable to stand food tawꞈ naˬ ve being revolted by foodˬ be sick and tired of something, someone tawꞈ piˇve to poison someone tawꞈ puiˉve poisonous tawꞈ puiˉ ve mvuhˬ poisonous mushroom tawꞈ suh ve die of poison tawꞈve be poisonous, be poisoned, intoxicated taˆ clf for dates according to western calendar taˆ clf for loads carried on shoulders taˆ caw ve carry something around, go around carrying something taˆ cheˆ ve to resolve, decide definitely taˆ cheˆ ve solve, resolve, come to a decision taˆ hk'awꞈve carry back แบกคืน taˆ k'ai ve go climbing up taˆ k'ai ve carry out, carry away taˆ k'oˆ ve make a report (after considering evidence) taˆ k'oˍ trench, ditch taˆ shiˉ judge a case (thai) taˆ ve go up, climb, ascend taˆ ve carry on one's shoulders, load on one's shoulders taˆ-e gaˬ ve make it to the top taˆ-e maˇ gaˇ cannot reach by climbing, can't climb up to taˆ-e ve go climbing up, be promoted taˇ (v) negative imperative, don't (v) taˇ beuꞈ mehˍ don't get angry. taˇ ciˍ sheˍ, ngaˬ awˬ han htaw a shaˍ don't move yet! i'm going to take a picture. taˇ dawˇ kawˆ don't worry! taˇ heˆ taˇ ca achievements, accomplishments taˇ heˍ, hteˇ-ehˬ k'oˆ don't lie, say it straight. taˇ hk'aiˬ sheˍ, ngaˬ awˬ han htawˍ a shaˍ don't move yet, i'm going to take a photo. taˇ hkiˉ all kinds of troubles อย่ากังวล taˇ hkuiˇ all night กลางคืน taˇ hkuiˇ taˇ vanˇ all night and all day กลางคืนกลางวัน taˇ k'ai mehˍ please don't go. taˇ k'awꞈ dawˆ laˇ, naˬ jaˇ k'oˆ ma don't hit me again, it hurts a lot! taˇ k'oꞈ-e sheˍ don't go home yet. taˇ kawˆ don't be afraid. taˇ kawˆ maˇ cheꞈ puiˉ. don't be afraid, it can't bite. ไม่ต้องกลัวมันไม่กัด taˇ kaˬ paˍ chi chaw hk'oˆ htaꞈ hpuiˇ cheꞈ tcuh ve the merchant had his dog bite the thief. taˇ leh (v) don't go (v)ing, don't you dare (v)! taˇ leh lawˬ loˬ don't go begging them! taˇ leh leˍ quit playing around taˇ sheˉ sheˉ piˇve pay a divorce settlement taˇ te, ngaˬ yaˇ paˍ oˬ don't do it, son! taˇ tuiˬ hpaw, ngaˬ hui chaw haiˬ maˇ heˆ don't run away, we're not dangerous people. taˇlaˇ occult power taˇlaˇ moˬ naˆ hoꞈ hell taˇlaˇ paˍ a shaman taˇlaˇ yaꞈve possessed by a spirit taˉ behˆ (le) ladle, big wooden spoon, spatula, oar taˉ lawehˍ mole cricket taˉ ma aunt taˉ maˬ praying mantis taˉ maꞈ axe (modern factory made) taˉ poˆ (k'oˍ) bag, sack, suitcase taˉ poˆ caˆ strap of a bag taˉ taˉ (said to children) no, no, be still! taˉ te paˍ father or mother's sister taˉ tuˬ ma dragonfly taˉ u hpoꞈve have mumps, be swollen from mumps taˉ ve (le) cicada taˉ yeꞈ ma mother's older sister taˉ yeꞈ te mother's older sister's husband taˍ g'unˍ, taˍ wunˍ responsibilities, duties taˍ kuiˬ a stand, pedestal taˍ naˍ really, truly, strongly taˍ nehˬ piˇve humiliate someone taˍ nuꞈ police taˍ nuꞈ taˍ hanˉ police and soldiers, authorities taˍ uiˍ taˍ mvuh glorify, extol taˍ uiˍve respect someone taˍve place on, put on, set on taˍve appoint (to a position) taˍ wunˍ yuˬ ve take responsibility, assume a duty taˬ stick, stalk, clf for stick-like objects taˬ taˆ k'oˍ wooden leveler (house sites) taˬ taˆ paˍ wooden rake taˬ ve be enough taˬ ve separate from, want to separate from taˬ ve (awˍ taˬ-oˬ laˇ) enough (have you had enough riceˉ) taˬ-oˬ i've had enough. taꞈ military camp, fortress taꞈ iˉ chehˇ hpawˇ daꞈve it is better to keep silent taꞈ iˉ chehˇve be quiet, remain silent, keep still taꞈ iˉ gawˬ lehꞈ in silenceˬ peace and quiet taꞈ noꞈ police ตำรวจ taꞈ noꞈ police taꞈ noꞈ shaˉ naˉ police station taꞈ pa (cehˬ) kind of oak tree taꞈ pa shiˍ acorn taꞈve bar entrance to, block the way to, challenge someone, offend taꞈ ve (nawˬ htaꞈ taꞈ ve maˇ heˆ) challenge (i'm not challenging you.) taꞈ-iˉ chehˇ te ve do something quietly taꞈ-iˉ gawˬ lehˍ in absolute silence taꞈ-iˉve silently, quietly tcuh market tcuh caˇ naˉve boss people aroundˬ send people on errands for their own interests tcuh caˇve to use servants, have someone work for you tcuh haˆ ve not hesitate to use people's services tcuh hk'aw to market ตลาด tcuh hk'ehˍ k'oˇ hk'ehˍ kickback, tax, rakeoff (black market goods) tcuh hkehˍ k'oˇ hkehˍ kickback, tariff, bribe (red lahu) tcuh huˉve go to market tcuh kaˍ paˍ a prophet, an agent tcuh kaˍ paˍ hkawˇ a prophecy tcuh kuˇ yaw ve to prophesy tcuh naˉve boss people around tcuh pehˇ red night wasp tcuh peu ve send someone to do an errand tcuh peu ve send someone off on an errandˬ send someone to do one's bidding tcuh shehˍ paˍ, tcuh shehˍ ma a servant (man, woman) tcuh tuˬ tcuh yaˇ a servant tcuh ve send on an errand, dispatch tcuh yaˇ a messenger, apostle, angel tcuh yaˇ caˉ yaˇ staff, personnel tcuh yehˇ geh naˬ ve to catch a cold tcuhˆ ehˬ tawˆ ve spring up everywhere tcuhˆ naˉve have deep roots tcuhˆ tawˆ ve pluck out tcuhˆ ve pinch, pull and twist, pluck tcuhˆ ve be sharp tcuhˆ ve strike a target, hit tcuhˆ ve be fixed, stuck in place tcuhˇ sap, gum tcuhˇ (tcuhˇ ehˉ, tcuhˇ lonˉ) chisel tcuhˇ tcuhˬ (v) not (v) very much tcuhˇ tcuhˬ aꞈ lots and lots tcuhˇ tcuhˬ maˇ naˬ-oˬ it doesn't hurt much anymore. tcuhˇ tcuhˬ maˇ vuiˇ it's not very far. tcuhˇ tcuhˬ taˇ (v) don't (v) so much! tcuhˇ tcuhˬ taˇ g'uiˬ don't laugh too much! tcuhˇve something raw, unsuitable for consumption tcuhˉ joint, section between joints tcuhˉ clf for sectionsˍjoints tcuhˉ (pui) palm tcuhˉ daꞈ ve, tcuhˉ daꞈ caˉ daꞈve be stuck together, connected tcuhˉ hkeun jewelry tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ rubber, pliable matterial tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ cehˬ rubber tree tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ dehˍ rubber tube, plastic tube tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ g'awˬ hk'e ve stretch rubber by pulling tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ hpa plastic tarp, poncho tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ hpuˇ rubber ball, balloon tcuhˉ k'ehꞈ mawˇ tsuhꞈ tuˬ ve rubber band tcuhˉ kuiˬ meaning, usefulness, cause, reason for tcuhˉ kuiˬ cawˬ ve be useful, have a purpose tcuhˉ kuiˬ caˉ daꞈve be related in meaning tcuhˉ kuiˬ caˉ daꞈve be related in meaning, semantic connection tcuhˉ kuiˬ hpeuꞈ ve liꞈ dictionary