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authorFelix <felix@harpo.(none)>2008-05-15 18:15:57 +0000
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+Adjectives are words or phrases that describe a noun. So in English we would have `a \emph{red} dog' or `a \emph{yellow} door'. There is no strict rule as to whether the adjective goes before or after the noun.
+
+\section{Proper}
+\index{adjectives!proper}
+Proper adjectives usually have an initial capital letter and are derived from proper nouns such as country names etc.
+
+\begin{examples}
+\item
+\gll Yunnan Laˇhuˍ
+Yunnan Lahu
+\glt `Lahu of Yunnan'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\gll Yanˇ chaw
+Karen person
+\glt `Karen people'
+\glend
+\end{examples}
+
+\section{Descriptive}
+\index{adjectives!descriptive}
+\begin{examples}
+\item
+\gll {chehˇ ha ve} {yaˇ ehˉ}
+sick child
+\glt `a sick child'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\gll {ni ma ha hanˉ ve} {yaˇ paˍ}
+{brave hearted} boy
+\glt `a brave boy'
+\glend
+\end{examples}
+
+\section{Quantatative}
+\index{adjectives!quantative}
+\label{sec:quantatative}
+These adjectives are used for describing amounts that cannot generally be measured or counted.
+
+\begin{examples}
+\item
+\gll yawˇ awˬ caˇ maˇ ve
+he rice eat much
+\glt `he ate a lot'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\gll yawˇ {a ciˉ} tiˉ {caˆ ve}
+he {a little} only eat
+\glt `he only ate a little'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\gll yawˇ {te chiˉ} maˇ caˇ
+he nothing not eat
+\glt `he ate nothing'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\gll yawˇ caˇ {law ve}
+he eat enough
+\glt `he ate enough'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\gll yawˇ {hk'a peu-eˬ} {caˇ ve}
+he all eat
+\glt `he ate [it] all'
+\glend
+\end{examples}
+
+\section{Demonstrative}
+\index{adjectives!demostrative}
+These are used to indicate a particular object or noun or to distinguish one noun from another.
+
+\begin{examples}
+\item
+\gll nuˇ chi
+cow this
+\glt `this cow'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\gll i mvuhˇ oˇ ve
+horse that
+\glt `that horse'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\gll g'aˆ chi teˇ hpaˍ
+chicken this plural
+\glt `these chickens'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\gll a pehˬ oˇ ve teˇ hpaˍ
+duck that plural
+\glt `those ducks'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\label{ex:no}
+\gll noˇ ve nuˇ teˇ hkeh
+that cow plural
+\glt `those cows over there'
+\glend
+
+\item
+\label{ex:mo}
+\gll moˇ ve yehˬ
+that house
+\glt `that house over there'
+\glend
+
+%\item
+%\gll shoˇ hpawˇ
+%\glend
+
+%\item
+%\gll choˬ hpawˇ
+%\glend
+\end{examples}
+
+Notice that Lahu has a demonstrative for `this', `that' and `over there'. Example~\ref{ex:no} and \ref{ex:mo} both indicate `over there' or `yonder' with the words `noˇ' and `moˇ' respectively. The difference between them being that `noˇ' refers to things \emph{higher} and `moˇ' refers to things \emph{lower}.\footnote{This is due to the Lahu people mainly residing on hillsides where `up' and `down' are descriptions used very often}
+
+\section{Distributive}
+\index{adjectives!distributive}
+\label{sec:distributive}
+Distributative adjectives are used to describe amounts that could be counted as apposed to some of the quantatative adjectives in section~\ref{sec:quantatative} which are unmeasureable. Most of these adjectives require classifiers which are described in chapter~\ref{sec:classifiers}.
+
+\subsection*{Every}
+To denote `every' the phrase `teˇ \ldots le le' is wrapped around the classifier.
+
+\begin{examples}
+\item
+\gll teˇ g'aˇ {le le}
+{teˇ} (clf) {le le}
+\glt `all people'
+\glend
+\item
+\gll teˇ kaˬ {le le}
+{teˇ} (clf) {le le}
+\glt `every place'
+\glend
+\item
+ \gll teˇ nyi {hkanˍ teˇ} nyi
+teˇ (clf) {hkanˍ teˇ} (clf)
+ \glt `every other day'
+ \glend
+ \end{examples}
+
+ \subsection*{Some}
+ To denote `some' the phrase `teˇ' and a repeated classifier is used.
+
+ \begin{examples}
+ \item
+ \gll teˇ g'aˇ g'aˇ
+{teˇ} (clf) (clf)
+ \glt `some people'
+ \glend
+ \end{examples}
+
+ \subsection*{Only}
+ To denote `only' the word `tiˉ' is used after the classifier.
+
+ \begin{examples}
+ \item
+ \gll teˇ g'aˇ tiˉ
+{teˇ} (clf) {tiˉ}
+\glt `only one person'
+\glend
+\item
+\gll shehˆ nyi tiˉ
+three (clf) only
+\glt `only three days'
+\glend
+\end{examples}
+
+\section{Numeral}
+\index{adjectives!numeral}
+To describe a specific number of nouns in Lahu you need to use classifiers. These are discussed in more detail in chapter~\ref{sec:classifiers}.
+
+\begin{examples}
+\item
+\gll Chaw {shehˆ chi} g'aˇ {shaˍ g'a ve yoˬ}
+man thirty (clf) hunt
+\glt `Thirty men went hunting'
+\glend
+\end{examples}
+
+For a more indefinite or general amount the phrase `aˬ~laˬ' (about) or `aˬ~laˬ~hk'e' (nearly) can be added.
+
+\begin{examples}
+\item
+\gll Chaw {aˬ laˬ} {shehˆ chi} g'aˇ {shaˍ g'a ve yoˬ}
+man about thirty (clf) hunt
+\glt About thirty men went hunting
+\glend
+\end{examples}