tcuhˉ kuiˬ hteˇ-ehˬ yuˬ tawˆ ve give the literal meaning tcuhˉ kuiˬ hteˇ-ehˬ yuˬ tawˆ ve extract the literal meaning tcuhˉ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ make no sense, be useless, meaningless tcuhˉ kuiˬ pawnˍve the meaning gets throughˬ an idea penetrates tcuhˉ kuiˬ uiˍve be of great importance tcuhˉ kuiˬ yuˬ tawˆ ve explain something, translate something tcuhˉ mui tuˬ chair, stool tcuhˉ mui ve sit in one place, fixed spot tcuhˉ nawꞈ daꞈve come together at a point, be closely adjacent to tcuhˉ nawꞈ kuiˬ point of attachment, root of something tcuhˉ nawꞈ kuiˬ junctionˬ point of connection จุดที่าบรรจบกัน tcuhˉ nawꞈve be tightly attachedˍjoined to tcuhˉ nuˬ ve have a smell reach one, have odor cling to tcuhˉ nuˬ ve have a smell attached tcuhˉ nyi ve to divine (animist), predict tcuhˉ pfuhˇve attach and carry (by strap) tcuhˉ pfuhˇve fasten to the back to carry tcuhˉ puiˉve be likely to stick to (object), be contagious tcuhˉ puiˉ ve a naˍ a contagious disease tcuhˉve be joined to, fixed to, stuck to tcuhˉve be astringent, pleasantly bitter tcuhˍ muꞈve turn upside down (small objects) tcuhˍve to cough tcuhˍ yehˇ lonˉ the flu tcuhˍ yehˇ naˆ ma pneumonia (black cold) tcuhˍ yehˇ naˬ na-e ve recover from a cold tcuhˍ yehˇ naˬ ve have a cold tcuhˬ (m)aˇ (v) not very (v) tcuhˬ aˇ daꞈ it's not very good. tcuhˬ hk'aˇ a tooth-mark รอยฟันกัด tcuhˬ ve to disintegrate, pulverize tcuhˬ ve k'aw ve be serious, sincere (esp. intentions to marry) tcuhˬ-aˬ something real, genuine tcuhꞈve be clear and unobstructed te creeper, vine te uncle, senior male relative te (v)ve make something and (v) with it te caˇ kuiˬ kitchen ครัว te caˇ paˍ a worker, someone who is earning a living te caˇve to cook, make something to eatˬ earn one's living, do for a living te cheˆ ve settle something, bring matter to a conclusion te daꞈ puiˉ ve chaw a person who habitually does the right thing te daꞈ puiˉ ve chaw a person who habitually does the right thing te daꞈve make good, improve te daꞈve do goodˬ do the right thing te daꞈve quarrelˬ light into each other te deˇve scold someone te fiˍve dry something out te g'a ve succeed in makingˍdoing something, be able to do something te gaˇ leh te ve to do something on purpose te gaˇ leh... (clause) do (clause) on purpose อยากทำ te gaˇve to like doing somethingˬ do according to intention te guiˇve do for fun, pretend to do te guiˇve play aroundˬ have funˬ do for pleasure te guiˇ ve awˬ ceuˬ a laughing matter, a joke te haˍ hpehꞈ haˍve be very inconvenient te haˍve be hard to do te heuˆ ve make something and keep it te hk'awꞈve respond (by action), do in return ทำคืน te hk'awꞈve retaliate, do in return te hk'aˇ way of doing ประพฤติ te hkoˇve break something, split something ทำแตก te hpanˍ shehˍ hpaˇ creator te hpanˍve to create te hpiˬ ve make (a place) levelˬ treat people equally te hto ve make up something and tell it te jaw te muiˬ do as regular, do as usual te jaw te muiˬ ve hk'e as one usuallyˍregularly does te jaw ve to have ever done, to have done before te jawˬ henˇ jawˬ ve learn how to do something te jawˬ ve practiceˬ rehearse te k'ai sheˍ, taˇ jehˇ keep on doing it, don't stop! ทำไปเถิดหย่าหยุด te k'ai ve continue doing, carry on, keep on doing te kehˬ ve to make pure, purify te keu ve make and put in te keunˍ te cawˇ ve hk'e as is fitting and proper to do ตามที่ควรทำ te lehꞈve to cook te luˬ puiˉve be harmfulˬ capable of causing harm te luˬ ve destroy something te maˇ na be improperˬ be taboo te maˬ hpehꞈ hk'e k'oˆ piˇ ve yoˬ he said he couldn't do it te mehˉ-e ve, te mehˉ piˇve get rid of something, cause to disappear, wipe out te muiˬ ve to do habitually, regularly te muiˬ ve hk'e as one used toˬ as before te naˉve act selfishly te naˉve act selfishly te naˍve to spoil te naˬ ve hurt (someone) te naˬ ve, naˬ tcuh ve hurt someoneˬ cause someone pain te peuˬ ve finish doing something te piˇve treat in a certain wayˬ take care ofˬ do for the sake of te ponˬ te leuˉve do to excessˬ violate standards of conduct te puiˉ jaˇ paˍ an expert te puiˉ te hpehꞈve be willing and able to do something te puiˉve be able to do somethingˬ be an expert at something te puiˉ ve yoˬ k'oˆ ma, ngaˬ hk'e somebody like me can certainly do it! ทำเก่งเหมือนฉัน te sha ve be easy to do, fun to do te sheˆ ve spill something te shiˍ veu ve lead someone awayˬ lead off te tawˆ ve cause to emergeˬ pull out, take out te tawˆ ve promulgateˬ promoteˬ put forth (plan, idea) te taˆ ve carry something te teh ve keep on as before, do in a permanent way te teh ve make and set down te toˇve go around doing something te tu ve set something upright te ve do, make, do for a living, play the role of te ya ve baby someone te yaꞈ daꞈve to quarrel with one another te yaꞈve make a mistake, do by mistake, offend someone te yuˬ ve make something and keep it, invent te(-a) nyi ve try something out, test something te-awˍ, (hk'e) te k'o thereforeˬ soˬ then teh clf for a fold, layers, folded up things teh hawˇve sell on consignment teh hkaˉ shiˍ watermelon teh kaˍ space between teh keu ve fold up and put away teh taˍve leave something in place, leave something behindˬ set something up permanently teh ve to trap (an animal) teh ve put, put onto, place, set up, establish teh ve to fold, to crease tehnˇ te ve take the place of, act as a substitute tehˆ daꞈve compare, measure against each other tehˆ enˍ daꞈve have a contestˬ have a friendly competition tehˆ nyi ve measure and see tehˆ taˬ ruler, measuring stick tehˆ tehˆ scratching sound, crackle, snap sound (of fire) tehˆ tehˆ te-a< i'll give you a good spanking! tehˆ tuˬ ve awˬ caˆ measuring-string tehˆ ve measureˬ calibrateˬ examine carefully tehˇ shaft (machine)ˬ length of wood tehˉ hwaˉ telephone (chinese) tehˉ k'awꞈ lap bosom tehˉ k'awꞈ taˆ ve climb into someone's lap tehˉ paˍ cehˬ toy air gun made of bamboo that shoots paper wads tehˉ tehˍ (baby talk), tehˉ tehꞈ quietly, asleep tehˉ tehˍ mui ve sit quietlyˬ sit like a good child tehˉ tehˍ te ve (baby talk) to sleepˬ go night-night tehˬ the truth, a true thing, a real thing tehˬ ve be true tehꞈ marks the end of a quote tehꞈ buiˉ buiˉ-ehˬ short and puny tehꞈ poˆ be stumpy, low and broad (persons or objects) tehꞈve short and stubby teuˇ caˇve crave something to eat teuˇ dawˬ ve wish for something to drinkˍsmoke teuˇve look forward to, crave something teˆ kaꞈ k'ai ve go with little jerky repeated movements teˆ ve to jerk, move abruptly teˇ one, a, an, the whole, the first, the same teˇ (clf) (clf) the whole (clf), all the (clf)ˬ some (clf) or another teˇ (clf) baˬ the next (clf)ˉˉˉ teˇ (clf) hk'a gaˬ the whole (clf) teˇ (clf) k'awꞈ (v) to (v) another (clf) teˇ (clf) le le every (clf)ˬ whatever (clf) teˇ (clf) peuˬ teˇ (clf) one (clf) after the other teˇ (clf) ve (num) (num) per (clf), (num) apiece teˇ (clf1) teˇ (clf2) one (clf1) per (clf2) teˇ baꞈ keunˍ a baht and a half หนึ่งบาทครึ่ง teˇ ca te daꞈve be a married couple teˇ caw haˉ suddenly, abruptly teˇ caw haˉ suddenly, abruptly teˇ caw zuhˇ-ehˍ all aroundˬ the whole way around teˇ caweh poˬ ve fly around once teˇ caˆ k'awꞈ htehˍ hpeh mehˍ add one more cord to it! teˇ caˉ peuˬ teˇ caˉ generation after generation teˇ ceuˬ one thingˬ one kind of thing teˇ ceuˬ ceuˬ something or other teˇ ceuˬ ceuˬ something or other teˇ ceuˬ leh teˇ ceuˬ any kind of teˇ ceuˬ teˇ hk'euˇ sharing common ancestry, same lineage, family teˇ ceuˬ teˇ hkeuˇ one kindˬ the very same kind วงศ์ญาติ teˇ chi ten teˇ chi baꞈ ceh tiˉ leuˉ taˍ ve yoˬ only ten baht left. teˇ chi baꞈ k'awꞈ piˇ htehˍ mehˍ please add another ten baht. teˇ chi hk'a gaˬ g'aw ve (p. 265) count to ten นับถึงสิบ teˇ chi naˍ liꞈ gaˬ-oˬ it's now ten o'clock. teˇ chi nyiˇ twelve teˇ chi teˇ eleven teˇ chiˇ tiˉ paw jaw shawˍ it's only given birth once so far. teˇ chiˉ maˇ hkeuꞈ i don't have any work to do. ไม่ลำบากเลย teˇ co-e all of one's life teˇ cuˇ kaˆ-ehˬ a small group, a handful of people กลุ่มเล็กๆ, หยิบมือเดียว teˇ g'aˇ g'aˇ someone or other, anybody teˇ g'aˇ hkawˇ teˇ g'aˇ maˇ na when one speaks the other doesn't listen. teˇ g'aˇ htaꞈ teˇ g'aˇ (v) daꞈve to (v) one another teˇ g'aˇ kaꞈ maˇ (v) no one is (v)ing teˇ g'aˇ le le everyone teˇ g'aˇ le le aꞈ g'a cawˇve it must suitˍplease everyone. teˇ g'aˇ le le miˬ guiˬ awˬ hk'oˇ loˍ ve awˬ ceuˬ teˇ hpaˍ g'uiˬ sha te teh taˍ ve yoˬ god has made all the things that everybody needs on earth. teˇ g'aˇ peuˬ teˇ g'aˇ pa ve to take turns teˇ g'aˇ suhˆ cehˬ taˆ k'o teˇ g'aˇ hkui mehˉ k'awehꞈ htaꞈ g'awˬ ve one climbs a tree, the other pulls on the back of his knees. (proverb) teˇ g'aˇ te k'ai k'o, teˇ g'aˇ g'awˬ tiˍ when one person tries to go, another pulls him back. teˇ g'aˇ teˇ hk'oꞈ each person in his own field คนละหุบเขา teˇ g'aˇ teˇ kaꞈ (v) each person (v)s in a different place teˇ g'aˇ teˇ kaꞈ chehˇve for people to be separated, living apart teˇ g'aˇ teˇ maˬ (v) each person (v)s one (thing) teˇ g'aˇ teˇ pawˆ one person at a time teˇ g'aˇ tiˉ only one person, all by oneself teˇ g'aˇ...teˇ g'aˇ one... the other... teˇ g'oꞈ a household teˇ geh together teˇ geh awˬ ho caˇve eat together in a big group กินด้วยกัน teˇ geh dawꞈ daꞈve crowd close together teˇ geh te k'o lawˬ, teˇ geh caˇ k'o mehˬ work together and the load is light, eat together and the food tastes good. (proverb) teˇ geh teh ve assemble, meet in one place (intrasitive verb)ˬ put things together in one place (transitive verb) teˇ ha one hundred teˇ ha pa hkanˍ teˇ ha pa every other month teˇ haˉ htaˇ one night (past)... teˇ hinˉ baꞈ tanˬ leh awˬ hk'oˇ taˆ e ve maˇ heˆ k'o, maˇ te gaˇ o k'oˆ ma i don't want to do it unless (i get) at least 1000 baht. ถ้าไม่มากกว่าหนี่งพันบาทไม่อยากทำ teˇ hk'awꞈ uˉ beginning of the year ตลอดปี teˇ hk'aˆ hk'aˆ ve yaˇ miˇ ma a woman from some village or anotherˬ all the women from some village teˇ hk'aˆ teˇ lawˬ the whole village teˇ hk'aˇ the same lineage teˇ hk'e tiˉ suddenly, all at once ทันทีทันได teˇ hk'e tiˉ suddenly, all at once teˇ hk'eh lehˬ g'a piˇ-oˆ mehˍ good hunting! teˇ hkawehˇ one half (especially units of time) teˇ hkawehˇ naˍ liˍ half an hour teˇ hkawˇ one word, one voice teˇ hkawˇ-ehˍ only one wordˬ a synonym teˇ hkoˇ baˉ tiˉ suh ve be numb, paralyzed (one body part) อัมพาทครึ่งตัว teˇ hkoˇ nyi a k'o if we look at it from a certain point of view... teˇ hkui now, a while, a short time teˇ hkui gaˬ (e) leh... then, at that point, when the time cameˬ finally teˇ hkui gaˬ la yoˬ i'll be here in a moment teˇ hkui gaˬ leh... after a while... มาถึงเดี๋ยวนี้ teˇ hkui jehˇ aˍ sheˍ wait a minute! teˇ hkui k'o... in a short whileˬ pretty soon teˇ hkui law-a wait a minute! รอสักครู่ teˇ hkui sheˍ wait a minute! เดี๋ยวก่อน teˇ hkui sheˍ (mehˍ) wait a moment! wait a second! teˇ hkui teˇ hkui oftenˬ again and againˬ frequently teˇ hkui teˇ yanˇ occasionally, once in a while, temporarily ชั่วครู่ชั่วยาม teˇ hkui teˇ yanˇ (ceh) tiˉ temporarily, for a short while teˇ hkui teˇ yanˇ tiˉ temporarily ชั่วคราว teˇ hkui tiˉ at once, immediately เดี๋ยวนี้เท่านั้น teˇ hkui tiˉ at once, immediately, suddenly teˇ hkuˇ baˉ a pieceˬ a part teˇ hkuˇ baˉ suh ve be paralyzed in part of one's body teˇ hpawˇ one side (of a concrete object), one aspect (abstract, idea) teˇ hpawˇ k'oˆ k'o lehˬ... from one point of view, from a certain angle teˇ jaw peh one full 12-day week teˇ kaˆ k'awꞈ piˇ-a- give me another handful. ให้อีกหนึ่งกำ teˇ kaˬ kaˬ somewhere or other teˇ kaˬ kaꞈ maˇ k'ai i'm not going anywhere. teˇ kaˬ le le everywhere ทุกที่ teˇ keunˍ a half teˇ ku teꞈ ten million teˇ lanˬ one millionˬ 1,000,000 teˇ maˬ k'awꞈ cawˬ shawˍ there's still one left. teˇ maˬ peuˬ teˇ maˬ g'a hpuˇve to constantly encounter เจอแล้วเจออีก teˇ maˬ ve ngaˇ baꞈ five baht pieces teˇ meunˍ ten thousand teˇ mi (tiˉ) a short while, temporarily teˇ mi moˇ-e ve be stunnedˬ momentarily dazed teˇ mi zuhꞈve to sleep, nap for a time teˇ moˍ teˇ hk'euˇ people of the same lineage teˇ naˍ liˍ hkawehˇ an hour and a half หนึ่งชั่วโมงครึ่ง teˇ naˍ liˍ hkawehˇ an hour and a half teˇ naꞈ very early in the morning (4 a.m.) teˇ ne chiˇ teˇ ne nyiˉve interweave one fiber at a time teˇ nyi monday, one day teˇ nyi hkanˍ teˇ nyi every other day วันเว้นวัน teˇ nyi hkanˍ teˇ nyi every other day teˇ nyi hkanˍ teˇ nyi every other day teˇ nyi htaˇ one day (in past)ˬ on a certain day teˇ nyi k'o... someday teˇ nyi le le iˉ kaˆ hehˉ piˇ< give them a bath everyday! อาบน้ำให้ทุกวัน teˇ nyi mvuhˇ hk'a hpeuꞈ htawˇ all the livelong day ทั้งวัน, เช้าถึงเย็น teˇ nyi mvuhˇ hk'a hpeuꞈ htawˇ all day until it gets dark teˇ nyi nyiˇ nyi hk'e k'ai yoˬ one day seemed like two (because of all the trouble). teˇ nyi shehˆ pawˆ three times in a day teˇ nyi teˇ hkoˇ half a day ครึ่งวัน teˇ nyi teˇ nyi day after day teˇ pa a temporary dwelling teˇ pa some, a certain group of teˇ pa pa a few teˇ pawˆ once, one timeˬ for a while teˇ pawˆ ceh tiˉ only once teˇ pawˆ htaˇ once, some time ago teˇ pawˆ k'awꞈ (v) to (v) once againˬ (v) once more teˇ pawˆ k'awꞈ (vb) (vb) once again teˇ pawˆ k'awꞈ guiˇ la mehˍ please come and visit again! teˇ pawˆ lehˬ right away, at once ต่อไป teˇ pawˆ tiˉ all togetherˬ all of a suddenˬ only once teˇ pawˆ-ehˍ right nowˬ right awayˬ at once teˇ pawˆ-ehˍ kaꞈ even onceˬ ever teˇ pawˆ-ehˍ kaꞈ (maˇ k'ai jaw) never ไม่เคยเลย teˇ pawˆ-ehˍ kaꞈ maˇ te jaw to have never (v)ed even once teˇ paˉ one sideˬ one of a pair teˇ peuˬ-ehˬ dawˬ ve to take a sip, drink a mouthful teˇ sehnˉ one hundred thousand, 100,000 teˇ sha g'uˇ half a dayˬ the first part of the day teˇ shawˉ one morningˬ early in the morning teˇ shiˍ ve shehˆ hkoˇ shehˆ hkoˇ tawˆ laˇ mehˍ cut each ball into three pieces, please หนึ่งลูกแบ่งเป็นสามส่วน teˇ tanˇ henˇ awnˬ ve be promoted one grade จบป.หนึ่ง teˇ tawn nehˉ teˇ tawn nehˉ tiˉ te ve do half-heartedly, procrastinate about doing, hesitatingly teˇ tawn nehˉ teˇ tawn nehˉ tiˉ te ve do half-heartedly teˇ tcuhˉ teˇ yanˇ temporarily, for a time, for a couple of weeks teˇ to one's whole body teˇ to ve awˬ mvuhꞈ ku the whole skeleton, every bone โคลงกระดุก teˇ vuiˇ lo at a certain distanceˬ a little distance away teˇ yanˇ htaˇ (k'o) whenˬ while teˇ yanˇ le le wheneverˬ always teˇ yanˇ le le always teˇ yehˬ tiˉ a single house(hold) teˍ hpehˇve nudge something free teˍ keu ve nudge something (into place) teˍ pehˍve crush to death teˍve to pound, crush, squeeze, wear away by friction teˬ hkawehˇ tiˉ only one wordˬ a whole word teꞈ chiˉ at allˬ in the slightestˬ anythingˬ nothing teꞈ chiˉ awˬ bon cawˬ tuˬ ve maˇ heˆ there's nothing to be gained by that. teꞈ chiˉ awˬ bon maˇ tawˆ law no good came of it! it didn't do any good! teꞈ chiˉ maˇ (v) not (v) anythingˬ (v) nothingˬ not (v) at all teꞈ chiˉ maˇ heˆ nevermind, no problem, it doesn't matterˬ you're welcome teꞈ chiˉ maˇ te te leh... not doing anything teꞈ teꞈve as a living thing teꞈ tu ve come alive teꞈve be alive tho la saˆ telephone (thai) ti felon, whitlow (inflammation of finger or toe, near nail) ti a place ti mi lowland irrigated rice-field ti mi awˍ veꞈ peh jaˇ law there are plenty of leeches in the patty fields. ti mi hk'aˇ irrigation channel in paddy-field ti mi hk'aˇ k'awˇve make a path through a paddy-field ti mi hpfuhˍ tehˇ dike around a paddy field ti mi htaiˉve plow a wet-rice field ti naˬ ve be in pain from a felon ti paw ve be fixed, stable (of one's residence)ˬ birthplaceˉ ti paw ve be fixedˬ permanent (residence) ti poˍ ti sha safe and happy place (red lahu) ti sha a happy place (animist) ti tawˆ ve get a felon, have a felon develop ti ve to plant, implant, stick firmly into ti ve hk'a ve plant and sow, do the planting ปลูก ti ve hk'a ve plant and sow ti yeˬ ve be firmly planted, rooted in one place (plant, person) tinˍ an asian musical instrument, guitar, banjo, harp tinˍ shiˉ violin, home-made instrument played with bow tinˍ shiˉ hteˆ ve play the violin tinˍ shiˉve tune a stringed instrument tiˆ kaˍlaˍ uˆ giraffe, cameleopard tiˆ tiˆ k'ai ve, tiˆ tiˆ te ve to beat (as a pulse), tick (as a clock) tiˆ ve saturate, soak, moisten, dip in a liquid tiˇ caˇve kill for food, slaughter to eat tiˇ loˍve assault verbally, scold soundly tiˇ pehˍ (piˇ)ve to murder, cross out (wrong words), switch off, turn off tiˇve kill, strike a fatal blow, attack tiˉ only tiˉ hk'aˆ hpui buttonhole tiˉ hk'aˆ shiˍ a button tiˉ hk'aˆ shiˍ hpui ve unbutton a button tiˉ pawehꞈ fetlock (bony protrusion on animal's leg, near hoof) tiˉ shiˆ muiˬ ve to whistle tiˉ tehˆ shehˍ ma click beetle tiˉ tuˬ pestle tiˉve to button tiˍ gaˆ ve to strum a guitar tiˍ hehˆ taˬ violin bow tiˍ hehˆ taˬ violin bow tiˍ hteˆ jawˬ ve practice playing the guitar tiˍ hteˆ tuˬ ve plectrum, guitar-pick tiˍ naˍ paw pegs of a guitar tiˍ naˍ paw peg of a guitar tiˍve restrain, hold back, fix in place tiˬ earthworm tiˬ ve whittle, scrape with a knife tiˬ ve be impure, unclean, muddy tiꞈ tawˍ contact someone, get in touch wˍsomeone to a plainˬ flat area to body, self to clf for bodies, (for animals - red lahu) to bo ma wife of an animist priest to bo paˍ an animist priest to bo to htaˇ high priest to chi teˇ kaˬ k'ehˬ jaˇ this plain is very broad. to hkawˍ toˍ mehꞈ-a abundant yield and rich income to hkaˉ to li framework of the floor of a houseˬ flooring to meuˇ red pineapple to nu to shaˆ htawnˍ zoo to nuˇ to shaˆ animals, creatures to nuˇ to shaˆ htawnˍ zoo to suh viˇ aˇ suh the body is dead but the stinger lives. (proverb) toˆ table toˆ clf for layers, levelsˬ cohorts, schoolmates, peers toˆ petal (flower) toˆ daꞈve be together but separable, be one on top of the other toˆ ve lay one atop another, stack things up toˆ ve divide into shares toˇ guiˇve wander around for pleasure, at leisure toˇ paˍ zuhˬ ma male and female travellersˬ people on the road toˇ toˇ k'awꞈ k'awꞈ te ve pace back and forth ไปไปมามา toˇ toˇ k'awꞈ k'awꞈve coming and going, to and fro toˇve walk along, roam around, go around toˉ laꞈ beamˬ lateral wooden roof-support toˉ yaˬ example, sample toˍ laꞈ (k'uˉ) wing toˍ laꞈ k'uˉ nawꞈve have wings มีบีก toꞈ daꞈve to burn well toꞈve burn, be on fire tsuh barking-deer tsuh hpu k'aˍ a barking-deer buck tsuh kuˇ te a kind of vine tsuh pehˇ night wasp tsuh tu a balance, a scale tsuh ve to weigh (something) tsuhˆ clf for handfuls tsuhˆ fiˍve squeeze something dry, wring out liquid from something tsuhˆ ve chaˆ ve bear a bitter grudge against tsuhˇ lungs tsuhˇ fuiˉve wash something and put it on someone (clothes) tsuhˇ kehˬ ve wash clean, purify by washing tsuhˇve to wash tsuhˇve close off, obstruct, plug tsuhˇ-ehˆ tsuhˇ-ehˆ te hawˬ ve whimper, cry softly tsuhˬ dawˬ leh ji jaw te ve stagger after drinking tsuhꞈ clf for bundles, packets tsuhꞈ kawˆ ve tie together มัดติดกัน tsuhꞈ kawˆ ve tie together tsuhꞈ taˆ ve tie up and carry tsuhꞈve to tie, make a knot tu (clf) young plant, sapling tu caˇve eat standing up tu gaˬ ve get up, stand up, manage to get up tu huˉve stand up, rise tu la oˬ laˇ good morning อรูณสวัสดิ์ tu la oˬ laˇ good morning! tu mui ve sit up, rise into a sitting position tu ve get up, rise tuiˬ hpaw-e ve run away in frightˬ flee in terror tuiˬ ve to flee (in fright) tuiꞈ kuiˉ-e in a hopeless situationˬ at the end of one's rope tuiꞈve reach the limitˬ be at the end of one's rope, unable to act further tunˇ clf for basketfuls tuˇ cupboard, cabinet tuˇ handle, holes made for planting seeds tuˇ for free, gratuitously tuˇ aˬ hk'e leˇ pehˬ piˇve distribute freely tuˇ aˬ hk'e leˇ, hk'e leˇ tuˇ-aˬ freely tuˇ kaˆ hkawˇ an extra syllable put in to "sound good"ˬ a particle, syllable with no meaning of it's own tuˇ shuˍ aꞈ for no good reason, unexpectedly tuˇve (slang) to fire, shoot tuˉ ball (clf) tuˉ baˬ ve burn up, burn away tuˉ chiˆ ve scorch, burn something (on purpose) tuˉ chiˆ ve burn something, scorch something (on purpose) tuˉ hkeuꞈve singe tuˉ hpehˇve set fire to, set off a fire (burning a field) tuˉ li paˍ li k'ai ve to go head over heals, rolling over and over tuˉ maˇ toꞈ (puiˉ) does not catch fire, cannot light tuˉ moˉve expose to fire, apply fire to tuˉ paˍ kaꞈ k'ai ve do a somersault tuˉ piˇ ve, tuˉ laˇve put bad motive towards others ใส่ร้าย tuˉ tanˇ kuiˬ altar tuˉve burn something, light something on fire tuˉ-ehˬ bulging, lumpy, rounded tuˉ-ehˬ bvuhˉ-ehˬ all puffed-up, swollen tuˍ hpfuh a grave, a tomb tuˍ hpfuh cawˬ kuiˬ gravesite, cemetery tuˍve bury (in the ground) tuꞈ cawˬ buddhist monk tuꞈ cawˬ buddhist monk tuꞈ chehˇ hkanˍ chehˇve be continually distressed tuꞈ hkanˍ tcuh ve cause someone distress, torment someone tuꞈ hkanˍve be troubled, distressed, suffering, experiencing tuꞈve be poor, in distress, suffer tzuh summit, top part tzuh kuiˬ a hiding place tzuh ve remain stationary, stand still tzuhˆ hk'aˇ prurient, immoral desires tzuhˆ kuiˬ an itchy place tzuhˆ ve itch tzuhˆ-aˬ itchy tzuhˇ (g'uiˬ) urine tzuhˇ hawˆ ve lose control of one's bladder tzuhˇ hpfuhˇ naˬ ve have a bladder infection tzuhˇ juˆ taˇ te, a yehˉ yehˉ te< don't do it sloppy, do it carefully! tzuhˇ juˆ te ve do roughly, without gentleness tzuhˇ piˉ kawˆ pisspot, urinal tzuhˇ piˉ pfuhˍve urinate on tzuhˇ piˉve urinate tzuhˇ piˉve urinateˬ piss ปัจสาวะ tzuhˇ tehˆ ve examine urine tzuhˇ tehˆ ve examine urine, urinalysis tzuhˇve snap back at someone, irritableˬ irritate someone tzuhˬ liquor, intoxicating drink tzuhˬ dawˬ hk'eh ve drink to excess, be a problem drinker tzuhˬ dawˬ ve to drink liquor, alcohol tzuhˬ dawˬ ve drink liquor tzuhˬ dawˬ ve tiˉ te ve all he does is drink liquor. tzuhˬ hpeuˬ (lonˉ) a drunkard (an alcoholic) tzuhˬ maˇ dawˬ ve k'o daꞈ leuˉ ve yoˬ if you don't drink liquor it's much better. tzuhˬ pi chehˇ htaˇ awˬ fuˇ ehˉ tawˆ la ve when liquor is fermenting little bubbles come out. tzuhˬ ponˍ an alcoholic ขี้เหล้า tzuhˬ taw ve give liquor to drink tzuhˬ tzuhˬ k'ai ve goˍwalkˍmarch abreast tzuhˬ-ehˬ te huˉve stand in a straight line close together tzuhꞈ baˬ ve tear off tzuhꞈ cheˆ ve tear into two pieces tzuhꞈ luˬ ve ruinˍdestroy by tearing tzuhꞈ suhˍve tear off, tear apart tzuhꞈ taˆ ve tear upwards tzuhꞈve to tear, rip tzuhꞈ-ehˬ sparkling u deu ve swingˬ hang from uiˉ kuiˬ a place where important people are, important place uiˍ chaweh keu ve put in quite a large amount uiˍ htonˍve reach the limit of one's growth uiˍ la mvuh la ve to progress, advance in life เติบโต uiˍ lonˉ o on a large scale, in a big way uiˍ lonˉ o ve (n) the biggest (n) คนใหญ่นั้น uiˍ lonˉ o ve awˍ hpuꞈ the biggest rice cake uiˍ sha mvuh sha ve grow fast โตเร็ว uiˍ shehˍ mvuh shehˍ hpaˇ the most high ผู้สูงสุด uiˍ tuiꞈve reach the limits of one's growth, as big as it will get uiˍve big, large, great ใหญ่ uˇ nyiˉ turbanˬ towel wrapped around the head uˇ nyiˉ hpaˉ ceꞈ a towel ผ้าโพกหัว uˉ ceuˬ miˬ ceuˬ the whole of something, from head to tail uˉ gehˇ pillow uˉ gehˇ tcuhˉve put a pillow under one's head uˉ gehˇ te ve make a pillowˬ use as a pillow uˉ hk'eh tu hair bun, chignon uˉ hkeh hpehˇve braid the hair ปล่อยผม uˉ hkeh mvuh hair of the head เส้นผม uˉ hkeh mvuh aꞈ gaˆ peu ve brush hair away uˉ hkeh pui ve comb one's hair หวีผม uˉ hkeuꞈ tcuhˉve wear a head-basket uˉ hpu cheꞈve have a headache from changing weather uˉ htuˉ puiˍ the side or direction where the head is uˉ nawꞈ nehˆ the brain uˉ nawꞈ nehˆ vaiˇve intelligent (quick-minded) สมองไว uˉ paˍ maˍ awˬ suhˉ teˇ maˬ te maˍ laˇ hpehꞈ laˇ can you give me another exampleˉ ยกตัวอย่างใหม่ได้ใหม uˉ paˍ maˍ te k'o awˍ for example... ตัวอย่าง uˉ paˍ maˍ te maˍve to give an example ยกอุทาหรณ์ uˉ tcuh hk'awˆ ve put on a hat, wear a hat สวมหมวก vaˇ awˬ tawn tawn nehˉ tawˆ ve cut bamboo into sections ตัดไม้ไผ่เป็นท่อนๆ vaˇ meu-e suhˆ hawˆ hk'oˇ htaꞈ k'a teunˇ taˍve the snow had fallen thickly on the trees. vaˇ meu-eh k'a ve snow falls หิมะตก vaˇ meu-eh pehˬ a snowy slope vaˇ meu-ehˬ tsuhˆ snowball vaˇ nawehˬ tu fresh young bamboo that springs up after burning a field vaˇ nawehˬ tuˬ fresh new bamboo หน่อไม้ไผ่ vaˇ ne bamboo strip (used for tying) vaˇ ne tiˬ ve whittle bamboo strips vaˇ shiˍ hkawˇve hail is thick ลูกเห็ดเยอะ vaˇ taˬ a bamboo pole vaˇ teˇ tcuhˉ a sectionˍjoint of bamboo vaˇ tu young bamboo plant vaˇ tu teˇ tu one bamboo sapling vaꞈ chu chi dawꞈ jaˇ this pork-fat is disgusting. vaꞈ dawˆ ve kill a pig vaꞈ goˬ ve scrawny pig vaꞈ guˬ te ve go off to sulk, refuse to see people vaꞈ hk'ehˇ pehˇ wasp with yellowˍblack stripes vaꞈ hk'o ve call a pig เรียกหมู vaꞈ nyi kuˇ shaˍ spareribs vaꞈ sha hkeuꞈ-e ve the pork is burnt. เนื้อหมูไหม้ vaꞈ sha htaw chiˇve hang up pieces of pork vaꞈ shaˍ tcuhˇ taˇ ca caˇ, kawˆ kuiˬ cawˬ mehˍ don't go eating raw pork, it's dangerous! vaꞈ teˇ chiˇ a litter of pigs vaꞈ, g'aˆ, nuˇ chi ngaˬ ve deˇ deˇ yoˬ these pigs, chickens and cattle are all mine. vb & a nyi try and (vb) vb & a te try and (vb), plan to (vb) vb & maˇ tanˇ sheˍ not ready yet (to vb) ไม่ว่าง vb & maˇ taˬ-oˬ be tired of + vb, mai wai leew ve (teˇ ha pa ve nyiˇ pawˆ) per veh naˉ hiˉ naˉ struggle selfishly for an unfair share veh naˉve claim too large a share for oneself veh teh ve lay claim by leaving a visible sign of ownershipˬ reserveˉ vehˬ kuiˬ jaw kuiˬ place one goes to avoid people vehꞈ tcuhˉ taˍve keep wearing venˇ awˬ hkuiˉ peuˬ capital city เมืองเริ่มแรก venˇ awˬ hkuiˉ puiˍ capital city, principal town เมืองหลวง venˇ baˆ ca taˍve to accuse someone, take a matter before authority venˇ baˆ hk'a peuˬ-eˬ ngaˬ awˬ hk'oˆ taˇ teˍ la laˇ sheˍ don't go putting all the blame on me! venˇ baˆ hk'ai maˍve confess a sin สารภาพบาป venˇ baˆ ponˬ ve be saved from sin venˇ baˆ taˍve accuse someone venˇ hk'aw to the city เมือง venˇ ta meuꞈ city wall veuꞈ daꞈve dress well veuꞈ htoˆ k'aˇ htoˆ layers of clothingˬ plenty to wear veuꞈ k'aˇ awˬ suhˉ jiˇve put on new clothes veuꞈ k'aˇ jiˇve put on one's best clothes, get all dressed up veuꞈ k'aˇ pa piˇ htaiˍ piˇve change someone's clothes เปลี่ยนเสื้อผ้า veuꞈ k'aˇ tsuhˇve wash clothes veuꞈ ve deh ve wearˬ be attired veꞈ lehˬ chaw ve awˬ suhˍ chawꞈ puiˉve leeches can suck people's blood vi daꞈve nice and dry vi goˇ ehˬ ve all dried up viˆhta ya saꞈ science viˇ tehꞈ ve, hk'ehˇ tehꞈve fart, break wind vuiˇ kuiˬ neˇ kuiˬ lo g'a kaˇ jaw ve has been heard near and far (famous) ได้ยินทั้งใกล้และไกล vuiˬ cheˆ ve buy out, buy outright, pay last installment on something vuiˬ chi hk'aw chehˇve the snake is coiled up งูอยู่รูนี้ vuiˬ chi teˇ ceuˬ awˬ ta lawehˆ te ve laˇ does this kind of snake have stripesˉ vuiˬ htawˆ ve a snake bites vuiˬ kawˬ snake venom vuiˬ laiˉ hkeh several snakes งูหลายตัว vuiˬ naˆ king cobra vuiˬ oˇ teˇ ceuˬ htawˆ laˇ k'o nawˬ suh tuˬ yoˬ if that kind of snake bites you, you will die. vuiˬ paˍ buyerˬ customer ผู้ซื้อ ya naˉve get one's way by being childish and stubborn yaw maˇ piꞈ speak incorrectlyˬ mumble one's words พูดไม่ชัด yawˆ yan hkawˇ respectful language คำให้ความนับถือ yawˇ awˬ ceuˬ teˇ ceuˬ le le caˇ hpehꞈve he can eat anything at all. เขากินได้ทุกสิ่งทุกอย่าง yawˇ awˬ han te cheuˬ jaˇ he's very good at drawing pictures. yawˇ awˬ miˇ ma chaw aꞈ hka puiˉ a his wife is always criticizing people. ภรรยาของเขาขวางคนเก่ง yawˇ awˬ to kaꞈ peˍ puiˉve he can even change his bodily shape. yawˇ aˉ hk'aw k'oꞈ-e htaˇ awˬ miˇ ma maˇ cawˬ. when he got home his wife wasn't there. yawˇ aˉ vaˬ geh k'awꞈ la oˬ he has returned from the lawa. yawˇ aꞈ chi hk'e k'oˆ piˇ< tell that to him. yawˇ aꞈ kawˉlawˉ dawˇ aˍ ve yaˇ i thought he was a northern thai! yawˇ aꞈ maˇ tcuh gaˇ, te maˇ puiˉ hehˉ i don't want to send him, he probably couldn't do it. yawˇ aꞈ taˇ tawnˇ piˇ< do not remember him! yawˇ aꞈ teˇ g'aˇ g'aˇ tcuh peu a have somebody or other send him. yawˇ bon htaꞈ chiˇ mvuh ve, k'a muiˬ chiˇ mvuh chehˇ we praise his grace, with songs we praise it yawˇ caˇ tehˬ tehˬ ve maˇ heˆ. he's really not eating. yawˇ caˇve be corroded, eaten by rust yawˇ chaw daꞈ ve htaꞈ ngaˬ hkanˍ ve yoˬ i guarantee that he's a good person. เขาเป็นคนดี ฉันรับรองได้ yawˇ chaw daꞈ ve htaꞈ ngaˬ hkanˍ ve yoˬ i guarantee that he has a good character yawˇ chehˇ haˍ ve htaꞈ pa taw leh ta kawˬ-aˬ because of his illness there was some delay. yawˇ daꞈ la tuˬ te ve he's trying to make it better. yawˇ g'aˆ u lawˬ taˍ ve yoˬ he had already asked for chicken eggs. yawˇ geh ca na< mehˍ go to him and ask! yawˇ hk'a cawˇ cawˇ k'aˍ hk'ehꞈ puiˉve he can dance fairly well เขาสามารถเต้นรำพอใช้ได้ yawˇ hk'a mawˬ daꞈ ve teˇ g'aˇ le le htaꞈ g'uiˬ ve he smiles at whoever he meets. ยิ้มให้ทุกดนที่เขาพบ yawˇ hk'a shiˍ gaˇ ve awˬ ceuˬ all the things he wants to know สิ่งที่เขาอยากรู้ yawˇ hk'a shiˍ gaˇ ve teˇ hpaˍ a ciˉ hk'a dehꞈ ga hto piˇ-oˆ mehˍ please help explain to him nicely everything he wants to know. บอกสิ่งที่เขาอยากรู้หน่อยนะ yawˇ hk'awˬ kaꞈ chehˇ ve le where is he (at the moment)ˉ, where does he liveˉ เขาอยู่ที่ไหน yawˇ hk'aˆ sheh htaꞈ a ciˉ chu ve he's fatter than the headman. yawˇ hk'aˇ yawˇ he himself, by himself ตัวเขาเอง yawˇ hk'aˇ yawˇ oꞈve conceited, braggart yawˇ hk'aˇ yawˇ toꞈ puiˉve capable of burning all by itselfˬ be spontaneously combustable yawˇ hk'aˬ htaˆ kaꞈ chi hk'e ca te toˇve he's always going around acting like that. yawˇ hk'aˬ htaˆ kaꞈ tcuhˇ tcuhˬ-aꞈ na laˇ ve na bawˬ jaˇ i'm tired of how he's always asking me questions! yawˇ hk'e lehˬ, as for someone like him, yawˇ hk'e ve chaw a person like him คนที่เหมือนเขา yawˇ hpaw-e htaˇ htaꞈ nawˬ dawˇ nawˇ laˇ do you remember the time he ran awayˉ yawˇ hpu cawˬ naˍ maˇ cawˬ naˍ nawˬ g'a shiˍ-oˬ laˇ have you found out yet whether he has any money or notˉ yawˇ hpu cawˬ ve hk'aˬ ma ma maˇ heˆ he doesn't have all that much money. เขามีเงินไม่มาก yawˇ htaꞈ heuˆ tehˬ tehˬ ve yoˬ. it really did hit him. yawˇ htaꞈ hk'aˆ sheh hpehꞈ tcuh ve aꞈ nawˬ nyi ma cawˇ aˬ laˇ are you in favor of making him headman. yawˇ htaꞈ miˬ guiˬ jawˇ mawˇ hk'aˆ sheh taˍ teh piˇ ve yoˬ. the government has appointed him headman. yawˇ htaꞈ te deˇ chehˇve they are scolding him yawˇ hui caˇ tuˬ maˇ cawˬ ve pa taw (leh) suh peuˬ-oˬ they died because they had nothing to eat. เขาตายหมดเพราะไม่มีอาหารกิน yawˇ hui ceˇmaiˬ awˍ caˇ tuˬ ve tiˉ maˬ heˆ. they won't just eat in chiang mai. yawˇ hui chaw tawˇ deˇ deˇ maˇ heˆ they're not all eunuchs. yawˇ hui haꞈ daꞈ ngaw ngaw te ve they're at the point of falling in love. yawˇ hui kawˆ jaˇ leh tuiˬ ve they fled in fright yawˇ hui kaꞈ tuˍ hkanꞈ jaˇ tehˬ tehˬ ve yoˬ. they were also suffering quite a lot. yawˇ hui laˬ tuˬ ve deˇ deˇ yoˬ all of them will come. yawˇ hui tiˉ k'o nawˇ awˍ ya finˍ ti caˇ ve nehˬ-awˍ i wouldn't be surprised if they grew opium up there. yawˇ hui yaꞈ daꞈ ngaw ngaw te ve they're on the verge of ˍjust about to quarelling. yawˇ iˉ kaˆ hk'aw loꞈ-e htaˇ hkanˍ maw ve yoˬ he can stay under water a long time. เชาดำน้ำได้นาน yawˇ k'ai htawˇ ngaˬ maˇ k'ai gaˇ even if he goes, i don't want to go. yawˇ k'awꞈ la htaˇ hk'a gaˬ up until the time he comes back yawˇ k'awꞈ la ve ha pa hk'aˬ ve htaꞈ le in which month will he come backˉ yawˇ k'awꞈ la ve htaꞈ ngaˬ dawˇ law ve yoˬ. i hope that he comes back. yawˇ kanˉ te caˬ jaˇ he's a very good worker. yawˇ kanˉ te kaiˬ jaˇ he's a very hard workerˍindustrious. เขาขยันทำงาน yawˇ kaˇlaˇ hpu hkawˇ yaw puiˉ muiˬ suh-ehˬ te ve he pretends that he can speak english. yawˇ laˇhuˍ tcuhˬ tcuhˬ aˬ maˇ heˆ, kaˇlaˇ hpu tcuhˬ tcuhˬ aˬ maˇ heˆ, awˬ hpehꞈ yoˬ. he's not a real lahu, not a real white man, he's a half-breed. yawˇ laˬ htawˇ maˇ laˬ htawˇ teꞈ chiˉ maˇ heˆ it doesn't matter whether he comes or not. yawˇ laˬ ve htaꞈ ngaˬ hui dawˇ law ve yoˬ. we're looking forward to his coming. yawˇ laꞈ sheh aꞈ hk'aw kuiˬ cawˬ ve he has an open wound on his arm. yawˇ liꞈ g'aw hpehꞈ ngaw ngaw k'ai ve he can almost read now! yawˇ liꞈ hpu g'aˇ hteꞈ hkehˬ ca chehˇ mawˬ-aˬ there he is seeking intently through the bible! yawˇ maˇ shiˍ ve hkawˇ it's probably because he doesn't understand. คำที่เขาไม่รู้ yawˇ naˬ htaˇ naˆ tcuhˇ dawˬ hkawˇ maˇ nawˇ ve awˍ when he's sick, doesn't have the sense to take medicine. yawˇ ngaˬ htaꞈ taꞈ laˇ leh yawˇ ve mehˆ hpfuhˇ aꞈ maˇ k'awꞈ mawˬ gaˇ he has offended me, and i never want to see his face again. yawˇ ngaˬ hui hk'oˆ awˍ uiˍ ve hk'e te ve he acts as if he's superior to us. เขาวางอำนาจบนเรา yawˇ pon for his sake yawˇ shaˍ bawˆ hk'aˇ aˬ he's a good hunter เขาล่าสัตว์เก่ง yawˇ shu hkawˇ jawˬ puiˉ jaˇ he's very good at imitating other's voices, impersonating yawˇ tawˇ maˇ jaˇ he talks your ear off. yawˇ tawˇ yaw ve piꞈ jaˇ he speaks very clearly. เขาพูดชัดเจนมาก yawˇ taˆ ve get overripe, get rusty yawˇ taˍ wunˍ yuˬ tuˬ kawˆ ve he's afraid to take any responsibility. yawˇ teˇ ceuˬ k'oˆ leh teˇ ceuˬ te ve he's a hypocrite. he says one thing and does another. yawˇ teˇ ha pa ve teˇ meunˍ baꞈ caˇ ve yoˬ he lives on 10,000 baht a month. yawˇ teꞈ chehˇ shawˍ. he is still alive. yawˇ teꞈ chiˉ yaꞈ kuiˬ maˇ cawˬ he's completely innocentˬ he didn't do anything wrong. yawˇ tiˉ k'o aˬ ma te htawˇ ha leh paw ve maˇ heˆ whatever that guy does, he screws up. yawˇ tiˉ k'o maˇ te hpehꞈ naˉ if it's him, i doubt he can do it. yawˇ uˉ yawˇ tan for his sake, in order to help him yawˇ vaꞈ hk'e chu ve yoˬ he's fat as a pig เขาอว้นเหมือนหมู yawˇ ve a shaꞈ awˬ leh meuˇ htaˇ at the end of his life yawˇ ve hpawˇ chehˇve support, cooperate อยู่ฝ่ายเขา yawˇ ve hpu hk'a peu-eˬ all of his money เงินทั้งหมดของเขา yawˇ ve mehˆ hpfuhˇ kuiˉ tsuhꞈ ui k'ai ve his face is all scarred up. หน้าของเขาเหี่ยวย่นมากขึ้น yawˇ veuꞈ ve awˍ pehˉ keu deˇ deˇ yoˬ all he's wearing is rags. yawˇ yaw ve hkawˇ the words he spoke เสียงพูดของเขา yawˇ yaˇ ehˉ htaꞈ zuhꞈ tcuh ve she put the baby to sleep. yawˇ yehˬ awˬ suhˉ daꞈ daꞈ ve te-a tehˬ nyi dawˇ chehˇve he's been intending to build himself a fine new house. yawˬ guiˬ sheepskin yaˇ caˆ cheˆ piˇve break off relations with a child yaˇ caˆ tawˆ ve have a vasectomy yaˇ ceh duˬ ceh children and their spouses yaˇ cehˬ k'a twin ฝาแฝด yaˇ cehˬ k'a teˇ ceh a pair of twins yaˇ chi teˇ maˬ tzuhˇ jaˇ k'oˆ ma that kid is really irritating meˍgetting on my nerves. yaˇ dawꞈve have morning sicknessˬ be nauseated during pregnancy yaˇ duiˆ-ehˬ k'a duiˆ-ehˬ bustling with domestic activity yaˇ ehˉ aꞈ aˉ htaw lonˉ chi taˇ piˇ don't give this big knife to a child. อย่าให้มีดใหญ่กับเด็ก yaˇ ehˉ chi hawehˉ-ehˬ ve a tiny baby, infant yaˇ ehˉ hk'e like a child เหมือนเด็ก yaˇ gaˇve pacify a baby (by playing wˍ it) โอ๋ลูก yaˇ guiˇve unborn child moves around in womb yaˇ hkanˉ suh ve child dies during birth เกิดลูกตาย yaˇ hoꞈ yaˇ duiˆ-ehˬ with childish noise yaˇ htiˆ ve wrap a baby in a swaddling cloth yaˇ k'a duˬ k'a descendants สืบสกุล yaˇ k'a duˬ k'a children and grandchildren yaˇ kuiˇve have one's children spaced มีลูกห่าง yaˇ miˇ ehˉ chi awˬ e chehˆ nehˉ aˍ ve hk'e yoˬ this little girl is the spitting image of her mother. yaˇ miˇ ehˉ chi awˬ e chehˆ nehˉ aˍ ve hk'e yoˬ this little girl is the image of her mother. yaˇ miˇ ehˉ chi hkui sheh laꞈ sheh dawˆ-ehˬ k'ai ve this girl's legs and arms have gotten nice and plump. yaˇ miˇ g'a guiˇ ve htaꞈ tiˉ jehˬ ve yoˬ all they talk about is visiting the girls yaˇ miˇ g'a kuiˬ ve htaꞈ tiˉ jehˬ ve yoˬ all he talks about is getting a girl to marry. yaˇ miˇ hawˇ lehꞈ kuiˬ yehˬ brothel ซ่อง yaˇ miˇ haˉ oˇ ve ngaˬ caˆ jaˇ i'm really attracted to that girl! yaˇ miˇ k'ehꞈ leh hawˉ hk'aˆ paˍ teˇ geh k'ai tuˬ ve both men and women will go together. yaˇ nehˬ youthˬ adolescent boyˬ young man yaˇ paw be awˇ nyi gaˬ-oˬ she has been in labor for four days now. yaˇ paw piˇ shehˍ ma midwife yaˇ paw shehˍ ma woman giving birthˬ woman in childbirth yaˇ paw suh ve dead at birth (of child or mother) yaˇ paw ve a child is bornˬ give birth to a child yaˇ paˍ chi kawˆ tuˬ te chehˇ k'oˆ ma they're making this boy afraid! yaˇ paˍ-oˬ, nawˬ shaˇ pehˍ hpuˇ maˇ pawˆ sheˍ law - uˉ hkeh mvuh aꞈ ngawˉ taˍ shawˍ hey kid, you haven't got the soapsuds off yet - they're still sticking to your hair! yaˇ paˍ-oˬ, yehˬ miˉ chi htaꞈ teꞈ chiˉ taˇ ca tcuhˉ hey kid, don't go sticking anything to this door. yaˇ pfuhˇ yaˇ jawˇ having one's hands full with children yaˇ pi pfuhˇve carry around a child wrapped in a cloth สะพายลูก yaˇ tcuhˬ-aˬ one's own child (not adopted) yaˇ te jaˇve induce an abortion yaˇ-ehˉ taˆ ve carry a baby yaˍ cuˍ tsuh ve weigh with a scale yaˍ finˍ dawˬ ve htaꞈ caˉ daꞈ ve tcuhˉ kuiˬ the consequences involved in smoking opium yaˍ finˍ tawˍve break off opium habit yaˬ-oˬ pawꞈ yeah! sure! that's right! yaꞈ daꞈ dawˆ daꞈ come to blows in a quarrel yaꞈ daꞈ jiˆ daꞈ bicker and quarrel, be at odds yaꞈ hpawˇ jiˆ hpawˇ the wrong side of the dispute yaꞈ k'aw awˬ hk'aw lo on one's wayˬ enroute ในถนน yaꞈ k'aw ceh fork in the road yaꞈ k'aw chi k'ehˬ jaˇ this road is very wide ทางนี้กว้างมาก yaꞈ k'aw chi teˇ caˆ maˇ pawnˍ this road doesn't go throughˬ this isn't a through road. yaꞈ k'aw chi teˇ caˆ tawꞈ naˬ ve i'm sick of going on this road. yaꞈ k'aw choˬ paˉ awˍ on this side of the road ถนนด้านนี้ yaꞈ k'aw hk'aˇ suh along the trail ไปตามถนน yaꞈ k'aw hpuiˇ tsuhˇ-e ve blockˍclose off a road yaꞈ k'aw htaiˉ baˬ ve grade a road, level out a road yaꞈ k'aw jaˇ wayside, roadside yaꞈ k'aw ji ve clear a pathˍtrail yaꞈ k'aw juˇve walk along a path yaꞈ k'aw k'awˇve clear the land for a road ถางถนน yaꞈ k'aw k'awꞈ bend in a road ทางโค้ง yaꞈ k'aw kaꞈ iˉ kaˆ dawˬ tuˬ cawˬ laˇ is there water for drinking on the roadˉ yaꞈ k'aw laiˉ caˆ ceh daꞈ kuiˬ a place where several roads meet yaꞈ k'aw na the upper part of the road, the road ahead yaꞈ k'aw naˉve road is overgrown yaꞈ k'aw paˇ lo near the roadˬ at the roadblock ใกล้ทาง yaꞈ k'aw tawˍve block the way, block someone's way yaꞈ k'aw teˇ caˆ a road yaꞈ k'aw teˇ vuiˇ nyiˇ vuiˇ cawˬ ceˇ they say it's one or two stretches away. yaꞈ nyi awˍ hk'e leh as for today, today now... วันนี้ก็... yaꞈ nyi awˬ nyi daꞈ-aˬ it's a good day. there's a good day for it. วันนี้อากาศดี yaꞈ nyi awˬ pon peuˬ oˬ laˇ have you finished for todayˉ จบสำหรับวันนี้ yaꞈ nyi gawˬ jaˇ it's very chilly today. yaꞈ nyi hk'a gaˬ mehˆ ceh kaˍ lo cheˆ kuˉ lehꞈ hpehꞈ sheˍ ve yoˬ. and to this day he has a dent in between his eyes. yaꞈ nyi hk'aˬ nyiˇ nyi le what's today's dateˉ yaꞈ nyi lehˬ hkuiꞈ deˇ yoˬ mehˍ everything went wrong today. วันนี้เหนื่อยเปล่า yaꞈ nyi lehˬ tuˇ shuˍ aꞈ chi hk'e hpehꞈ sheˍ oˬ today it just happened for no reason at all. yaꞈ nyi tanˬ oˇ k'ai ve from today on วันนี้เป็นต้นไป yaꞈ nyi teˇ nyi all day long today, today all day yaꞈ puiˉ ngaˬ hui geh chehˇ mehˍ please stay with us tonight! yaꞈ sheh htaˇ a few moments ago yaꞈ taw puiˉve be bashful, timid yehˇ hk'eun tools needed to do a job เครื่องใช้ yehˇ miˉ hk'a gaˬ k'ai ve go up to the door ให้ไปถึงประตู yehˬ (awˬ paˇ) near (the house) ใกล้บ้าน yehˬ awˍ at the house yehˬ awˬ caw around the house บ้านหมุน yehˬ awˬ hk'oˇ meuˇ edge of a house หลังคาบ้าน yehˬ awˬ suhˉ a new house บ้านใหม่ yehˬ awˬ suhˉ teˇ yehˬ another house บ้านหลังใหม่ yehˬ awˬ suhˉ teˇ yehˬ te a tehꞈ dawˇ taˍ ve yoˬ he has been thinking of building a new house. yehˬ aꞈ pehˬ ve distribute to each houseˬ divide among the householders in the village yehˬ ca k'a ca seek a household, ask in marriage หาครอบครัว yehˬ cawˍ ko taˬ wall-stud (in framework of house) yehˬ cawˍ ko taˬ wall-stud yehˬ chi puiˍ li puiˍ taˆ hpehꞈ ve yoˬ this house is an awful mess. yehˬ daꞈ yehˬ ja a nice clean house yehˬ go a house ladder yehˬ hk'aw chaw the people in a household, the family members yehˬ hk'aw chaw maˇ jaˇ there are many people in the house. มีคนในบ้านหลายคน yehˬ hk'aw chaw(eh) members of a householdˍfamily yehˬ hk'awꞈ nawˉ behind the house หลังบ้าน yehˬ hk'oˆ roof of a house ฟลังคาบ้าน yehˬ htaꞈ caw ve go around the house yehˬ ji ve clean up the house yehˬ k'a tanˬ ve start a new household, family yehˬ ko aˍ ve aꞈ taˆ-e ve climb over into a fenced-in house อย่าปีนรั้ว yehˬ ko ve fence a house ล้อมบ้าน yehˬ kui bear's gall ดีหมี yehˬ kuiˬ ca ve look for a house-site หาที่สร้างบ้าน yehˬ miˉ hoˆ taˍ sheˍ shut the door first. yehˬ miˉ hpehꞈ chi cehˍ jaˇ this doorway is very narrow. yehˬ miˉ htaꞈ htawˆ ve knock on a door yehˬ miˉ k'awˍ taˬ a stick used to keep a door shut yehˬ na above the house yehˬ ngaˍve to rent a house yehˬ paˆ ve house collapses บ้านพัง yehˬ paˇ neˇ near the house บ้านใกล้ yehˬ shehˍ hpaˇ household head เจ้าของบ้าน yehˬ suhˉ taˆ ve have a housewarming party yehˬ tcuhˉ rooftop of a house yehˬ tcuhˉ k'aw area right next to house, under eaves of roof yehˬ te k'o nyiˇ hpawˇ g'awˬ maˇ na when you're building a house you shouldn't pull in opposite directions yehˬ te kuiˬ awˬ ti site for a house สถานที่สร้างบ้าน yehˬ te ve make a house, build a houseˬ use as a house yehˬ teˇ hpuˆ pu sheˍ leh... the bear, having rolled over once... yehˬ yaˇ k'a yaˇ teˇ hpaˍ gawˬ lehꞈ ve nawˬ hui awˬ hk'oˆ cawˬ piˇ-oˆ mehˍ may peace be with everyone in your households. yeunˇ hkanˍve long-suffering อดทน yeˍsuˆ haꞈ k'aˉ ve teˇ pawˆ kaꞈ maˇ htaiˍ puiˉ jesus' compassion can never change. yeˍsuˆ hk'aˇ g'aꞈve follow the way of jesus ติดตามพระเยซู yeˬ piˇ lawˬ ve preserve something in tactˬ make something firm ทำให้มั่นคน yeꞈ nehˆ ve knead into a pulp yonˍ cawˇve be trustworthy yonˍ hpehꞈve trustworthiness yonˍ keunˍve be trustworthy เหมาะสมที่จะเชื่อ yonˍ puiˉve be credulousˬ gullibleˬ be believingˬ have faith yuˇnanˇ k'oˆ ve mvuhˇ miˬ awˍ in a country called yunnan ในเมืองที่ประเทศยูนาน yuˬ geuꞈve bite into yuˬ hk'awꞈve take back เอาคืน yuˬ hk'awꞈve take back, recover something เอาคืน yuˬ jiˆ ve take something and move it yuˬ k'ai tuˬ maˇ loˍ naˉ of course we don't need to take it! yuˬ k'ai ve take away เอาไป yuˬ k'ehˆ ve just miss catching something, not able to hold on to หลุด yuˬ k'oˇ ve hand something up to ส่งต่อๆไป yuˬ k'oˬ ve give back, return, hand over to ส่งให้ yuˬ pehˉve take something and cross it over something else yuˬ tawˆ ve to quote from, to cite yuˬ tiˍve hold back (by force)ˬ hold fast, seize zuh-ehꞈ firmly zuhˬ chaweh quite long (objects or time) zuhˬ ve awˬ mawꞈ teˇ jaˆ hk'e te ve yoˬ it's exactly one cubit long ยาวประมาณหนึ่งศอก zuhˬ ve ngeh ve maˇ heˆ, hk'a cawehˇ ve yoˬ it's neither too long or short, it's just right พอดี, ไม่สั้นไม่ยาวเกินไป zuhꞈ chehˇ shawˍ laˇ. maˬ tu la mawˬ. is he still asleepˉ i haven't seen him get up. zuhꞈ cheˆ ve tear completely off zuhꞈ gawˬ ve cold while sleeping zuhꞈ guiˇ ve to nap, snooze zuhꞈ hk'awꞈ bvuhˬ ve snore นอนโกรน zuhꞈ hk'eh ve sleep all the time เอาแต่นอน zuhꞈ hkanˉ aˍve unable to wake up นอนตลอด zuhꞈ k'a ve sleep well, soundly zuhꞈ kuiˬ bedroom, bed ที่นอน, เสื่อ, ฟูก zuhꞈ leh cheˆ kaꞈ k'ai ve to wake up startled zuhꞈ maˆ zuhꞈ mo nyiˉve be oppressed by bad dreamsˬ have a nightmare where one feels immobilized zuhꞈ muiˉ geuꞈve be sleepy zuhꞈ muiˉ jo ve dozing in and out of sleep zuhꞈ nawˇ la ve wake up from sleep zuhꞈ teˆ ve have nervous sleepˬ thrash about in one's sleep zuhꞈ tu la ve awake from sleep zuhꞈ ve ce kan ve to abstain from sexual relations zuhꞈ-e paˇ-ehˍ tiˉ te ve pretend to be sleeping แกล้งหลับ zui hk'a wheat, barley ปลูกข้าวบาเลย์